高中人教版 (2019)Unit 4 History and traditions随堂练习题

课时素养检测十三

　Unit 4　Period 1

Ⅰ. 阅读理解

A

Lajamanu is a dry town in Australia. Can you imagine how surprised people were when live fish rained down from a dark gray cloud?  It happens that there are similar cases in England and Honduras.

How do clouds make fish?  The simple answer is that they don’t. There is a particular weather phenomenon called a waterspout. A waterspout is just like a tornado,  which only forms above oceans,  lakes,  or rivers. Like a tornado,  a waterspout moves in a circle at high speeds. When it moves above the water,  it tends to carry the fish with it,  as well as frogs or other small plants or animals.

Scientists couldn’t work it out at first. To make matters stranger still,  the fish in Honduras were very much alive when they rained down to the ground,  but they were all blind. In England and Australia,  it rained fish and snakes,  and none were blind. It was difficult to puzzle out,  but the blind fish gave them a place to start.

Scientists knew that some fish that lived in deep,  underground caves with no light sources often lost their eyesight. So when blind fish rained down on Honduras,  scientists began to connect some dots. Clearly,  these particular fish were pulled from an underground water source by force.

Historically,  villagers thought the “fishes from the heavens” might be answers to prayers for food. But in 1990,  a group of scientists in England happened to record what was happening when it rained fish from the sky and finally proved the fact of rains of fish. This huge breakthrough changed legends into true stories and provided scientific explanations for how fish came to live in deep caves.

【语篇概述】本文是一篇说明文。文章解释了神奇的天气状况: “雨中下活鱼”。 “盲鱼”让科学家们开始认为龙卷风理论似乎更有可能。科学家目击天上下“鱼雨”更是把神话传说变成了真实的故事,  同时为鱼如何生活在深海洞穴里提供了科学的解释。

1. According to the passage,  a waterspout ________.  

A. can make animals blind

B. is difficult to catch on film

C. can carry items with it

D. is a dangerous sea creature

【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据第二段中“When it moves above the water,  it tends to carry the fish with it,  as well as frogs or other small plants or animals. (当它移动到水上,  它可能会卷起一些鱼,  青蛙,  或者其他小的动植物。)”可知,  水上龙卷风可能携带一些物品。故选C。

2. The blind fish made the scientists start to think that ________.  

A. raining fish was a warning of natural disasters

B. animals changed to match their environments

C. the weather system differed from place to place

D. the waterspout theory seemed more possible

【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句“It was difficult to puzzle out,  but the blind fish gave them a place to start. ”可知,  “盲鱼”让科学家们开始认为龙卷风理论似乎更有可能。故选D。

3. The author writes the passage to ________.  

A. tell us it may rain fish sometimes

B. explain what caused the fishy weather

C. persuade people to protect the environment

D. encourage people to do scientific research

【解析】选B。写作意图题。纵观全文,  特别是第一段中Can you imagine how surprised people were when live fish rained down from a dark gray cloud? 及下文的研究和结论可知,  作者写这篇文章是为了解释为什么会出现这种雨中下活鱼的天气。故选B。

B

The first day of the month of May is known as May Day. It is the time of the year when warmer weather begins. People celebrate the coming of summer with customs that are expressions of joy and hope after a long winter. Today,   May Day activities have been moved to the May Day holiday on the first Monday of the month. It is a public holiday when families take advantage of the time off to visit some of the UK’s many attractions,   including parks,   zoos,   historic buildings,   ancient towns and villages and beautiful countryside.

May Day celebrations have their origins in the Roman festival of Flora,   the goddess of fruit and flowers,   which marked the beginning of summer. People would decorate their houses and villages with leaves and flowers they picked at daybreak in the belief that the vegetation spirits would bring good luck. In the very early morning,   young girls went into the fields and washed their faces with dew (露水). They believed this made them very beautiful for the following year.

May Day was an important day in the Middle Ages and was a favorite holiday of many English villages. People of the time used to cut down young trees and stick them in the ground in the village to mark the arrival of summer. This is the origin of the maypole (五月柱). People danced around them in celebration of the end of winter. Maypoles were once common all over England and were kept from one year to the next. The tallest maypole is said to have been put up in London on the Strand in 1661. It stood more than 143 feet high and was cut down in 1717,   when it was used by Newton to support a new reflecting telescope.

【语篇概述】本文是一篇说明文。围绕英国的传统节日“May Day”展开描述。从它的庆祝时间及意义到人们在这一天的活动,  从它的起源到人们在这一天的传统做法,  详细地、全面地把与这一节日有关的知识呈现给大家。

4. How do British people celebrate May Day?

A. They visit friends and family members.

B. They spend a lot of time shopping around.

C. They show great love for the long winter.

D. They celebrate it on the first Monday of May.

【解析】选D。细节理解题。第一段最后一句“visit some of the UK’s many attractions”告诉我们节日这天人们去参观一些景点而不是拜访亲朋好友或购物,  故A、B错误。根据第一段第三句“People celebrate the coming of summer with customs that are expressions of joy and hope after a long winter. ”得知,  人们庆祝的是夏季的到来,  冬季的结束,  故C项错误。根据第一段Today,   May Day activities have been moved to the May Day holiday on the first Monday of the month. 可知正确答案为D。

5. The underlined word “this” in Paragraph 2 refers to ________.  

A. going into the fields

B. picking flowers at daybreak

C. washing the face with dew

D. getting up early in the morning

【解析】选C。词义推测题。根据上一句“In the very early morning,   young girls went into the fields and washed their faces with dew. ”得知,  划线词“this”指的是“用露水洗脸”,  故答案为C。

6. What can we learn about the maypole?

A. People climb it on May Day.

B. It dates back to the Middle Ages.

C. It was usually found in the cities.

D. People used old,   tall trees to make it.

【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第三段第一句话“May Day was an important day in the Middle Ages and was a favorite holiday of many English villages. ”和第三句话“This is the origin of the maypole. ”得知五月柱可以追溯到中世纪,  故答案为B。

7. The purpose of the text is to ________.  

A. describe Roman customs

B. introduce a British festival

C. suggest spring family activities

D. explain the origins of maypoles

【解析】选B。写作意图题。根据文章大意,  从May Day的庆祝时间及意义到人们在这一天的活动,  从它的起源到人们在这一天的传统做法,  作者详细地、全面地给大家介绍了一个英国的节日,  故答案为B。

Ⅱ. 阅读填句

　　For most teens,   bedtime is just a childhood memory. Keep in mind the risks that come along with a lack of shut-eye;  don’t wait to reintroduce a bedtime,   and be sure to pass along these five ways to get a better sleep.

Don’t stay up late to study.

Teens are often found to stay up late to study. Studies show sleep helps you understand and remember information. 　1　 If you think you badly need to study more,   get up early and study in the morning instead.  

　2　 

Sleeping with your smart-phone nearby results in 21 minutes less sleep each night. If your phone is easy to reach,   you’ll probably end up using it when you should be dreaming.

Turn your phone on airplane mode(飞行模式).

Even if your phone is out of reach,   you may want to get up and check it when you hear it. Turn your phone on airplane mode. 　3　 

Create a bedtime routine(常规).

　4　 Having a bedtime routine will cause your body to prepare for sleep around that time each night. Set a time you think is proper and stick to it.  

Use your desk for working and your bed for sleeping.

Getting into bed to do homework,   read,   or check your phone may make you feel good. 　5　 

A. Bedtime isn’t just for babies.

B. Don’t sleep right by your phone.

C. Besides,   sleeping by your phone may be harmful to your health.

D. But getting into bed should be a sign for sleep,   not other activities.

E. Your texts won’t come until you turn airplane mode off in the morning.

F. That’s why teens often get poor grades when they cannot get enough sleep.

G. After all,   your bed is likely one of the most comfortable spaces in your home.

【语篇概述】本文介绍了拥有好睡眠的五种方法。

1. 【解析】选F。根据上一句“研究表明,  睡眠帮助你理解并记住信息”可知,  本句的内容与“睡眠和学习的关系”有关。F项“这就是为什么孩子们睡不够觉时考试成绩会不理想”顺承上文。

2. 【解析】选B。根据该句所处的位置得知,  此处为提建议的祈使句。再根据本段内容判断B项符合。

3. 【解析】选E。根据上一句话“将你的手机调到飞行模式”判断,  本句与“飞行模式”“打开”“关闭”等词有关。E项“关闭飞行模式”与上文契合。

4. 【解析】选A。根据本句话所在的位置以及本段大意,  不仅孩子需要按时上床睡觉,  成年人也需要固定一个上床睡觉的时间,  因此A选项为正确答案。

5. 【解析】选D。本段的主要内容为上床后不要进行其他活动,  仅仅是准备入睡。上一句大意为“上床写作业、看书或者看手机可能让你感觉良好”,  本句话需要转折来表达本段中心思想。因此D项“准备入睡,  不开展其他活动”为正确答案。

【素养培优】

读WHAT’S IN A NAME后,  用自己的语言整合课文概要。要求: 尽量使用本单元目标词汇,  词数60左右。

The UK,   the United Kingdom,   is the shortened name of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. Four different countries joined together throughout history to form what we have today. The four countries that belong to the UK work together in some areas and also have some differences. The UK has a long history to explore,   which can not only help us understand much more about the country but also make our visit to it more enjoyable.