Unit 6 表达 作文巧升格 教材讲解 2021-2022学年 外研版（2019）高中英语必修第一册

写一篇概要写作

本单元的写作项目是写一篇概要。概要写作是在正确理解文章的基础上，在不改变原文中心思想、体裁和结构的前提下，用简明、精练的语句高度浓缩文章的主要内容和观点。

[写作步骤]

1．览全文，定体裁。阅读整篇文章，找出作者的写作目的；

2．划要点，省细节。再次阅读文章，找出并总结出每段的主旨句或关键词；

3．析结构，换表达。运用恰当的连接方式，把主旨句连接成逻辑连贯的语段。

[常用词块]

1．be famous for it unique flavor

因其独特的风味而出名

2．the newly­built part dating/traced back to the Tang Dynasty

新建的部分可以追溯到唐朝

3．have witnessed great changes in natural environment

已经见证了自然环境的诸多变化

4．be of great value in medicine

在药用方面有极大的价值

5．speak highly/poorly of its effect

对其效果评价很高/很低

6．a big problem waiting for us to deal with

亟待我们处理的一大问题

7．find a way out to solve the present conflict

找到解决当前的冲突的办法

8．reduce people's pressure in work and study

减轻人们工作以及学习方面的压力

9．give us a real sense of happiness of enjoying nature

给我们一种真正的享受自然的幸福感

10．provide a fresh experience of gardening for us

提供一种全新的园艺体验

[常用语句]

1．议论文可用以下开头语：

(1)The passage/author argues that...

本文/作者主张……

(2)The passage/author highlights the importance of...

本文/作者强调了……的重要性。

(3)The passage/author discusses the impact of...

本文/作者讨论了……的影响。

(4)The passage/author compares...with...

本文/作者比较了……与……

2．说明文可用以下开头语：

(1)According to the passage/article，we can know...

根据文章我们可知……

(2)This passage/article is mainly about...

这篇文章主要是关于……

(3)In the passage，the writer/author mainly tells us...在这篇文章中作者主要告诉我们……

(4)A new study found...一个新的研究发现……

(5)The purpose of the report is to show...

这一报告的目的是表明……

阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。

The familiar yellow school bus is the largest system of mass transportation in the US and every school day transports roughly 25 million young people to school and home again after the school day ends.Meanwhile，they are the safest method for getting kids to and from school，according to the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA).Children are 70 times more likely to arrive at school safely on the school bus than if they had travelled to school driving themselves or riding with friends.

These school buses meet more of the nation's motor vehicle safety standards than any other vehicles on the road.Also，several new technologies available today are making school buses even safer，such as video cameras on the inside and outside，stop arm cameras，GPS tracking and collision lessening systems.Another safety tool on school buses is high seat backs，closely­spaced seats and energy­absorbing seating.

But even the safeness of school buses would not completely sum up why children are safer when riding the big，yellow bus.The bus is only as safe as the professional men and women who drive them.All drivers must obtain a Class B or C Commercial Driver's License(CDL).They are randomly tested for alcohol and drugs，usually have their driving record checked，and are given the same review for criminal history as teachers and other employees who have contact with students.In order to serve as a school bus driver，most applicants are required to successfully complete a training course，along with instruction in the classroom and behind the wheel.

School buses are safe for the environment，not only because each bus replaces 36­passenger cars that would，but for the buses，be on the road taking and picking up school children.Additionally，school buses use alternative green fuels like natural gas，and electric power.

Todd Monteferrario，President of the National School Transportation Association，said parents should remember that the safest and smartest choice is to put their children on the big yellow bus when they can.

[学生习作]

The familiar yellow school bus is the largest system of mass transportation and they are the safest method for getting kids to and from school.(要点1)These school buses meet more of the nation's motor vehicle safety standards and several new technologies available today are making school buses even safer.(要点2)Another safety tool on school buses is high seat backs，closely­spaced seats and energy­absorbing seating.(要点3)

名师点评：

1．能够找出主题句，但是存在原文照搬现象，未能总结归纳；

2．文中的要点不够齐全，文章未能读透彻；

3．主题句的衔接过于简单。

[升格作文]

The school bus is the safest and wisest choice to school in the US for the following reasons.(要点1)Firstly，school buses not only meet high vehicle safety standards but also are technologically equipped.(要点2)Secondly，the bus drivers have to pass strict qualification tests and safety driving trainings.(要点3)Thirdly，school buses，powered by green fuels，are environmentally safe by reducing the number of private cars hitting the roads.(要点4)Therefore，children are encouraged to go to school by school bus.(要点5)

阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。

Environmental problems are becoming more and more serious all over the world.For example，cars have made the air unhealthy for people to breathe and poisonous gases are given off by factories.Trees on the hills have been cut down and waste water is being poured continuously into rivers.Furthermore，wherever we go today，we can find rubbish carelessly disposed (处理).

There are different kinds of pollutants，each of which comes from different sources.It is necessary to identify the source of pollution，in order to make a policy to get rid of them.Different products，processes and activities of our industrialized world together form the major source of pollution.

The forms of pollution can be mainly divided into three kinds—solids，liquid and gas.These pollutants have greatly damaged our planet and continue to do so.In fact，pollution is threatening our existence.The whole ecological balance of the earth is changing.Massive destruction of environment has brought about negative effects and even posed a great threat to man's existence.

We must face the situation that exists and take action to solve our environmental problems.For instance，new laws must be passed to place strict control over industrial pollution; the public must receive the education about the danger of pollution and raise their awareness of protecting the environment and so on.

The earth is our home and we have the duty to take care of it for ourselves and our later generations.Fortunately，more and more people have realized these problems.Measures have been taken to deal with these situations by the government.And laws have been passed to stop pollution，I hope the problems will be solved in the near future and our home will become better and better.

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[参考范文]　

The global environment is becoming worse because of various pollutants related to the industrial world.(要点1)In the forms of gas，solids and liquid，these pollutants are becoming a major threat to the earth and human survival.Therefore，we have to face it directly and spare no effort to handle it.(要点2)Luckily，people have been aware of the urgency of environmental protection and the government has taken action to solve these problems，which surely will help make our earth better.(要点3)