初中英语人教新目标 (Go for it) 版九年级全册Section A导学案

Unit6 SectionA

知识讲解

1. invent v. 发明；创造  

inventor n. 发明家    invention n. 发明

2. with prep. 有；带有；具有  

with作介词，常见的用法还有：

（1）意为＂和……一起＂，表示伴随。

（2）意为＂用……＂，表示使用某种工具、手段等。

（3）意为＂关于；对于；对……来说＂，表示关系等。

3. Is it really such a great invention? 它真的是如此了不起的一项发明吗？ 

(1)such＋a(an)＋adj.＋单数可数名词＋that从句。

(2)such＋adj.＋不可数名词＋that从句。

(3)such＋adj.＋名词复数＋that从句。

such (a/an) + adj. + n. 意为＂如此……的（一个）……＂。

4. It is said that...据说……；有人说……   

It is believed that...＂人们认为……＂；

It is reported that... ＂据报道……＂；

It is known that... ＂总所周知……＂；

It is supposed that...＂据猜测……＂。

5. thousand 数词 千   

（1）thousands of 表示概数，意为＂数以千计的；成千上万的＂，这时thousand后加—s，且后面有介词of，此时不能与数词连用。

（2）与thousand用法类似的词还有：hundred＂百＂；million＂百万＂；billion＂十亿＂。

专题练习

一、单项选择

1．I ________ like playing basketball. I play it every day after school.

A．easily B．nearly C．really D．well

2．The picture ________ in October, 1996.

A．was taking B．had been taken C．was taken D．had taken

3．—It is reported that the Shenzhou-13 spaceship ________ into space successfully on October 16th, 2021.

— How proud we Chinese are!

A．sent B．is sent C．was sent D．sends

4．Everyone is quite _______ to have a _______ trip.

A．pleased; pleasant B．pleasing; pleased 

C．pleasure; please D．pleasant; pleased

5．They have bought more than 14,000 books since the library ________ last month.

A．built B．will built C．was built

二、完型填空

    It has been more than two thousand years since we began to use an umbrella on rainy days. However, people often felt not convenient to hold an umbrella while working. Then the rubber raincoat was invented by an Englishman named Macintosh in 1823.

In 1492, Columbus, a well-known Italian voyager,    6    the New World—the American. He brought a lot of things to Europe from South America. Rubber was one of them,    7    people didn’t know its use at that time. In 1770, people found that the rubber could be used    8    erasers.

Macintosh was a worker in an eraser factory in Scotland. One day he spilled（洒出）some rubber liquid（液体）over his clothes    9    when making erasers. He was too busy to clean it and went back home wearing the    10    clothes. On the way home, it rained heavily. Having no umbrella, Macintosh had to run home quickly. When he got home, he    11    the wet clothes. To his surprise, the area of the    12    with rubber wasn’t wet. “Why not make a rubber raincoat?” Macintosh thought. The next day he brushed the rubber liquid all over a coat. He wore the “rubber coat” on    13    days and took a walk in the field to test if it    14    really keep off the rain.    15   , the clothes inside the “rubber coat” weren’t wet at all. The rubber raincoat was created in this way by chance.

The rubber raincoats soon appeared on the market. However, they were sticky in summer and hardened in winter. Year after year, people kept on improving the raincoats. Today raincoats are widely used in our daily lives.

6．A．invented B．created C．described D．discovered

7．A．and B．but C．or D．if

8．A．as B．to C．from D．by

9．A．slowly B．quickly C．carelessly D．carefully

10．A．new B．old C．clean D．dirty

11．A．took off B．put on C．look out D．put off

12．A．body B．clothes C．house D．liquid

13．A．cloudy B．windy C．snowy D．rainy

14．A．might B．should C．could D．must

15．A．Especially B．Suddenly C．Surprisingly D．Normally

三、阅读单选

What is the most important invention of all time? Is it the written word that helps us to record information? Is it the telephone that lets us talk to people from all over the world? Is it the car that lets us travel at great speeds to meet others? Umberto Eco, an Italian writer, thinks it is something quite different. He says the most important invention might be bright in front of your eyes. He is talking about a simple pair of glasses.

Modern eye glasses were invented around 1000 years ago. They were more than just a convenient way to read. Before glasses, writers, scientists or teachers who could not see properly had to memorize everything. After about ten years of poor eyesight, they could not remember well enough and could not work. Glasses meant that people could work in their old age.

People who wanted to remember some information could write it down and read it. Eye glasses are one of the world’s greatest inventions and were probably worn by the people who designed the first telephones and cars.

16．The invention of the written word is important because ____.

A．we need it to listen 

B．we need it to record information

C．we just need it to read

17．The author thinks ____ is the greatest invention of all time in his passage.

A．the telephone B．the car C．a simple pair of glasses

18．From this passage, we can know ____.

A．modern eye glasses were invented 100 years ago

B．people who designed the first telephones and cars probably wore those glasses

C．the author of this article is an American

四、用所给单词的正确形式填空

19．His body ______(find )in his wooden house this morning .

20．A number of mail-in-ballots(邮寄选票) needed ________ (count) in several states during the US presidential election.

21．It is said that the little boy _____(kidnap) last Sunday

22．This book ________ (write) by Guo Jingming last month.

23．The students didn’t understand the sentence until it ________ (explain) again.

五、完成句子

24．这个气球掉入水里，留在了那里。

The balloon ______________  ______________  the water and remained there.

25．毫无疑问，中国是世界上最大的国家之一。

China is ________ ________ one of the largest countries around the world.

26．凯特把这些草莓分成了五份。(汉译英)

These strawberries ________ five parts by Kate.

27．我想知道这段优美的曲子使他想到什么。

I wondered what ____________________________________________ the beautiful music.

28．据说它是世界上最昂贵的房子。

______________ ______________ ______________ it is the most expensive house in the world.

参考答案

一、单项选择

1．I ________ like playing basketball. I play it every day after school.

A．easily B．nearly C．really D．well

【答案】C

【详解】

句意：我非常喜欢打篮球。我每天放学后都打。

考查副词辨析。easily容易地；nearly几乎；really非常；极其；well好。根据“I play it every day after school.”可知，此处是我非常喜欢打篮球。故选C。

2．The picture ________ in October, 1996.

A．was taking B．had been taken C．was taken D．had taken

【答案】C

【详解】

句意：这张照片拍摄于1996年10月。

考查时态和语态。take拍摄，根据时间状语in October, 1996可知，此处用一般过去时，结合句意，主语the picture与谓语take之间是被动关系，因此谓语用被动语态，故选C。

3．—It is reported that the Shenzhou-13 spaceship ________ into space successfully on October 16th, 2021.

— How proud we Chinese are!

A．sent B．is sent C．was sent D．sends

【答案】C

【详解】

句意：——据报道，神舟十三号宇宙飞船于2021年10月16日成功送入太空。——我们中国人多么自豪啊！

考查被动语态。根据句意可知，空格所在句中的spaceship在句中作主语并且与动词send之间是被动关系；根据句中的时间“on October 16th, 2021”属于过去的时间，故句子考查一般过去时的被动语态。根据一般过去时的被动语态构成“was/were+动词的过去分词”，句子的主语（spaceship）是第三人称单数，故用was sent。故选C。

4．Everyone is quite _______ to have a _______ trip.

A．pleased; pleasant B．pleasing; pleased 

C．pleasure; please D．pleasant; pleased

【答案】A

【详解】

句意：每个人都很高兴有一个愉快的旅行。

考查形容词辨析。pleased高兴的，常用来修饰人；pleasant令人愉快的，常用作定语修饰物；pleasing令人愉悦的，修饰物；pleasure快乐/使愉悦；please使愉快。分析句子可知，前空作表语形容everyone，需用pleased；后空修饰名词trip作定语用pleasant，a pleasant trip“一次愉快的旅行”符合语境。故选A。

5．They have bought more than 14,000 books since the library ________ last month.

A．built B．will built C．was built

【答案】C

【详解】

句意：自上个月图书馆建成以来，他们已经购买了14000多本书。

考查一般过去时的被动语态。根据“since”可知，是“自从”之意，从句时态用一般过去时；再者根据“the library”和“build”可知，两者是被动关系，因此was built符合句意。故选C。

二、完型填空

    It has been more than two thousand years since we began to use an umbrella on rainy days. However, people often felt not convenient to hold an umbrella while working. Then the rubber raincoat was invented by an Englishman named Macintosh in 1823.

In 1492, Columbus, a well-known Italian voyager,    6    the New World—the American. He brought a lot of things to Europe from South America. Rubber was one of them,    7    people didn’t know its use at that time. In 1770, people found that the rubber could be used    8    erasers.

Macintosh was a worker in an eraser factory in Scotland. One day he spilled（洒出）some rubber liquid（液体）over his clothes    9    when making erasers. He was too busy to clean it and went back home wearing the    10    clothes. On the way home, it rained heavily. Having no umbrella, Macintosh had to run home quickly. When he got home, he    11    the wet clothes. To his surprise, the area of the    12    with rubber wasn’t wet. “Why not make a rubber raincoat?” Macintosh thought. The next day he brushed the rubber liquid all over a coat. He wore the “rubber coat” on    13    days and took a walk in the field to test if it    14    really keep off the rain.    15   , the clothes inside the “rubber coat” weren’t wet at all. The rubber raincoat was created in this way by chance.

The rubber raincoats soon appeared on the market. However, they were sticky in summer and hardened in winter. Year after year, people kept on improving the raincoats. Today raincoats are widely used in our daily lives.

6．A．invented B．created C．described D．discovered

7．A．and B．but C．or D．if

8．A．as B．to C．from D．by

9．A．slowly B．quickly C．carelessly D．carefully

10．A．new B．old C．clean D．dirty

11．A．took off B．put on C．look out D．put off

12．A．body B．clothes C．house D．liquid

13．A．cloudy B．windy C．snowy D．rainy

14．A．might B．should C．could D．must

15．A．Especially B．Suddenly C．Surprisingly D．Normally

【答案】

6．D

7．B

8．A

9．C

10．D

11．A

12．B

13．D

14．C

15．C

【分析】

文章大意：本文主要向我们介绍了橡胶雨衣的发明创造。下雨天拿雨伞工作是很不方便的，后来，橡胶雨衣是被一个叫做Macintosh的英国人在1823年发明的。文章具体介绍了他因忙于工作而没有清洗不小心倒在他衣服上的橡胶液体，结果倒有橡胶液体的衣服的那一块没有被雨淋湿，因此他靠这种偶然的方式发明了雨衣。后来，人们不断改进雨衣。今天，雨衣在我们的日常生活中被广泛使用。

6．句意：1492年，著名的意大利航海家哥伦布发现了新大陆——美洲新大陆。

考查动词及语境理解。A. invented发明；B. created创造；C. described描述；D. discovered发现。根据the New World—the American.结合常识可知，意大利航海家哥伦布在1492年发现了新大陆——美洲新大陆，故答案选D。

7．句意：他从南美洲给欧洲带来了很多东西。橡胶就是其中之一，但当时人们并不知道它的用途。

考查连词及语境理解。A. and和，表示并列关系；B. but但是，表示转折关系；C. or或者，表示选择关系；D. if假如、如果，表示条件。根据He brought a lot of things to Europe from South America. Rubber was one of them,以及people didn’t know its use at that time，可知前后句句意之间是转折关系，所以应用but来连接，故答案选B。

8．句意：1770年，人们发现橡胶可以被用作橡皮擦。

考查介词及语境理解。A. as作为、用作；B. to到、向；C. from从、来自；D. by被、由。根据people found that the rubber could be used __3__ erasers.可知句意为“人们发现橡胶可以被用作橡皮擦”，此处表达的意思是“用作、当作”，be used as“被当作……使用”，故答案选A。

9．句意：有一天，他在做橡皮时不小心地把一些橡胶液体洒在衣服上。

考查副词及语境理解。A. slowly慢慢地；B. quickly迅速地；C. carelessly粗心地、不小心地；D. carefully小心地。根据when making erasers，以及he spilled some rubber liquid over his clothes，可知应是在做橡皮时不小心地把一些橡胶液体洒在衣服上了，故答案选C。

10．句意：他太忙了，没时间清洁它，就穿着脏衣服回家了。

考查形容词及语境理解。A. new新的；B. old旧的；C. clean干净的；D. dirty脏的。联系上文可知他在做橡皮时不小心地把一些橡胶液体洒在衣服上了，由He was too busy to clean it他太忙了，以至于没有时间去清理它，可知他是穿着脏衣服就回家了，故答案选D。

11．句意：当他回到家时，他脱掉了湿衣服。

考查动词短语及语境理解。A. took off脱下；B. put on穿上；C. look out小心；D. put off推迟。根据When he got home, he __6__ the wet clothes. 结合常识可知，他被雨淋湿了，所以回家以后，应该是把湿衣服脱下，故答案选A。

12．句意：令他惊讶的是，有橡胶液体的地方衣服没有湿。

考查名词及语境理解。A. body身体；B. clothes衣服；C. house房子；D. liquid液体。根据下文“Why not make a rubber raincoat?” Macintosh thought. The next day he brushed the rubber liquid all over a coat. “为什么不做一件橡胶雨衣呢?”Macintosh想，第二天，他把橡胶液在衣服上都刷了一遍；结合To his surprise, the area of the __7__ with rubber wasn’t wet.可知是他惊讶有橡胶液体的地方“衣服”没有湿，所以他才想做一件橡胶雨衣，故答案选B。

13．句意：在下雨天，他穿上那件“橡胶外套”，在田野里散步。

考查形容词及语境理解。A. cloudy多云的；B. windy有风的；C. snowy下雪的；D. rainy下雨的。根据上文可知他把橡胶液在衣服上都刷了一遍，做了一件“橡胶雨衣”，结合He wore the “rubber coat” on __8__ days，可知应是在下雨天，他穿上那件“橡胶雨衣”，故答案选D。

14．句意：在下雨天，他穿上那件“橡胶外套”，在田野里散步，以检验它是否真的能挡雨。

考查情态动词及语境理解。A. might也许；B. should应该；C. could能、能够；D. must必须、一定。根据He wore the “rubber coat” on ___8___ days and took a walk in the field to test if it ___9___ really keep off the rain.可知是在下雨天，穿上“橡胶外套”，在田野里散步”，目的是检验它是否真的能够挡雨，所以could符合语境，故答案选C。

15．句意：令人惊讶的是，“橡胶外套”里面的衣服一点也不湿。

考查副词及语境理解。A. Especially特别、尤其；B. Suddenly突然；C. Surprisingly    令人惊讶地；D. Normally正常地。根据下文the clothes inside the “rubber coat” weren’t wet at all. “橡胶外套”里面的衣服一点也不湿，可知这是令人惊讶的，故答案选C。

三、阅读单选

What is the most important invention of all time? Is it the written word that helps us to record information? Is it the telephone that lets us talk to people from all over the world? Is it the car that lets us travel at great speeds to meet others? Umberto Eco, an Italian writer, thinks it is something quite different. He says the most important invention might be bright in front of your eyes. He is talking about a simple pair of glasses.

Modern eye glasses were invented around 1000 years ago. They were more than just a convenient way to read. Before glasses, writers, scientists or teachers who could not see properly had to memorize everything. After about ten years of poor eyesight, they could not remember well enough and could not work. Glasses meant that people could work in their old age.

People who wanted to remember some information could write it down and read it. Eye glasses are one of the world’s greatest inventions and were probably worn by the people who designed the first telephones and cars.

16．The invention of the written word is important because ____.

A．we need it to listen 

B．we need it to record information

C．we just need it to read

17．The author thinks ____ is the greatest invention of all time in his passage.

A．the telephone B．the car C．a simple pair of glasses

18．From this passage, we can know ____.

A．modern eye glasses were invented 100 years ago

B．people who designed the first telephones and cars probably wore those glasses

C．the author of this article is an American

【答案】

16．B

17．C

18．B

【分析】

这篇短文主要讲述了一直来什么是最重要的发明，作者认为最重要的发明是一副眼镜。

16．根据文中Is it the written word that helps us to record information?可知，我们需要它记录信息。故选B。

17．根据文中He says the most important invention might be bright in front of your eyes. He is talking about a simple pair of glasses.可知，作者认为一副简单的眼镜是最重要的发明。故选C。

18．根据文中Before glasses, writers, scientists or teachers who could not see properly had to memorize everything. After about ten years of poor eyesight, they could not remember well enough and could not work. Glasses meant that people could work in their old age.可知，设计第一部电话和汽车的人可能戴着那些眼镜。故选B。

四、用所给单词的正确形式填空

19．His body ______(find )in his wooden house this morning .

【答案】was found

【详解】

句意：今天早上在他的木屋里发现了他的尸体。this morning今天早上，用于一般过去时；His body是动词find的受动者，需用被动语态，单数人称系词需用was；根据句意语境和英文提示，可知填was found。

20．A number of mail-in-ballots(邮寄选票) needed ________ (count) in several states during the US presidential election.

【答案】to be counted

【详解】

句意：在美国总统选举期间，一些州需要对邮寄选票进行清点。根据语境可知，主语mail-in-ballots与动词count之间为被动关系，故应用“need to be done”的结构，故填to be counted。

21．It is said that the little boy _____(kidnap) last Sunday

【答案】was kidnapped

【详解】

句意：据说那个小男孩上星期天被绑架了。the little boy（小男孩）是动词kidnap的受动者，需用被动语态；last Sunday上个星期天，用于一般现在时；主语the little boy是单数第三人称，系词需用was，即“was + done”结构；根据句意语境和英文提示，可知填was kidnapped。

22．This book ________ (write) by Guo Jingming last month.

【答案】was written

【详解】

句意：这本书是郭敬明上个月写的。write写；last month上个月，是一般过去时的标志；主语book是动词write的承受者，需用be done被动语态结构；结合book是单数第三人称，系词需用was，故填was written。

23．The students didn’t understand the sentence until it ________ (explain) again.

【答案】was explained

【详解】

句意：直到这个句子再次被解释，学生们才理解它。“it”指的是“sentence”，与所给词“explain”之间是被动关系，要用被动语态；根据“didn’t”可知，句子的时态为一般过去时；再根据主语 “it”是第三人称单数，故填was explained。

五、完成句子

24．这个气球掉入水里，留在了那里。

The balloon ______________  ______________  the water and remained there.

【答案】fell    into   

【详解】

掉入：fall into；根据后句“and remained there.”时态可知，空处所在的句子也应用一般过去时，动词用过去式fell。故填fell；into。

25．毫无疑问，中国是世界上最大的国家之一。

China is ________ ________ one of the largest countries around the world.

【答案】without    doubt   

【详解】

毫无疑问：without doubt，固定短语。故填without；doubt。

26．凯特把这些草莓分成了五份。(汉译英)

These strawberries ________ five parts by Kate.

【答案】were divided into

【详解】

根据中英文对照可知，divide…into…“把……分成……”。由“by”可知，本句是被动语态，即草莓被分成五份；动作发生在过去，应为一般过去时，即本句是一般过去时的被动语态，结构是was/were done，主语These strawberries是复数，故用were，divide用其过去分词形式。故填were divided into。

27．我想知道这段优美的曲子使他想到什么。

I wondered what ____________________________________________ the beautiful music.

【答案】he was reminded of by

【详解】

本句为宾语从句，所以语序要用陈述语序。通过中英文句子对照可知，英文句子中缺少“使某人想起什么”的表达，即remind sb of sth.，但对于某人来讲就是“被想起、被提醒”，所以用被动语态be reminded of，由前面的wondered可知，句子时态用一般过去时，所以be动词用was；指出动作的执行者用by。故填he was reminded of by。

28．据说它是世界上最昂贵的房子。

______________ ______________ ______________ it is the most expensive house in the world.

【答案】It’s    said    that   

【详解】

根据中英文对比可知，挖空处应填“据说……”的英文表达，即“It’s said that...”。故填It’s；said；that。