2021届全国卷新高考英语阅读与写作专题拓展提升（51）

2021全国卷新高考英语阅读与写作专题拓展提升（51） 如果只有一台呼吸机，该给谁用？
导读医生和医院该如何决定谁可以得到挽救生命的治疗，谁得不到？对于这样的困境，在冠状病毒大流行引发的医疗资源严重短缺之前就已经有了很多思考。 双语阅读 Facing this dilemma recently — who gets a ventilator or a hospital bed — Italian doctors sought ethical counsel and were told to consider an approach that draws onutilitarian principles. 最近面对这个两难局面——谁该用上呼吸机或得到一张医院病床，意大利医生寻求伦理建议，他们被告知要考虑采用功利主义原则。  In layman’s terms, a utilitarianism approach would maximize overall health by directing care toward those most likely to benefit the most from it. If you had only one ventilator, it would go to someone more likely to survive instead of someone deemedunlikely to do so. It would not go to whichever patient was first admitted, and it would not be assigned via a lottery system. (If there are ties within classes of people, then a lottery — choosing at random — is what ethicists recommend.) 用浅显易懂的话来说，功利主义方法会通过把护理留给最可能从中受益最大的人，从而使整体健康最大化。如果你只有一台呼吸机，它将被分配给更有可能生存下来的人，而非那些生存几率更小的人。它不分先来后到，也不会通过抽签分配。（如果不同阶层的人之间存在联系，那么伦理学家建议使用抽签——随机选择。）  In a recent article in The New York Times, a British researcher said, “There are arguments about valuing the young over the old that I am personally very uncomfortable with,” adding, “Is a 20-year-old really more valuable than a 50-year-old, or are 50-year-olds actually more useful for your economy, because they have experience and skills that 20-year-olds don’t have?” 在《纽约时报》最近的一篇文章中，一位英国研究人员说：“有人争论年轻人或是老人谁更有价值，对于我个人来说，这让我感到很不舒服，”他补充说，“一个20岁的年轻人真的比一个50岁的人更有价值吗？或者50岁的人实际上对经济更有帮助，因为他们拥有20岁人没有的经验和技能？”  Dr. Emanuel disagreed with that interpretation: “The 20-year-old has lived fewer years of life; they have been deprived of a full life. If they have roughly comparable prognoses, then the fact that the 20-year-old has not had a full life counts in their favor for getting scarce resources.” 伊曼纽尔不同意这种说法：“20岁的年轻人比老年人活过的时间更短；他们被剥夺了完整的人生。如果他们的预后大致相当，那么根据20岁的年轻人还没过上充实美满生活的事实，他们更有理由得到稀缺的资源。”  “Key is to be transparent about the principles, save as many lives as possible, and ensure that there are no considerations such as money, race, ethnicity or political pull that go into allocation of lifesaving resources such as ventilators,” said Dr. Tom Frieden, president and C.E.O. of Resolve to Save Lives and former director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. “决心拯救生命”的总裁兼首席执行官、前疾病控制与预防中心主任汤姆·弗里登博士说：““关键在于对分配原则保持公开透明，尽可能多的挽救生命，并且确保在分配呼吸机等救生资源时不掺杂金钱、种族、民族或政治影响等因素”1.我划分的句子是这样的:ensure that there are no consideration go into allocation of lifesaving resources但是political pull后面的that还有一些存疑，欢迎大家提出不同的意见 本文节选自：The New York Times（纽约时报）原文标题：Who Should Be Saved First? Experts Offer Ethical Guidance  词汇积累    1.dilemma英 [dɪˈlemə] 美 [dɪˈlemə]n. 困境、进退两难的窘境    2.ventilator英 [ˈventɪleɪtər] 美 [ˈventɪleɪtər]n. 通风装置、排气风扇、人工呼吸机    3.deem英 [diːm] 美 [diːm]vi. 认为、持某种想法、作某种评价vt. 认为、视作、相信    4.count英 [kaʊnt] 美 [kaʊnt]n. 总数、数数、事项、罪状、观点v. 数数、计算总数、把...算入、包括、重要、认为、接纳    5.allocation英 [ˌæləˈkeɪʃn] 美 [ˌæləˈkeɪʃn]n. 配给量、份额、分配 词组搭配    1.draw on   利用、吸收、戴上、临近    2.In layman’s terms   通俗地说  写作句总结In layman’s terms, a utilitarianism approach would maximize overall health by directing care toward those most likely to benefit the most from it.  结构：In layman’s terms, a/an … approach would maximize overall by ….通俗来说，…方法能通过…使利益最大化In layman’s terms, an eclectic approach would maximize overall by meeting the interests of all the parties as far as possible .