高中英语北师大版 (2019)选择性必修 第一册Lesson 1 The Sixth Extinction当堂达标检测题

UNIT3CONSERVATION

SectionA　TOPICTALK&LESSON1

课后篇巩固提升

基础夯实

Ⅰ.单词拼写

1.She tries every means to make people aware of the importance of the environment 　　　　　(保护). 

答案conservation

2.I said no to　　　　　 (塑料制的) or paper bags at stores. 

答案plastic

3.The prices of some i　　　　 in that shop have decreased to 60%. 

答案items

4.A suggestion has been put forward that we should r　　　　 the textbooks. 

答案recycle

5.We ought to ensure something that 　　　　　(使恢复) our lost energy and cheers us up. 

答案restores

6.He gathered a huge　　　　　 (大量的) of snow and dug out a hole in the middle. 

答案mass

7.She is popular with her students as her teaching methods are 　　　　　(不平常的). 

答案unusual

8.One winter day while he was h　　　　,he saw the tracks of animals in the snow. 

答案hunting

9.Husband and wife should s　　　　 roles occasionally. 

答案switch

10.Another disadvantage of the internet was that it was a　　　　 people’s private lives. 

答案affecting

Ⅱ.单句语法填空

1.The 　　　　　(destroy) of such species could prevent researchers from finding cures for certain diseases. 

答案destruction

2.The union 　　　　　(threat) that they would go on strike if their demands were not met. 

答案threatened

3.They were charged with bringing goods into the country 　　　　　(illegal). 

答案illegally

4.The 　　　　　(hunt)agreed to take us to go hunting tomorrow. 

答案hunter(s)

5.Some experts appealed to people to rescue many species from 　　　　　(extinct). 

答案extinction

6.　　　　　 (urge)measures have been taken to prevent car emission. 

答案Urgent

7.A 　　　　　(vary) and ancient food culture should be famous worldwide. 

答案varied

8.The glass appears to reflect light 　　　　　(natural). 

答案naturally

9.We can’t afford to overlook such serious 　　　　　(pollute) to the environment. 

答案pollution

10.On the other hand,there are always some people who view this gap 　　　　　(negative). 

答案negatively

Ⅲ.短语填空

take action,die out,be at risk,do one’s part,have a role, in short, due to, up to, depend on, wipe out

1.In the past decade,the administration hasn’t 　　　　　in environmental conservation. 

答案done its part

2.What we can do now is 　　　　　to reduce pollution. 

答案take action

3.As a member of the international society,we 　　　　　to play. 

答案have a role

4.The old traditions are　　　　　. 

答案dying out

5.Only in this way can we　　　　　the enemy troops. 

答案wipe out

6.The drivers were more likely to break the speed limit and 　　　　　of getting fined. 

答案be at risk

7.All the flights were put off 　　　　　the bad weather. 

答案due to

8.The government will make accommodations for 　　　　　three thousand people. 

答案up to

9.Friendship means having someone I can 　　　　　. 

答案depend on

10.　　　　　,he was happy with that result. 

答案In short

Ⅳ.完成句子

1.去哪儿郊游由你决定。

It is up to you to decide　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　go for an outing. 

答案where we will

2.直到最近几年,在线课程才真正得到公众的认可。

It is only in the last few years that online courses　　　　　　　　　　the real public acceptance. 

答案have gained

3.李娜结束职业生涯的真正原因是她的伤痛。

The real　　　　　　　　　　Li Na to end her professional career is her painful injuries. 

答案reason for

4.人人皆知他应该为此受到责备。

Everybody knows that he　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　this. 

答案is to blame for

5.2019年,大约有六万名美国大学生在学习中文,是2009年的三倍。

In 2019,about 60,000 American college students were studying Chinese,which is　　　　　　　　　　as many as in 2009. 

答案three times

6.英语里有如此多的法语词汇的一个原因是法国人曾统治英格兰很多年。

One reason　　　　　 there are so many French words in English is 　　　　　the French ruled England for quite a number of years. 

答案why;that

7.没有你的帮助,我们就不能达到目标。

We 　　　　　achieve the goal 　　　　　your help. 

答案can’t;without

8.我们不是通过关联来找书,也就是说,我们不是通过其内容来查找。

We don’t find the book by association.　　　　　　　　　　, we don’t find the book by referring to its contents. 

答案That is

素养提升

Ⅴ.阅读理解

A

主题语境:人与自然　语篇类型:说明文

(2020广西南宁高一下期末考试)

Swimming in the water of Hawaii’s Big Island is a fun experience.But it can be more exciting if there are dolphins swimming around and jumping out of the sea too.For many people,it would be a wonderful dream to swim with these lovely animals!However,this may not be good for dolphins.They may get hurt because of human interaction(互动).

Dolphins are active and usually look for food at night.In the day,they like to rest in shallow bays(浅湾).Many people think the dolphins are awake during the day as they swim.But when they sleep they rest half of their brain and keep the other half awake to breathe,so they may be sleeping even when they’re swimming in the water.

From 2010 to 2013,spinner dolphins(飞旋海豚) of Hawaii’s Big Island were exposed to human activities more than 82 percent of the time,according to Julian Tyne,a researcher at Australia’s Murdoch University.

The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) says disturbing the animals in their near-shore habitat could force them to swim to less favourable places,putting them at risk of attack by sharks and other animals.

Besides,when people are around,dolphins become more active.Thus,they can’t get enough sleep.“Disturbing their resting behaviours can actually affect their long-term health and the health of the dolphin population,” Ann Garrett of NOAA’s National Marine Fisheries Service told the Associated Press.

As a result,the NOAA wants to make rules to help protect the dolphins.For example,the agency(机构) may ban swimming with the Hawaii spinner dolphins.Or they may stop people from swimming in shallow bays when the dolphins are resting.Tour operators must also be taught to watch for signs to know when the dolphins are in their resting state.

【语篇解读】本文谈到海豚的生活习性以及其与人类的相处,建议人们保护海豚。

1.Which of the following about dolphins is NOT true?

A.They spend most of their time sleeping at night.

B.They like to stay in shallow bays during the day.

C.They keep half of their brain awake while sleeping.

D.They may be sleeping even when they’re swimming.

答案A

解析细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“Dolphinsareactiveandusuallylookforfoodatnight.”可知,海豚晚上大多数时间睡觉的描述错误,故选A项。

2.What would they do when dolphins are disturbed in their near-shore habitat?

A.Swim to a crowded place.

B.Move closer to sharks.

C.Become less active.

D.Likely sleep longer.

答案B

解析细节理解题。根据文章第四段中的“disturbingtheanimalsintheirnear-shorehabitatcouldforcethemtoswimtolessfavourableplaces,puttingthematriskofattackbysharksandotheranimals”可知,妨碍海豚在近岸栖息可能迫使它们游向不合适的地方,它们可能会遭受鲨鱼和其他动物的袭击,故选B项。

3.Which activity is against the rules?

A.Swimming with the Hawaii spinner dolphins.

B.Swimming in bays where the dolphins live.

C.Making signs that show the dolphins’ resting state.

D.Making signs that show where the dolphins are.

答案A

解析细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“theagency(机构)maybanswimmingwiththeHawaiispinnerdolphins”可知,与夏威夷飞旋海豚一起游泳是禁止的,故选A项。

4.What does the article mainly talk about?

A.What habits dolphins have.

B.What spinner dolphins are.

C.How the animals live in the sea.

D.How to protect dolphins near the shore.

答案D

解析主旨大意题。本文前面部分介绍了海豚,后文主要是号召人们保护海豚,以及如何保护的问题,故选D项。

B

主题语境:人与自然　语篇类型:说明文

(2020黑龙江佳木斯高一上期末考试)

Human demands for natural resources have doubled in less than 50 years and are now beyond what Earth can provide,a report warned.If humans carry on like this,we will need two Earths by 2030.The population of wildlife has fallen by 60% in thirty years.

The report said British people are consuming(消耗) far more than Earth can deal with.If everyone lived such a lifestyle,humans would need 2.75 planets to survive.People are now living lifestyles which would require 1.5 planets,though there are great differences between rich and poor nations.

Researchers studied the global change in land use and water consumption.The UK comes 31st in a list of countries based on “ecological footprint(生态足迹)” that measures how much land and sea each person needs to produce the resources they consume and to absorb(吸收) the wastes.The UK has fallen down from 15th place in the last report two years ago to 3lst place,but the WWF believes it is an increase in other countries’ efforts rather than a reduction in the UK’s use of resources.

Ireland has the 10th highest ecological footprint,while the United Arab Emirates,Qatar,Denmark,Belgium and the US are the five worst countries for over-consumption of resources.The study suggests if the expected global population of 9.2 billion in 2050 were to eat a Malaysian diet,1.3 planets would be needed,but if everyone were to eat an Italian diet,humans would need almost two planets.Those countries that can provide the highest quality of life using the lowest amount of resources will not only serve the global interest,but will be the leaders in a resource-limited world.

【语篇解读】本文通过实例说明人类在透支地球的资源。

5.How many Earths do we need if we follow the British lifestyle?

A.1.3. B.2.75.

C.2. D.1.5.

答案B

解析细节理解题。根据第二段中的“ThereportsaidBritishpeopleareconsuming(消耗)farmorethanEarthcandealwith.Ifeveryonelivedsuchalifestyle,humanswouldneed2.75planetstosurvive.”可知,如果我们按照英国的生活方式,我们可能需要2.75个地球。故选B项。

6.What do we know about “ecological footprint”?

A.It has something to do with human demands for resources and their wastes.

B.It is used to produce the resources and absorb the wastes.

C.We can know the total amount of resources on Earth through it.

D.It is about changes in land use and water consumption across the globe.

答案A

解析推理判断题。根据第三段中的“basedon‘ecologicalfootprint(生态足迹)’thatmeasureshowmuchlandandseaeachpersonneedstoproducetheresourcestheyconsumeandtoabsorb(吸收)thewastes”可知,生态足迹与人类对资源的需求和浪费有关,故选A项。

7.TheWWFbelievesthat　　　. 

A.Earthwon’tbeabletomeethumanneedsafter50years

B.theUKhaspossiblynotreducedtheuseofresourcesoverthepasttwoyears

C.IrelandhasalowerecologicalfootprintthantheUK

D.therearenobigdifferencesinlifestylesbetweenrichandpoornations

答案B

解析细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句可知,英国的排名从两年前的第15位降至第31位,但世界自然基金会认为,这是因为其他国家的消耗增加了,而不是英国资源使用量减少了。故选B项。

8.WhatcanwelearnaboutMalaysiafromthetext?

A.IthasalargerpopulationthanItaly.

B.ItconsumesfewerresourcesthanItaly.

C.Itwouldneedalmosttwoplanets.

D.Ithasthehighestqualityoflife.

答案B

解析推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Thestudysuggestsiftheexpectedglobalpopulationof9.2billionin2050weretoeataMalaysiandiet,1.3planetswouldbeneeded,butifeveryoneweretoeatanItaliandiet,humanswouldneedalmosttwoplanets.”可推断,马来西亚人的消费模式消耗的资源比意大利的少,故选B项。

Ⅵ.七选五

主题语境:人与自然　语篇类型:说明文

(2020江苏如皋高一上期末考试)

Environmental pollution kills 1.7 million children under the age of five every year worldwide.This is according to the World Health Organisation (WHO).The WHO warns that child deaths will increase greatly if pollution continues to worsen.

The most common causes of death among children aged one month to five years are diarrhea,malaria and pneumonia.This is according to the WHO.　1　 This means providing access to safe water and sanitation,limiting exposure to dangerous chemicals,and improving waste management. 

　2　 The WHO estimates that air pollution is responsible for about 6.5 million premature,or early deaths every year.That number includes nearly 600,000 deaths of children under age five.Most of these deaths take place in developing countries. 

Air pollution is a leveler between rich and poor,according to WHO environment and health chief Maria Neira.　3　 And one of the most important ways to reduce air pollution is to produce cleaner fuels for cooking and heating.“Almost half of the world population is using dirty fuels for cooking,heating,and lighting at home.And,this is affecting very much mothers who are staying and cooking at home,but the children who are around mothers are exposed as well.” Early exposure to harmful pollutants can lead to increased risk of chronic respiratory disease,asthma,heart disease,stroke and cancer later in life. 

Cleaning up how the world cooks,heats and lights homes and other buildings is a big-picture goal.The WHO is advising government departments and industries such as construction and the health sector to work together to clean up their environment.

　4　 The US Environmental Protection Agency has the following suggestions: 

· Avoid walking where there is a high volume of vehicle traffic.

·　5　 

· Limit your time outside if you live in an area that issues warnings about air quality.

· Wear high-grade,rated face masks tightly to the face when air quality is poor.

· Remove your clothes and wash immediately after entering your house if you live or commute in a very polluted area.

A.However,of all the environmental pollutants,air pollution is being called the most dangerous.

B.But what can individuals do to limit our family’s exposure to air pollution?

C.Therefore,the WHO stresses that governments around the world need to take the lead on ensuring that children grow up in a clean environment.

D.The organisation also says reducing environmental risks can prevent such deaths.

E.A polluted environment is a deadly one—particularly for young children.

F.Everybody,she says,needs to breathe.

G.Equip homes with air filters and air conditioning units.

答案与解析

【语篇解读】文章指出环境污染是近年来导致幼童死亡率上升的主要原因之一。

1.D　上文提到,一个月至五岁的儿童中最常见的死亡原因是腹泻、疟疾和肺炎,D项“Theorganisationalsosaysreducingenvironmentalriskscanpreventsuchdeaths.”补充了世界卫生组织的另一个结论,符合语境。

2.A　下文提到,世界卫生组织估计,空气污染每年造成约650万人早衰或早亡。A项“However,ofalltheenvironmentalpollutants,airpollutionisbeingcalledthemostdangerous.”表示,在所有的环境污染物中,空气污染被认为是最危险的。呼应下文中的airpollution“空气污染”,符合语境。

3.F　上文提到,世界卫生组织环境与卫生主管MariaNeira说,空气污染是贫富之间的一个平衡点。F项“Everybody,shesays,needstobreathe.”中的she呼应前文中的MariaNeira,符合语境。

4.B　根据下文的“TheUSEnvironmentalProtectionAgencyhasthefollowingsuggestions”可知,这里说的是个人能做什么来保护环境。B项“Butwhatcanindividualsdotolimitourfamily’sexposuretoairpollution?”提到人们能做些什么来减少家里的空气污染,符合语境。

5.G　根据上下文可知,这里介绍的是个人保护环境的方法。G项“Equiphomeswithairfiltersandairconditioningunits.”符合语境。

Ⅶ.完形填空

主题语境:人与自然　语篇类型:记叙文

(2020黑龙江东部地区高一上四校期末联考)

My daughter has been crazy about raising a pet for a long time.

Last spring I bought two small chickens for her.She got 　1　 and took good care of them.　2　,a few days later,both chickens died.She 　3　 into tears because of their death.I helped her 　4　 the two chickens under a tree behind our house.I thought it would be the 　5　 of her idea. 

However,I was wrong.Children are children after all.The failure hasn’t 　6　 my daughter in any way.She still tried to keep a small animal or even a snail(蜗牛). 

One day last winter,I 　7　 under the eaves (屋檐) of the house a family of sparrows (麻雀).My daughter and I could 　8　 the sparrows as our “pets”,but we didn’t. 

So I told her to 　9　 the grains on the windowsill (窗台).A few minutes later,the sparrows came to land on the windowsill 　10　 and pecked (啄) at the rice.Suddenly my daughter asked me,“Mum,can we catch and cage the sparrows,and let them live with us in the room?How 　11　 it is for them to live outside!” 

“Oh,my dear,I do not think it’s a good idea.You know,” I explained to her.“The sparrow is a bird who loves 　12　.No one can keep them in a cage.If they are caught,they will die quickly.They are 　13　 to living outside.Moreover,they have a warm nest under the eaves.” 

From then on,we have set up a kind of relationship with the sparrow family.We feed them and 　14　 them as pet birds.However,we do not need to possess them.We 　15　 seeing these little birds flying and jumping among branches,leaves and flowers in the spring morning. 

【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文,讲述作者女儿喂养小动物的故事。

1.A.surprised B.excited

C.disappointed D.amazed

答案B

解析根据下文的“tookgoodcareofthem”可知,女儿认真照顾小鸡,excited“兴奋的”符合语境。surprised“吃惊的”;disappointed“失望的”;amazed“惊讶的”。

2.A.Naturally B.Suddenly

C.Unfortunately D.Finally

答案C

解析根据下文的“bothchickensdied”可知,unfortunately“不幸地”符合语境。naturally“自然而然地”;suddenly“突然地”;finally“最后”。

3.A.broke B.happened

C.burst D.turned

答案C

解析因为它们的死,她突然大哭起来(burstintotears)。break“打破”;happen“发生”;turn“转变”。

4.A.bury B.put

C.dig D.set

答案A

解析由“underatreebehindourhouse”可知,作者帮她把死掉的小鸡埋在了房子后的一棵树下。bury“埋葬”;put“放”;dig“挖”;set“设置”。

5.A.end B.beginning

C.wish D.reality

答案A

解析结合上下文可知,作者认为小鸡死后,女儿就不会再养其他小动物了,故此处指“她的想法结束了”,符合语境。end“结束”;beginning“开始”;wish“希望”;reality“现实”。

6.A.upset B.encouraged

C.helped D.impressed

答案A

解析根据下文的“Shestilltriedtokeepasmallanimalorevenasnail(蜗牛).”可知,之前的经历并没有让她沮丧(upset),女儿仍然想养小动物。encourage“鼓励”;help“帮助”;impress“使印象深刻”。

7.A.stared B.noticed

C.sensed D.glared

答案B

解析去年冬天的一天,作者注意到(noticed)屋檐下有麻雀一家。stare“凝视”;sense“感觉到”;glare“瞪”。

8.A.look B.act

C.catch D.feed

答案C

解析结合句意可知,要想把麻雀作为宠物,首先得抓住它们,且下文的“Mum,canwecatchandcagethesparrows”也有暗示,catch是原词复现。look“看”;act“行动”;catch“抓”;feed“喂”。

9.A.throw B.pour

C.pile D.put

答案D

解析根据上下文,作者是一个善良温柔的人,故此处用“放(put)”更能体现出这一点。throw“扔”;pour“倾倒”;pile“堆”。

10.A.oneafteranother B.oneanother

C.everyother D.eachother

答案A

解析几分钟之后,麻雀一只接一只地停到窗台上开始啄食谷物。结合句意可知,此处用“一只接一只”来表达麻雀的数量较多。oneafteranother“一只接一只”;oneanother“相互”;everyother“其余的”;eachother“相互”。

11.A.free B.happy

C.cold D.warm

答案C

解析结合上文的“Onedaylastwinter”可知事情发生在冬天,所以cold符合语境。

12.A.freedom B.spring

C.trees D.nests

答案A

解析根据下文的“Noonecankeeptheminacage.”可知,作者告诉女儿没有人能够把麻雀关在笼子里,故推测她告诉女儿它们喜欢自由(freedom)。

13.A.safe B.proud

C.grateful D.used

答案D

解析根据上文的“Thesparrowisabirdwholoves　12　.”可知,麻雀习惯在户外生活。safe“安全的”;proud“骄傲的”;grateful“感激的”;beusedtodoingsth“习惯做某事”。 

14.A.think B.dream

C.treat D.appreciate

答案C

解析根据前文的“wehavesetupakindofrelationshipwiththesparrowfamily”可知,作者一家和麻雀建立了很好的关系,故推测他们把麻雀一家当成自己的宠物来对待(treat)。think“想,认为”;dream“梦想”;appreciate“感激”。

15.A.enjoy B.wouldlike

C.want D.consider

答案A

解析作者和女儿都是爱鸟之人,所以喜欢看这些小鸟在春天的早晨在树枝、树叶和花朵间飞来飞去。enjoy“享受,喜欢”;wouldlike“想”;want“想”;consider“考虑,认为”。