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专题33 语法填空综合强化10(各地名校最新模拟真题)-2022年高三英语一轮复习之语法填空
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这是一份专题33 语法填空综合强化10(各地名校最新模拟真题)-2022年高三英语一轮复习之语法填空,共23页。试卷主要包含了考查代词,考查定语从句,考查主谓一致,考查时态,考查非谓语动词,考查副词,考查名词单复数等内容,欢迎下载使用。
2022高考英语语法填空综合强化10
(各地名校最新高考模拟真题)
(2022·四川·模拟预测)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
A new United Nations climate report predicts Africa’s rare glaciers (冰川) will disappear in the next 20 years. The report, called State of the Climate in Africa, ___1___ (release) last Tuesday by the UN’s World Meteorologicale (气象的) Organization (WMO) and other agencies. It warns that climate change will be the cause of the ___2___ (disappear) glaciers in eastern Africa.
The report warns that ___3___ shrinking glaciers at Mount Kilimanjaro in Tanzania, Kenya’s Mount Kenya and the Rwenzori Mountains in Uganda are signs of widespread climate change to come. “___4___ the current shrinking rate continues, it will lead to total disappearance by the 2040s,” the report says.
The report notes that last year was Africa’s third ___5___ (warm)on record. Data shows temperatures on the continent were 0.86 degrees Celsius higher than the average in the 30 years leading up to 2010. The WMO warns that Africa’s 1.3 billion people remain “___6___ (extreme) vulnerable (脆弱的)” as the continent keeps getting warmer ___7___ a faster rate.
Petteri Taalas, Secretary-General of the WMO, said massive displacement, hunger and increasing climate events such as droughts and flooding are likely ___8___ (continue). He added there is a great need for investments in Africa to develop systems and technology ___9___ can help the continent deal with the effects of climate change. The money could be used to improve early warning systems and build ____10____ (equip) to better observe weather and water movements.
(2022·湖南·模拟预测)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The diabolo has become ____11____(extreme) popular throughout the world. Spinning(旋转) the cups, or discs, is now a major sport, a popular exercise and great performance art. It has also been called “the Chinese yoyo”, and in ____12____ (it) current form the diabolo did developed from the Chinese yoyo. It consists of two rods (杆) ____13____ (join) with string, and the diabolo itself, disc-shaped wheels joined by a wooden spool (线轴) at the center.
The Chinese diabolo ____14____ (make) from bamboo, and the name ____15____ (come) from the hollow center. Its Chinese name is Kongzhu. “Kong” means hollow and “zhu” refers ____16____ bamboo. During the Qing Dynasty (1636—1912), the diabolo was often confused with the Kongzhong, commonly known as a maraca. It is also known as Cheling. Diabolos that have been made in Beijing and Tianjin are the ____17____ (much) popular.
Diabolos have ____18____ long history. The Outline History of Beijing Scenery in the Ming Dynasty includes descriptions of ____19____ diabolos were made, and how people played with them. _____20_____ (culture) relics (遗迹) unearthed from the Dingling Mausoleum also underline this long history, and diabolo spinning has certainly been around for over 600 years.
(2022·广东梅州·一模)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
As a nature photographer, I have to brave the wind and the rain, but I still enjoy working outside in the wild. I enjoy observing animals in their ____21____ (nature) environment.
Last spring, I followed a path that took me through ____22____ dark forest. When I finally stepped out of the trees, the view was breathtaking. An eagle flew over the snow-capped mountains, which ____23____ (reflect) in the still lake below. While I was concentrated on photographing this ____24____ (amaze) thing, I suddenly had a feeling that I was being watched.____25____(slow) and with the camera still held to my eye, I turned …and froze. Only meters away from me was a bear. With water falling off its thick, brown hair, the bear stared back at ____26____ (I). Time stood still as the bear and I both waited to see ____27____ would move first. My legs started shaking. Somehow I forced my finger ____28____ (press) the button. A second later, the bear turned and ran back into the forest. When I recovered ____29____ the shock, I looked at my camera. My most frightening but magical experience was now captured forever in a single image.
From time to time I look at the photo as a reminder to show respect to all animals. It is after all we who are the _____30_____ (visitor) to their world.
(2022·江苏·模拟预测)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Tibet was a region I was desperate to see, ____31____ its remoteness and my inability to go delayed my journey. Last summer, my brother and I finally decided to take the trip.
We set off at the Guangzhou train station and three days later, we arrived in Lhasa. The trip certainly took a while; however, we ____32____ (reward) with the most beautiful views and made friends along the way, all at a ____33____ (low) cost than flying.
We started our tour of Lhasa watching pilgrims(朝圣者)doing their morning prayers, ____34____(comprehensive) exploring the palace. We had an incredible lunch at one of the best restaurants in Lhasa, ____35____ offered a beautiful view overlooking the Jokhang Temple.
Then we started our journey to the Qomolangma base camp____36____ road from Lhasa. Along the way we stopped ____37____ (admire) the Yamdrok Lake. Its beauty was beyond ____38____(describe).
About a week later, we arrived. We stayed in a guesthouse just next to the base camp and after dropping off our luggage, ____39____ (head) straight outside to see the Mt. Qomolangma. The tip of the mountain emerged through the clouds, ____40____ (astonish) us with its unbelievable height. The clouds parted and we watched the sunset over the peak.
(2022·陕西咸阳·一模)阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
Our bodies can be younger or older than our actual age ____41____(depend)upon diet, lifestyle choices and physical activity. This is called biological age, which could be different from the age on your driver's license, which ____42____ (call)chronological age. A recent study of over 900 adults ____43____were tracked for 12 years , ranging from 26 to 38,____44____(show)that people who were aging faster , were not as ____45____(health)or physically fit. This group was also more likely ____46____(have)cognitive decline.
____47____research of growing body proves that the keys ____48____aging successfully are a combination of exercising regularly, keeping busy with life, and maintaining a healthy diet with nutritious foods. These three key ____49____ (element)could contribute to aging gracefully, and _____50_____(successful), too.
(2022·贵州毕节·模拟预测)阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
Traditionally, from the Winter Solstice (冬至) on, people in China talk about winter ____51____ (come) in nine periods and each period is 9 days long, which is called shujiu. The nine periods represent the nine stages of the season respectively. ____52____ is believed that after 9 nine-day periods, the weather becomes warmer and spring will be ____53____ its way.
The 3rd nine-day period is called “Sanjiu” in Chinese, ____54____ refers to the 19th-27th days after the day of the Winter Solstice. As the saying goes, the days of the Sanjiu period ____55____ (be) the coldest days of the Nines of winter.
Winter is a long season of the year in northern areas, and the cold weather sometimes ____56____ (bring) out the true characteristics of many cities.
Such as in Beijing, the ice sculptures, ____57____ (decorate) by a variety of colored lights, are ____58____ (true) incredible and besides those, there are plenty of folk events and fireworks to enjoy.
During the 3rd nine-day period, most of the lakes in northern areas will freeze over. Skating on the lakes is one of the most popular ____59____ (activity) and even has become ____60____ annual tradition.
(2022·江西·一模)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词和括号内单词的正确形式。
Thomas Edison was famously opposed to sleeping. In an 1889 interview published in Scientific American, the ever energetic ___61___ (invent) of the lightbulb claimed he never slept more than four hours a night. Sleep was, he thought, a waste of time.
Yet Edison may have relied on sleep ___62___ (advance) his creativity. Edison is said to have napped while ___63___ (hold)a ball in each hand, thinking that, as he ___64___ (fall) asleep, the balls would fall to the floor and wake ___65___ (he). This way he could remember the sorts of thoughts that come to us as we are nodding off, ___66___ we often do not remember.
Sleep researchers now suggest that Edison might have been on to something. Published ___67___ (recent) in Science Advances, a new study reports that we have a brief period of creativity and insight in the half awake state that occurs just as we begin to fall into sleep, ___68___ sleep stage called N1, or non-rapid-eye-movement sleep stage 1. The ___69___ (discovery) show that if we can use that liminal haze between sleep and wakefulness — known _____70_____ a hypnagogic (催眠的) state — we might recall our bright ideas more easily.
(2022·陕西武功·模拟预测)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Wang Yaping and her fellow astronaut Zhai Zhigang ____71____ (leave) China’s space station on Sunday. They spent more than six hours installing(安装) equipment and ____72____ (carry) out tests outside the space station. The spacewalk lasted until early Monday. The third member of the crew, Ye Guangfu, stayed inside the station to provide ____73____ (assist).
The three are the second crew on the permanent station and they will stay there for the next six ____74____ (month). The mission that began with their arrival on October 16 was scheduled to be the ____75____ (long) stretch of time in space yet for Chinese astronauts.
The Tianhe module(核心舱) of the station will be connected next year to two more sections named Meng-tian ____76____ Wentian. Three spacewalks are planned to make preparations ____77____ the station’s expansion, while the crew will also assess living conditions in the Tianhe module and conduct experiments in space medicine and other fields. China plans to send multiple crews to the station over the next two years to make it ____78____ (full) functional.
Wang Yaping, ____79____ had traveled to China’s now-retired experimental space station, has become the first Chinese woman ____80____ (conduct) a spacewalk, while Zhai conducted China’s first spacewalk 13 years ago.
(2022·河南新乡·一模)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Scientists in New Zealand are developing drones (无人机) and small radars to follow insects to try to protect threatened species.
The new technology involves ___81___ (attach) radars to the insects to follow their movements. The devices connect ___82___ (electronical) to drones that will track the insects in real-time.
The team hopes the technology will lead to ___83___ deeper understanding of the country's troubled insect populations.
The research builds on years of experience in the area of bird conservation, ___84___ radio tracking methods have helped to protect many threatened species. But that technology had to be made much ___85___ (small) for use on insects.
Up to now, about 20 small "harmonic" devices that can be attached to insects ___86___ (make). The insects can then be tracked over wide areas by drones.
Steve Pawson, from the university's College of Engineering, said that bird-tracking technology is ___87___ made the researchers start looking for a similar ___88___ (solve) to follow insects.
The researchers plan to begin tests of the system on ground-based insects before moving to the greater complexities of tracking insects in flight. They hope ___89___ (begin) field testing by 2023.
The team says the research could possibly be useful in other scientific ____90____ (field) as well, such as biosecurity or medical imaging.
(2022·浙江·绍兴市柯桥区教师发展中心模拟预测)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Over the last 200 years, humans have become the dominant species on earth. As a result, the natural world ____91____(suffer)greatly. Today, almost half of the planet’s land is used for agriculture and food ____92____ (produce), forcing our wide spaces into dramatic retreat(消退). The global rate of extinction is ____93____ (high)than it’s ever been, while the climate crisis continues to speed up.
Therefore, many environmentalists are turning to “rewilding”, ____94____ is aimed at saving our disappearing biodiversity. So, what ____95____ (exact)is rewilding? In theory, the concept is simple: restore(修复)land, ____96____ let nature take back control. Currently, there are hundreds of rewilding projects taking place across Europe, ____97____ (spread)from the UK all the way down to the eastern Balkans.
For these projects to succeed, they need ____98____ special sort of person——highly skilled, and fiercely passionate individuals, or groups, willing to devote ____99____ (they)to the restoration of the wild. Because humans are responsible _____100_____ the terrible state of the natural world, only significant human effort will make positive changes to the damage done.
参考答案:
1.was released
2.disappearing
3.the
4.If
5.warmest
6.extremely
7.at
8.to continue
9.that##which
10.equipment
【解析】
【导语】
本文是新闻报道。文章讲述了一份新的联合国气候报告预测,非洲罕见的冰川将在未来20年内消失。
1.
考查动词语态和主谓一致。句意:这份名为《非洲气候状况》的报告是由联合国世界气象组织(WMO)和其他机构于周二发布的。分析句子可知,release是谓语动词,与主语The report是被动关系,由时间状语last Tuesday可知,用一般过去时,主语The report是第三人称单数,谓语动词用第三人称单数,故填was released。
2.
考查非谓语动词。句意:它警告说,气候变化将是导致东非消失的冰川的原因。分析句子可知,disappear作定语,修饰glaciers,disappear是不及物动词,disappear与逻辑主语glaciers是主动关系,用现在分词作定语,故填disappearing。
3.
考查冠词。句意:报告警告说,坦桑尼亚的乞力马扎罗山、肯尼亚的肯尼亚山和乌干达的鲁文佐里山的正在消融的冰川,是大范围气候变化即将到来的迹象。根据下文“at Mount Kilimanjaro in Tanzania, Kenya’s Mount Kenya and the Rwenzori Mountains in Uganda”可知,此处表示特指,修饰glaciers,故填the。
4.
考查连词。句意:报告称,如果以目前的萎缩速度继续下去,“到21世纪40年代将导致冰川完全消融”。根据句意,前文是后文的条件,用if引导条件状语从句,置于句首,首字母大写。故填If。
5.
考查形容词最高级。句意:报告指出,去年是非洲有记录以来第三热的一年。根据third以及下文的“on record”可知用形容词最高级,其后省略了year,表示“第三热的一年”。故填warmest。
6.
考查副词。句意:世界气象组织警告说,随着这个大陆以更快的速度变暖,非洲的13亿人口仍然“极其脆弱”。修饰形容词用副词作状语,故填extremely。
7.
考查介词。句意:世界气象组织警告说,随着这个大陆以更快的速度变暖,非洲的13亿人口仍然“极其脆弱”。at a…rate“以……速度”,是固定短语,故填at。
8.
考查不定式。句意:佩蒂瑞·塔拉斯,世界气象组织秘书长说大规模流离失所、饥饿以及日益增多的气候事件,诸如干旱和洪水等,很可能还会继续。be likely to do sth.“很可能做某事”是固定短语,故填to continue。
9.
考查定语从句。句意:他补充说,在非洲迫切需要投资,以开发能够帮助非洲大陆应对气候变化影响的系统和技术。分析句子可知,空格处引导定语从句,修饰“systems and technology”,指物,从句中作主语,用关系代词that或者which,故填that/which。
10.
考查名词。句意:这笔钱可以用来改善早期预警系统,并建造设备来更好地观察天气和水的流动。分析句子可知,空格处应名词作宾语,equipment“设备”是不可数名词,故填equipment.
11.extremely
12.its
13.joined
14.is made
15.comes
16.to
17.most
18.a
19.how
20.Cultural
【解析】
【导语】
本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了中国的空竹的历史、名字来源以及结构等情况。
11.
考查副词。句意:空竹在全世界都非常流行。修饰形容词popular应用副词extremely,作状语。故填extremely。
12.
考查代词。句意:它也被称为“中国的溜溜球”,现在的空竹确实是从中国的溜溜球发展而来的。修饰current form应用形容词性物主代词作定语。故填its。
13.
考查非谓语动词。句意:它由两根用绳子连接的杆和空竹本身组成,空竹是圆盘形的轮子,中间是一根木轴。分析句子结构可知join在句中应用非谓语动词形式,与逻辑主语rods构成被动关系,故用过去分词作定语。故填joined。
14.
考查时态语态。句意:中国空竹是用竹子做的,得名于空竹的空心。diabolo与make之间为被动关系,且此处讲述现在的情况,故用一般现在时的被动语态,谓语用单数。故填is made。
15.
考查主谓一致。句意:中国空竹是用竹子做的,得名于空竹的空心。陈述客观事实用一般现在时,the name为主语,谓语用第三人称单数形式。故填comes。
16.
考查介词。句意:“空”指中空,“竹”指竹子。结合句意表示“指……”可知短语为refer to。故填to。
17.
考查形容词最高级。句意:北京和天津制造的空竹最受欢迎。根据上文定冠词the,以及句意“最受欢迎”可知popular为形容词最高级。故填most。
18.
考查冠词。句意:空竹历史悠久。结合句意表示“历史悠久”可知短语为have a long history。故填a。
19.
考查宾语从句。句意:《明代北京景物简史》中记载了空竹的制作和人们玩空竹的方式。引导宾语从句,从句中缺少方式状语,故用how引导。故填how。
20.
考查形容词。句意:定陵出土的文物也彰显了这一悠久的历史,抖空竹已经有600多年的历史了。修饰名词relics应用形容词cultural作定语,句首单词首字母要大写。故填Cultural。
21.natural
22.a
23.were reflected
24.amazing
25.Slowly
26.me
27.who
28.to press
29.from
30.visitors
【解析】
【导语】
这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者作为一名自然摄影师,在野外拍摄时,偶遇一只熊的惊险故事。
21.
考查形容词。句意:我喜欢在自然环境中观察动物。根据后文名词environment可知,此处应用nature的形容词修饰名词,作定语。故填natural。
22.
考查冠词。句意:去年春天,我沿着一条小径穿过一片黑暗的森林。此处可数名词forest是可数名词单数概念,故用不定冠词限定,因所连接的单词dark以辅音音素开头,故填a。
23.
考查时态和语态。句意:一只鹰飞过白雪皑皑的群山,群山倒映在下面平静的湖面上。谓语动词reflect和主语之间是被动关系,根据前文flew可知,此处描述过去发生的动作,故用一般过去时的被动语态,非限制性定语从句引导词which替代先行词mountains作主语,为复数,主谓一致,故填were reflected。
24.
考查形容词。句意:当我集中精力拍摄这一惊人的事情时,我突然有一种被监视的感觉。根据后文名词thing可知,此处应用amaze以ing结尾的形容词,作定语,修饰事物。故填amazing。
25.
考查副词。句意:慢慢地,相机还举在我的眼睛上,我转过身来,怔住了。修饰动词turned应用副词。句首字母大写,故填Slowly。
26.
考查代词。句意:水从它浓密的棕色毛发上滚落下来,熊也盯着我。根据前文介词at可知,此处应用I的宾格作宾语。故填me。
27.
考查名词性从句。句意:时间静止了,熊和我都在等着看谁先行动。分析可知,此处引导宾语从句,根据句意,应用疑问代词who引导从句,表示“谁先行动”。故填who。
28.
考查非谓语动词。句意:不知怎么的,我强迫我的手指按下了按钮。force sb/sth to do sth“强迫某人或某物干某事”是固定句式,动词不定式作宾语补足语。故填to press。
29.
考查介词。句意:当我从震惊中恢复过来时,我看了看我的相机。recover from“从……恢复”是固定搭配。故填from。
30.
考查名词复数。句意:毕竟我们是他们世界的访客。根据前文we who are可知,此处应用名词visitor的复数形式作表语,语义一致。故填visitors。
31.but##yet
32.were rewarded
33.lower
34.comprehensively
35.which
36.by
37.to admire
38.description
39.headed
40.astonishing
【解析】
【导语】
这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者和兄弟去年去西藏旅行的见闻。
31.
考查连词。句意:西藏是一个我非常想去的地方,但它的偏远和我无法去耽误了我的旅程。根据句意可知,上下文为转折关系,应用but/yet连接。故填but/yet。
32.
考查时态和语态。句意:然而,一路上我们收获了最美的风景,交到了朋友,所有这些花费都比坐飞机便宜。空处为句子谓语动词,结合语境和下文and made判断为一般过去时,主语we和reward之间为被动关系,应用一般过去时的被动语态,主语是复数,故填were rewarded。
33.
考查形容词比较级。句意:然而,一路上我们收获了最美的风景,交到了朋友,所有这些花费都比坐飞机便宜。结合句子结构和than可知,此处应用形容词low的比较级lower修饰名词cost。故填lower。
34.
考查副词。句意:我们开始了拉萨之旅,观看朝圣者进行晨祷,全面探索宫殿。修饰后文非谓语动词exploring应用副词。故填comprehensively。
35.
考查定语从句。句意:我们在拉萨最好的餐厅之一吃了一顿令人难以置信的午餐,那里可以俯瞰大昭寺的美景。空处引导非限制性定语从句修饰指物的先行词one of the best restaurants in Lhasa,从句缺少主语,应用关系代词which引导。故填which。
36.
考查介词。句意:然后我们从拉萨出发,沿公路前往珠穆朗玛大本营。根据句意表示“沿公路,通过公路”用by road。故填by。
37.
考查固定短语。句意:沿途我们停下来欣赏羊卓克湖。结合句意表示“停下来去做某事”为stop to do sth.。故填to admire。
38.
考查名词。句意:它的美丽无法形容。此处应用名词作宾语,beyond description“无法形容,难以形容”,为固定表达。故填description。
39.
考查时态。句意:我们住在大本营旁边的一家宾馆里,在放下行李后,我们径直走出去看珠穆朗玛峰。分析可知,空处和上文stayed是并列的谓语动词,也应用一般过去时。故填headed。
40.
考查非谓语动词。句意:山顶直插云霄,以其难以置信的高度使我们吃惊。分析可知,逗号后部分是状语,空处应填非谓语动词,逻辑主语The tip of the mountain和astonish之间为主动关系,应用现在分词。故填astonishing。
【点睛】
41.depending
42.is called
43.who##that
44.showed
45.healthy
46.to have
47.A
48.to
49.elements
50.successfully
【解析】
【导语】
本文是一篇说明文。我们的身体可能比实际年龄年轻,也可能比实际年龄大,这取决于饮食、生活方式的选择和体育活动。
41.
考查非谓语动词。句意:我们的身体可能比实际年龄年轻,也可能比实际年龄大,这取决于饮食、生活方式的选择和体育活动。分析句子可知,句中已经有谓语动词be,因此空处应用非谓语动词形式,depend与主语之间为逻辑上的主谓关系,因此应用现在分词表主动。故填depending。
42.
考查动词时态及语态。句意:这被称为生物年龄,它可能与你驾照上的年龄不同,驾照上的年龄被称为实足年龄。结合句意可知,此处在讲述客观事实,句子用一般现在时,主语which指代先行词the age(第三人称单数),与call之间是被动关系。故填is called。
43.
考查定语从句。句意:最近一项对900多名26- 38岁的成年人进行了12年跟踪调查的研究表明,年龄增长更快的人身体不健康。分析句子可知,本句为定语从句,先行词adults指人,从句中缺主语,因此空处应用who或that。故填who/that。
44.
考查动词时态。句意:最近一项对900多名26-38岁的成年人进行了12年跟踪调查的研究表明,年龄增长更快的人身体不健康。结合句意可知,此处在讲述过去发生的事情,用一般过去时。故填showed。
45.
考查形容词。句意:最近一项对900多名26- 38岁的成年人进行了12年跟踪调查的研究表明,年龄增长更快的人身体不健康。分析句子结构,be动词were后应用形容词作表语 。故填healthy。
46.
考查动词不定式。句意:这组人也更有可能出现认知能力下降。be likely to do表示“可能做某事”为固定用法,符合句意。故填to have。
47.
考查冠词。句意:一项关于身体成长的研究证明,成功变老的关键是有规律的锻炼,保持忙碌的生活,保持健康的饮食,吃有营养的食物。结合句意可知,此处表示泛指,用不定冠词,research为辅音音素开头的单词,且置于句首,首字母大写。故填A。
48.
考查介词。句意:一项关于身体成长的研究证明,成功变老的关键是有规律的锻炼,保持忙碌的生活,保持健康的饮食,吃有营养的食物。the key to是固定短语,意为“......的关键”。故填to。
49.
考查名词。句意:这三个关键因素可以帮助你优雅地、成功地衰老。根据空前的These three可知,空处的名词应用复数形式。故填elements。
50.
考查副词。句意:这三个关键因素可以帮助你优雅地、成功地衰老。分析句子可知,空处应用副词作状语,修饰前面的动词contribute。故填successfully。
51.coming
52.It
53.on
54.which
55.are
56.brings
57.decorated
58.truly
59.activities
60.an
【解析】
【导语】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了冬至过后,将会“数九”,而“三九”是冬天最冷的时候,在此期间人们可以进行例如滑冰等一些活动。
【详解】
1.考查非谓语动词。句意:传统上,从冬至开始,中国人谈论冬天会将其分为九个时期,每个时期长达9天,这就是所谓的“数九”。介词about后面应用动名词coming,故填coming。
2.考查代词。句意:人们相信数九之后,天气会变暖,春天就要来了。“It is believed that+从句”是固定搭配,意为“据认为”,单词位于句首,首字母大写,故填It。
3.考查介词。句意:人们相信数九之后,天气会变暖,春天就要来了。On ones way是固定搭配,意为“在路上”,故填on。
4.考查定语从句。句意:第三个九天在中国被称为“三九”,指的是冬至后的第19-27天。分析句子结构可知,“________refers to the 19th-27th days after the day of the Winter Solstice.”是非限定性定语从句,先行词是“Sanjiu”,指物,在定语从句中做主语,应用which来引导,故填which。
5.考查主谓一致。句意:俗话说,三九时期是冬天最冷的时候。根据句意可知,句子描述的是客观事实,应用一般现在时,主语是the days,是复数,所以应用are,故填are。
6.考查时态。句意:在北方地区,冬季是一年中漫长的季节,而寒冷的天气有时会显示出许多城市的真实特征。分析句子结构可知,and前后连接两个句子,空处在and后面的句中做谓语,句子描述的是客观事实,应用一般现在时,且主语the cold weather和动词bring二者之间是主动关系,主语是单数,动词bring应用三单形式,故填brings。
7.考查非谓语动词。句意:比如在北京,用各种各样的彩灯装饰的冰雕,确实令人难以置信,除此之外,还有许多民间活动和焰火可以欣赏。分析句子结构可知,空处是非谓语动词做后置定语,修饰名词the ice sculptures(冰雕),且二者之间是被动关系,应用decorate的过去分词形式decorated,故填decorated。
8.考查副词。句意:比如在北京,用各种各样的彩灯装饰的冰雕,确实令人难以置信,除此之外,还有许多民间活动和焰火可以欣赏。形容词incredible(难以置信的)应用副词truly来修饰,意为“真正地”,故填truly。
9.考查名词单复数。句意:在湖上滑冰是最受欢迎的活动之一,甚至已经成为一年一度的传统。One of+可数名词复数,是固定搭配,表示“……之一”,故填activities。
10.考查冠词。句意: 在湖上滑冰是最受欢迎的活动之一,甚至已经成为一年一度的传统。此处表示“一个传统”,可数名词tradition(传统)前应用不定冠词来修饰,且annual(一年一度的)发音是以元音音素开头的,应用an而非a,故填an。
61.inventor
62.to advance
63.holding
64.fell
65.him
66.which
67.recently
68.a
69.discoveries
70.as
【解析】
【导语】
本文是一篇说明文。文章以爱迪生为例介绍了半睡半醒状态与创造力之间的关系。
61.
考查名词。句意:在1889年发表在《科学美国人》上的一篇采访中,这位一直精力充沛的灯泡发明者声称他每晚的睡眠时间从未超过四个小时。此处缺少表示身份的名词作主语,且为单数概念,故填inventor。
62.
考查非谓语动词。句意:然而,爱迪生可能依靠睡眠来提高他的创造力。此处表目的,用不定式作目的状语,故填to advance。
63.
考查非谓语动词。句意:据说爱迪生打盹时双手各拿一个球,以为当他睡着时,球会掉到地上,把他吵醒。此处为非谓语动词作状语,Edison与hold之间是逻辑上的主谓关系,用现在分词表主动,故填holding。
64.
考查时态。句意同上,陈述的是过去的事情,用一般过去时,故填fell。
65.
考查代词。句意同上,主语和宾语不一致,此处用代词宾格作动词wake的宾语,故填him。
66.
考查定语从句。句意:通过这种方式,他可以记住我们在打盹时出现的各种想法,而这些想法我们通常是不记得的。关系词指代先行词thoughts并在非限定性定语从句中作remember的宾语,应用关系代词which引导,故填which。
67.
考查副词。句意:最近发表在《科学进步》杂志上的一项新研究报告称,我们在半清醒状态下有一段短暂的创造力和洞察力,这种状态发生在我们开始进入睡眠状态时,即所谓的N1睡眠阶段,或非快速眼动睡眠阶段1。根据句意可知,此处缺少时间副词recently,作状语,故填recently。
68.
考查冠词。句意同上,此处泛指一个阶段,sleep的发音以辅音音素开头,应用不定冠词a,故填a。
69.
考查名词复数。句意:这些发现表明,如果我们能利用睡眠和清醒之间的界限模糊——被称为半睡半醒状态——我们可能会更容易回忆起我们的聪明想法。空后的动词原形show表明此处用复数名词作主语,故填discoveries。
70.
考查介词。句意同上,固定短语be known as“被称为”,此处省略be,用过去分词作后置定语,故填as。
71.left
72.carrying
73.assistance
74.months
75.longest
76.and
77.for
78.fully
79.who
80.to conduct
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇新闻报道。文章对中国三名宇航员的太空行走活动进行了报道。
71.
考查一般过去时。句意:王亚平和她的同伴翟志刚于周日离开中国空间站。根据后文“They spent more than six hours”(他们花了6个多小时)可知,事情发生在过去,应用一般过去时。故填left。
72.
考查动名词。句意:他们花了6个多小时安装设备,并在空间站外进行测试。“spend...(in) doing”意为“花时间做某事”,为固定搭配,此处用动名词作介词in的宾语。故填carrying。
73.
考查名词。句意:第三名船员叶光福留在空间站提供帮助。根据“stayed inside the station”可知,此处应用名词assistance表示“帮助”作动词provide的宾语。故填assistance。
74.
考查名词复数。句意:这三名宇航员是永久空间站的第二批工作人员,他们将在那里停留6个月。可数名词month意为“月份,月”,在six后应用复数形式。故填months。
75.
考查形容词最高级。句意:10月16日,他们抵达空间站,开始了此次太空任务。按计划,这将是中国宇航员在太空中停留时间最长的一次。根据“yet for Chinese astronauts”可知,此处是指这将是中国宇航员在太空中停留时间最长的一次,所以应用形容词最高级longest。故填longest。
76.
考查连词。句意:明年,空间站的天河舱将与另外两个区段“梦天”和“问天”连接。根据“two more sections”可知,此处应用连词and表示并列关系。故填and。
77.
考查介词。句意:计划进行三次太空行走,为空间站的扩张做准备,同时机组人员也将评估天河舱的生活条件,并在空间医学和其他领域进行实验。make preparations for意为“为……做准备”,为固定搭配,所以此处应用介词for。故填for。
78.
考查副词。句意:中国计划在未来两年内向空间站派遣多名宇航员,使其充分发挥作用。修饰形容词functional应用副词fully表示“充分地”作状语。故填fully。
79.
考查定语从句。句意:曾到过中国现已退役的实验空间站的王亚平成为中国第一位进行太空行走的女性,而翟志刚在13年前就进行了中国第一次太空行走。在非限制性定语从句中缺少主语,且先行词为Wang Yaping,所以应用关系代词who。故填who。
80.
考查动词不定式。句意:曾到过中国现已退役的实验空间站的王亚平成为中国第一位进行太空行走的女性,而翟志刚在13年前就进行了中国第一次太空行走。当名词被序数词first修饰时,应用to do不定式作后置定语。故填to conduct。
81.attaching
82.electronically
83.a
84.where
85.smaller
86.have been made
87.what
88.solution
89.to begin
90.fields
【解析】
【分析】
本文是说明文。主要介绍一项新的技术,涉及到把雷达附到昆虫上去追踪它们的行为。
81.
考查非谓语动词。句意:新的技术涉及到把雷达附到昆虫上去追踪它们的行为。根据句子结构和意思可知,这里考查动名词做宾语。故填attaching。
82.
考查副词。句意:这个设备电子的方式连接到无人机上,这将会实时跟踪昆虫。空处需填副词修饰动词“connect”。故填electronically。
83.
考查冠词。句意:这个团队希望这项技术将会促使对国家有麻烦的昆虫数量的更深的了解。understanding为可数名词,表示泛指,且deeper发音以辅音音素开头,需用不定冠词a修饰。故填a。
84.
考查连词。句意:这项研究建立在多年的对这个区域的鸟类保护区的经验,在这里,雷达跟踪技术曾经帮助保护许多受威胁的物种。空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词“the area of bird conservation”在从句中做地点状语,需用关系副词where引导。故填where。
85.
考查比较级。句意:但是,这项技术必须要做的小一点才能用在昆虫身上。much修饰比较级。故填smaller。
86.
考查谓语。句意:到目前为止,大约20个小的和谐设备被做好,可以被附昆虫身上。根据时间状语“Up to now”,可知,此处为现在完成时, devices和make为被动关系,需用被动语态,主语为复数名词,助动词用have。故填have been made。
87.
考查名词性从句。句意:来自于工程大学的Steve Pawson说,鸟跟踪技术就是使研究者们开始寻找类似的跟踪昆虫的解决办法的东西。空处引导表语从句,从句中缺少主语,指物,“什么”的意思。故填what。
88.
考查名词。句意:见第7题。根据句子结构和意思可知,这里考查名词作介词“for”的宾语,被形容词“a similar”修饰,所以用单数即可。故填solution。
89.
考查非谓语。句意:他们希望到2023年可以开始田地测试。hope to do sth.为固定短语,空处需填动词不定式作宾语。故填to begin。
90.
考查名词。句意:这个团队说,这项研究很可能在其它科学领域也可以用,比如生物安全或者医学成像。根据句子结构和意思可知,这里考查可数名词复数做介词“in”的宾语,被“other scientific”修饰,表示泛指。故填fields。
91.has suffered##has been suffering##suffers
92.production
93.higher
94.which
95.exactly
96.and
97.spreading
98.a
99.themselves
100.for
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇议论文。文章谈论了由于人类的发展,导致自然界遭受了巨大的损失,并呼吁只有人类的巨大努力才能对所造成的破坏做出积极的改变。
91.
考查动词时态。句意:结果,自然界遭受了巨大的损失。根据上文Over the last 200 years, humans have become the dominant species on earth句意可知,此处可用一般现在时,描述现在的状况,也可以用现在完成时表示过去的动作对现在的影响,也可以用现在完成进行时,表示过去开始的动作一直持续到现在,并有继续下去的趋势。主语为第三人称单数,主谓一致,故填has suffered/has been suffering/suffers。
92.
考查名词。句意:今天,地球上几乎一半的土地被用于农业和粮食生产,迫使我们广阔的空间急剧收缩。根据前文介词for可知,此处应用名词production作介词宾语,production是不可数名词。故填production。
93.
考查形容词比较级。句意:全球物种灭绝的速度比以往任何时候都要快,而气候危机却在继续加速。根据后文比较连词than可知,此处应用形容词比较级作表语。故填higher。
94.
考查定语从句。句意:因此,许多环保主义者正在转向“野生化”,这是为了拯救我们正在消失的生物多样性。分析句子可知,此处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词为前面主句部分,关系代词which引导从句,在从句中用作主语。故填which。
95.
考查副词。句意:那么,到底什么是野生化?修饰动词应用副词。故填exactly。
96.
考查连词。句意:理论上,这个概念很简单:恢复土地,让自然重新掌控一切。后文let nature take back control顺承前文,和前文是并列关系。故填and。
97.
考查非谓语动词。句意:目前,欧洲各地正在进行数百个野生化项目,从英国一直延伸到巴尔干半岛东部。分析可知,此处为非谓语,动词spread和主语之间是主动关系,故用其现在分词作状语。故填spreading。
98.
考查冠词。句意:为了使这些项目取得成功,他们需要一个特殊的人,一个技术高超、充满激情的个人或团体,愿意致力于野生动物的恢复,因为人类对自然界的可怕状态负有责任,只有人类的巨大努力才能对所造成的破坏做出积极的改变。后文名词短语special sort of person是可数名词单数,此处为泛指概念,应用不定冠词限定,所连接单词special发音以辅音音素开头,故填a。
99.
考查反身代词。句意:为了使这些项目取得成功,他们需要一个特殊的人,一个技术高超、充满激情的个人或团体,愿意致力于野生动物的恢复,因为人类对自然界的可怕状态负有责任,只有人类的巨大努力才能对所造成的破坏做出积极的改变。动词devote的动作对象是主语自身,应用they的反身代词作宾语,devote oneself to“献身于;致力于”是固定搭配。故填themselves。
100.
考查介词。句意:为了使这些项目取得成功,他们需要一个特殊的人,一个技术高超、充满激情的个人或团体,愿意致力于野生动物的恢复,因为人类对自然界的可怕状态负有责任,只有人类的巨大努力才能对所造成的破坏做出积极的改变。be responsible for“对……负责”是固定搭配,符合句意。故填for。
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