人教版 (2019)必修 第一册Unit 4 Natural disasters学案

这是一份人教版 (2019)必修 第一册Unit 4 Natural disasters学案，共26页。

Unit 4 Natural Disasters
Listening and Talking& Reading for Writing
Prepare for a disaster
Ⅰ. 话题句式
1. A strong earthquake hit Ecuador yesterday.
昨天厄瓜多尔发生了一场大地震。
2. Rescue workers and soldiers are working day and night to make sure that people are safe.
救援工人和士兵们正日夜工作, 确保人们安全。
3. I’d like to know what we can do to prevent natural disasters. 我想知道我们能做什么来阻止自然灾害。
4. There’s no way to prevent earthquakes and storms.
没有办法阻止地震和暴风雨。
5. We can keep them from being disastrous.
我们可以阻止它们成为灾难性的。
6. First of all, you should do prevention because it is more important than any other measure.
首先, 你应该做预防, 因为它比任何其他措施都重要。
7.Stay calm and we had better stay indoors and make sure that the doors and windows are closed tightly.
保持镇静, 我们最好待在室内, 确保门窗紧闭。
Ⅱ. 情境交际
听录音补全对话
Teacher: Thank you, Mrs Fors. That was a great presentation! Class, do you have any questions for Mrs Fors?
Student 1: Mrs Fors, I think you’re a hero. And Lucky is very cute. I’d like to know what we can do to prevent ①natural disasters.  
Ms Fors: Well, there’s no way to prevent earthquakes and storms. But if ②we prepare, we can keep them from becoming disasters that kill or injure people. To be ready, we should make a safety list of what to do, where to go, and who to contact.  
Student 1: So what should we do if there’s an earthquake?
Ms Fors: Remember to “drop, cover, and ③hold on”. Drop down onto your hands and knees, cover your head with your hands, and stay away from glass, windows, or anything that could fall. You could find cover under a desk or table. Hold on to the desk or table so it doesn’t ④move away from you.  
Teacher: What should we do if we’re outside when an earthquake happens?
Ms Fors: Go to an open space away from buildings, trees, or power lines.
Student 2: And what about after an earthquake?
Ms Fors: Well, if you’re ⑤trapped, you can use a cell phone to call or text for help. You can also tap on a pipe or a wall, or whistle for help. That way Lucky and I can find you!
Student 2: I have a question for Lucky. Do you like being ⑥a rescue dog?  
Ms Fors: Lucky, what do you say?
[Sound of dog barking twice]
Teacher: I think he says he’s a lucky dog. [They laugh. ]
Ⅰ. 话题词汇
1. a strong earthquake 　　　 一场大地震
2. tap on a pipe 轻敲管道
3. help the survivors 帮助幸存者
4. first aid kit 急救箱
5. be caught/ trapped in 陷入/被困于……
6. rescue. . . from. . . 从……中援救……
7. volunteers and rescue workers 志愿者和救援人员
8. emergency supplies 应急物品
9. make sure that. . . 确保……
10. safety instructions 安全指令
Ⅱ. 听说演练
　　李雷正在参加一场主题为“如何预防自然灾害”的演讲比赛, 他正在对如何应对地震展开论述……
Good morning, everyone,
I’m Li Lei, and it’s my honor to give a speech about earthquake prevention. There happened earthquakes in many places recently. The earthquake could cause significant damage. So ①how to keep safe during an earthquake (如何在地震期间保持安全)has become an important issue. Here are some guidelines.  
Firstly, don’t be nervous and keep calm. Try to get into ②an open area away from trees(一片远离树木的空地), buildings, walls, signs, power lines and anything else that might fall on you if you are outdoors. Secondly, if you are indoors, stay there. Quickly move to a safe place in the room such as under a strong desk. ③Cover your head and neck with your arms and hands(用手和胳膊覆盖你的头和脖子). The goal is to protect yourself from falling objects. Avoid taking cover near windows, large mirrors and hanging objects. Thirdly, ④never use the lift(绝对不要使用电梯).  
Though we can’t stop earthquakes, ⑤we can reduce the damage that earthquakes bring us(我们能够减少地震给我们带来的破坏) if we take right measures.  

Ⅰ. 必备单词: 根据提示填写单词
1. have enough supplies　　　　　 有足够的供给
2. be destroyed by the typhoon 被台风破坏
3. be damaged by the hurricane 被飓风损坏
4. tap on a pipe 敲打管道
5. stay calm 保持冷静
6. crash into coastlines 撞向海岸线
7. huge waves 巨大的海浪
8. a storm struck the city 一个风暴袭击了城市
9. difficult to deliver food 难以运送食物
10. the length of the text 文章的长度
11. the volcano erupted 火山爆发了
→a sudden eruption(n. ) 一起突然的爆发
12. survived the earthquake 在地震中幸存下来
→the only survivor(n. ) 唯一的幸存者
→a chance of survival(n. ) 一个存活的机会
13. power lines电线→powerful(adj. )强大的; 有力量的
14. an emergency number 紧急电话号码
→some emergent(adj. ) events 一些突发事件
Ⅱ. 必备短语: 英汉双译
1. in the open air　　　　 露天; 在户外 
2. first aid kit 急救箱 
3. on hand 现有(尤指帮助) 
4. sweep away 消灭; 彻底消除 
5. stand at 达到(特定数量)
6. at least 至少
7. stay away from 远离
8. make sure 确保
9. in danger 处于危险中
根据课文及汉语提示补全下列句子
1. Fishermen, tourists, hotels, homes and cars were swept away by huge waves caused by the strong earthquake that reached a magnitude of 9. 0.  
渔民、游客、酒店、住房和汽车都被9. 0级强震所引发的巨浪卷走。
2. Indian officials said as many as 1, 900 had been killed along the southern coast.  
印度官员称, 南部海岸地区有多达1 900人丧生。
3. I was having breakfast with my three children when water started filling my home.  
当时我和我的三个孩子正在吃早饭, 海水开始灌进我的家里。
4. However, dangerous conditions and damaged roads will make it difficult to deliver food and supplies. 然而, 由于条件险恶和道路受损, 食物运送和物资补给将非常困难。 

概要写作

框架宏观建构: 整体理解
1. Time→7: 00 a. m. , Sunday
Place→Indonesia, India, Thailand, Malaysia and at least four other countries
Event→a tsunami
Cause→an undersea quake
Effect→more than 6, 500 people were killed
Following event→ foreign aid
2. Read the passage and fill in the blanks.
　　The passage is about a tsunami (1)caused by an undersea quake (2)striking the west coast of Indonesia’s Sumatra Island, (3)killing more than 6, 500 people.
文本微观剖析: 特色表达
掌握下列表达灾害导致破坏的句子
①Fishermen, tourists, hotels, homes, and cars were swept away by huge waves.
②The number of deaths stood at 2, 498, and one million more were affected by the tsunami.
③Thousands of people are still missing, and the number of deaths is expected to grow even higher over the next few days.

1. 题型特点
概要写作就是在整体把握原文的前提下, 用自己简洁、精练的语言, 对原文的主旨大意进行高度的浓缩, 写出一篇语义连贯的短文。
《普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语科考试说明》对概要写作的题型要求为: 提供一篇350词以内的短文, 要求考生基于该短文写出一篇60词左右的内容概要。
概要写作要注意以下几点:
(1)客观性:
概要写作其实是一种客观的复述, 在正确理解原文的基础上, 用自己的语言真实地再现作者的思想, 写作内容要全面, 既不能漏掉任何要点, 也不能随意增加内容。特别需要注意的是, 考生不能对原文进行解释和评论, 也不能掺杂任何个人想法, 或做出任何评判。
(2)简洁性:
能简则简, 避免繁复。概要写作是一种对原文“浓缩”后产生的新语篇, 通过删除细节, 减少例证, 简化描述以及去除重复来实现语言的简洁性, 但是简洁的同时还要做到意义完整。
(3)连贯性:
概要写作并不是写提纲那样只是罗列要点。写概要时, 必须在各要点之间增加一些体现逻辑的关系词, 使概要衔接紧密、脉络清晰。写出的概要读起来要完整连贯、独立成篇。
2. 常用句式
(1)描写某事物的性质功能。即“对象+性质功能+利弊”: (In the passage )The writer introduces. . . to us, especially its. . . , from which we know. . .
(2)针对某个问题提出解决方法或措施。即“问题+解决方法”: The passage tells us. . . So the author tells us how to. . . including. . .
(3)介绍某现象及其原因、结果。即“现象+原因+结果”: The author talks about. . . It is caused by. . . As a result(Consequently). . .
话题词汇
①extreme weather　　　 极端天气
②natural disasters 自然灾害
③make a difference 有影响, 有关系
④and so on 等等; 诸如此类
⑤millions of 数百万的
⑥countless 无数的; 数不尽的
⑦damage 毁坏
⑧cut down 削减; 砍倒
⑨plenty of 足够的; 大量的
⑩protect 保护

请阅读下面短文写一篇60词左右的概要。
The earthquake that hit San Francisco on April 18, 1906 shook down hundreds of thousands of dollars’ worth of walls and chimneys (烟囱). But the fire that followed burned up hundreds of millions of dollars’ worth of buildings and homes. Never before in history has a city been so completely destroyed. San Francisco is gone. The factories, the great stores and newspaper buildings, the hotels, and the great houses of the rich are all gone.
On Wednesday morning at a quarter past five came the earthquake. A moment later, the disaster was a fact. South of Market Street, in the working-class neighborhoods and in the factories, fires started. Within an hour after the earthquake, the smoke of San Francisco’s fires could be seen 100 miles away. The sun was red in the dark sky. There was no stopping the fires. The firefighters to whom the task was given did their best but there was no way to organize or communicate. The steel railway tracks were now useless. And the great pipes for carrying water under the streets had burst. All of the ways man had made to keep the city safe were gone in the thirty seconds the earth moved.
By Wednesday afternoon, half of the heart of the city was gone. At that time, I watched the disaster from a ship on the bay (海湾). Out at sea it was calm. No wind came up. Yet from every direction—east, west, north, and south—strong winds blew upon the unlucky city and those whose homes had once stood in its green hills. Wednesday night saw the destruction of the very heart of the city. Man himself had to make ruins of some of the city’s best buildings so that they would not be a danger to those in the streets. Tens of thousands who had lost their homes left the city to look for shelter from the fire. Some were dressed only in blankets and carried the things that they had been able to rescue from the fires. But there were no fights and no pushing or shoving. Somehow this worst of disasters brought out the best in the survivors. Never in all San Francisco’s history were her people so kind as on that terrible night.



完成句子
1. A great earthquake struck San Francisco on April 18th, 1906.  
一场大地震在1906年4月18日袭击了旧金山。
2. The earthquake left the city completely destroyed.  
这场地震使这座城市被完全破坏。(leave)
3. When night fell, homeless people saw the awful destruction.  
当夜晚降临的时候, 无家可归的人们看到了可怕的破坏。(destruction)
4. Homeless people escaped the city to find shelter.  
无家可归的人们逃离这座城市寻找避难之所。
句式升级
5. 用现在分词作结果状语连接句1、句2。
A great earthquake struck San Francisco on April 18th, 1906, leaving the city completely destroyed.  
6. 用现在分词作时间状语连接句3、句4。
When night fell, seeing the awful destruction, homeless people escaped the city to find shelter.  

　　A great earthquake struck San Francisco on April 18th, 1906, leaving the city completely destroyed. It was at 5: 15 am that the quake began, and later fires started in South of Market Street and the city was left without means of communication or transportation. By the afternoon, half of the heart of the city had disappeared. When night fell, seeing the awful destruction, homeless people escaped the city to find shelter. Although in disaster, people had shown their greatest kindness.  

1. supply n. 供应(量); 补给; [pl. ]补给品 vt. 供应; 供给
(教材原句)The supplies which were provided to the disaster area were collected from around the country.
提供给灾区的补给是从全国各地收集起来的。
【词块积累】
(1)supply and demand　　　　 供应与需求
a good/large supply of 大量的/充足的供应
in short supply 供应不足
把某物提供/供应给某人/某物
①The heart of the problem is the relationship between supply and demand.  
问题的核心是供求关系。
②It is generally believed that there is a good supply of fresh water.  
一般认为, 淡水供应很充足。
③A very important reason is that the house is in short supply. 一个非常重要的原因是, 房子供不应求。 
④We should eat fresh vegetables and fruit every day, which supply rich and necessary vitamins to us.
每天我们都应该吃些新鲜的蔬菜和水果, 以保证给身体提供充足必需的维生素。
2. survive vi. 生存; 存活　vt. 幸存; 艰难度过
(教材原句)She’s feeding the baby who survived the earthquake. 她正在喂养一个在地震中幸存下来的婴儿。
【词块积累】
(1)survive sth. 　 幸免于; 从……中挺过来/活过来
survive on 依靠……生存
(2)survivor n.幸存者
survival n. [U]幸存; [C]残存物
①He survived the difficulties at the beginning of his life, and finally achieved success through his own efforts.  
他挺过了早期生活中的困难, 最终, 通过自己的努力获得成功。
②Baptiste Dubanchet is biking across Europe, surviving on discarded food.  
Baptiste Dubanchet骑行穿越欧洲, 依靠丢弃的垃圾过活。
③Later all the survivors were rescued including Matrone’s wife.
随后, 所有的幸存者都被救了, 包括Matrone的妻子。
④All animals have an instinct to seek survival.
动物都有求生的本能。
【熟词生义】
He died in 1940, but his wife survived him by another 20 years. (vt. 比……活得长)
他在1940年去世, 但他的妻子比他多活了20年。
survive 易错误区
survive表示“幸免于”时, 是及物动词, 因而不要加多余的介词in, from等。
3. aid n. 援助; 帮助; 救援物资　vi. &vt. (formal)帮助; 援助
(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)Without his aid, my skills in English wouldn’t have been greatly improved!
没有他的帮助, 我的英语技能不会提高这么多!
【词块积累】
(1)come to one’s aid　　 帮助某人
with the aid of 在……的帮助下
(2)aid sb. in (doing) sth. 在(做)某事方面帮助某人
aid sb. with sth. 以某事/物帮助某人
aid sb. to do sth. 帮助某人做某事
①The car in the future can avoid traffic accidents with the aid of high technology.  
未来的汽车能够在高科技的帮助下避免交通事故。
②People from other parts of the country aided them with plenty of supplies.
来自全国其他地区的人们用充足的物资帮助他们。
③Our government aided us to go through those hard times. 我们的政府帮助我们渡过了那些艰难时刻。 
aid双词性
aid既可作动词, 也可作名词, 意为“救助, 帮助”, 比help正式。尤指用金钱援助一群人, 接受帮助的人较广。
4. strike vi. &vt. 侵袭; 突击; 击打 n. 罢工; 罢课; 袭击
(教材原句)The undersea quake struck around 7: 00 a. m. , Sunday off the west coast of Indonesia’s Sumatra Island.
海底地震于周日早上7点在印度尼西亚苏门答腊岛西海岸发生。
【词块积累】
(1)It strikes/struck sb. that . . . 某人突然想到……
be struck by 被……打动/迷住了
strike . . . into one’s heart 使……刻骨铭心
strike sb. +介词+the+身体部位
打某人的某处
(2)be on strike 在罢工
go on strike 举行罢工
①I’m sorry to learn from the Internet that your hometown was struck by the tornado yesterday.  
我很抱歉从网上得知你的家乡昨天遭受龙卷风侵袭。
②It strikes her that John had told her that chimpanzees were his favorite animals.  
她突然想到约翰告诉过她大猩猩是他最喜欢的动物。
③Fortunately, a stone struck him on the back, but didn’t cause much injury to him.  
幸运的是, 一块石头打在他的后背, 但是没造成太严重的伤。
多种含义的strike
strike的含义有很多, 作动词时, 还可以表示“撞击; 敲(钟等); 踢(球等); 使打动; 突然想到; 照射; 擦(火柴); 弹奏; 铸造(硬币)”等。
【易混辨析】
beat
强调连续或反复地“打”, 像心脏跳动、打鼓、打拍子之类连续性或反复性的动作
strike
常指“猛地一击”
hit
侧重指有目标地用力“击中”, 有时也指“打一下”
5. effect n. 影响; 结果; 效果
(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)To test the effect of social influence on eating habits, the researchers conducted two experiments.
为了检验社会影响对饮食习惯的影响的效果, 研究人员开展了两项实验。
【词块积累】
(1)have an effect on/upon 对……产生影响
come into effect 生效
take effect 生效
in effect 事实上; 实际上
side effect 副作用
(2)effective adj. 有效的; 有影响的
①(2020·江苏高考)Humor raises your energy, and that can have an effect on everything you do at school, at work, or in your personal life.  
幽默提高你的精力, 这对你在学校、工作或个人生活中所做的一切都有影响。
②But just choose it when you are really in a hurry, or it will surely take some side effects to you.  
但是, 只能在你真正匆忙的时候才能选择它, 否则的话, 它一定会给你带来一些副作用。
③Many poor families have got effective help from local government and have improved their life greatly.  
很多贫困家庭从当地政府得到了有效的帮助, 极大地提高了他们的生活水平。
6. I was having breakfast with my three children when water started filling my home.  
我和我的三个孩子正在吃早饭, 这时水开始灌进我的家里。
【句式解构】
　　该句式为be doing. . . when. . . 结构, 表示“正在做……, 这时/突然……”, when 为并列连词, 表示“这时; 突然”, 相当于and at this/that time。
【词块积累】
be about to do. . . when. . . 　 正要做……这时……
be on the point of doing. . . when. . .
正要做……这时……
had (just) done. . . when. . . 刚做完……这时……
①One morning he was walking along the street when a stranger stopped him.  
有一天早晨, 他正沿着街道散步, 突然一个陌生人拦住了他。
②He was about to quit when I took out my cellphone, scanned the QR code and paid the vendor 5 yuan.  
他正要放弃时我拿出手机, 扫了一下二维码付了摊主5元。
③I had just done all my homework when my father came home.  
我刚做完所有的作业, 我爸爸回家了。
【要点拾遗】
1. erupt vi. &vt. (火山)爆发; (岩浆、烟等)喷出
(教材原句)The couple who live next to us volunteered to help after the volcano erupted.
火山爆发后住在我们附近的一对夫妇自愿提供帮助。
【词块积累】
(1)erupt into　 突然变为/发展成
erupt from 从……喷出
(2)eruption n. 爆发, 喷发
①The volcano erupted in 1980, devastating a large area of Washington State.  
这座火山1980年喷发, 摧毁了华盛顿州的大片地区。
②As the excellent performance ended, loud cheers erupted from the crowd.  
当精彩的表演结束的时候, 响亮的欢呼声从人群中爆发。
③Scientists have paid special attention to the eruption of the volcano.  
科学家们特别关注这座火山的爆发。
2. power n. 电力供应; 能量; 力量; 控制力
(2020·浙江高考)Agriculture gave people their first experience of the power of technology to change lives.
农业让人们第一次体会到改变生活的科技的力量。
【词块积累】
(1)come to/into power　 上台; 开始执政
in power 掌权, 执政
in one’s power 在某人的能力范围内
beyond /out of one’s power　 超出某人能力范围
(2)powerful adj. 强大的; 有影响力的; 有势力的
powerless adj. 无力的; 无权的; 无效能的
①In this difficult time, poetry seems to have a special power to comfort and connect.  
在这个困难时期, 诗歌似乎拥有一种抚慰和引发共鸣的特殊力量。
②It is reported that this president has done a lot to improve people’s living standard when in power.  
据报道这位总统在执政期间为提高人们的生活水平做了很多工作。
③I will do what I can to help you if it is in my power.  
如果在我的能力范围之内, 我会尽我的最大努力帮助你。
④We use words every day but not all of us realize their powerful influence.  
我们每天都用词汇, 但不是所有人都意识到它们的巨大影响力。
短暂的come to power
come to/into power是表示短暂性动作的短语, 在完成时态的句子中, 不能和表示一段时间的时间状语连用, 可以换成be in power。例如:
他上台执政已经5年了。
①He came into power five years ago.
②He has been in power for five years.
③It has been five years since he came into power.

As a saying goes, knowledge is power.
俗话说, 知识就是力量。
3. calm adj. 镇静的; 沉着的　vt. 使平静; 使镇静
(2020·天津高考)The deep, gentle voice helped calm the nervous girl.
深沉而又温柔的嗓音使这个紧张的女孩冷静下来。
【词块积累】
keep/stay calm　　 保持镇静
calm down 使平静下来
calmly adv. 冷静地; 平心静气
①We should keep calm and try to save ourselves and help others.  
我们应该保持冷静, 尽力拯救我们自己, 并帮助别人。
②To solve the problem, parents should learn to calm down.  
为了解决这个问题, 父母应该学会平静下来。
③(2020·浙江高考)The last thing I saw was Don’s face, looking calmly back at me.
我最后看到的是Don的面孔, 冷静地回头看了看我。
【易混辨析】
calm
“平静的, 镇静的”, 指无风浪的或人的心情不激动的
quiet
“宁静的, 安静的”, 指不吵闹的或心境不烦躁的
still
“静止的, 不动的”, 指(人体或物体等)不运动的
silent
“沉默的, 寂静的”, 指不讲话或没有声音的
4. on hand现有(尤指帮助)
(教材原句)We would suggest always having on hand enough water and food for three days.
我们建议要时刻保持手边有足够三天的水和食物。
【导图理词】

①Pollination will have to be done by hand, which would have effects on the quality of food and increased food price.  
授粉不得不用手工完成, 这会影响食品的质量, 增加食品的价格。
②On the one hand, we can learn a great deal from other students we meet in activities.  
一方面, 我们可以从在活动中遇到的其他同学那里学到很多。
③Let’s work hand in hand to overcome these difficulties.  
让我们联合起来共同克服这些困难。
5. sweep away消灭; 彻底消除
(教材原句)Fishermen, tourists, hotels, homes, and cars were swept away by huge waves caused by the strong earthquake that reached a magnitude of 9. 0.
渔民、游客、酒店、住房和汽车都被9. 0级强烈地震引发的巨浪卷走。
【词块积累】
sweep down　 冲倒
sweep up 横扫; 打扫; 一下抱起(某人); 涌向; 掠过
①It was really shocking to see such a big tree swept down by the flood.  
看到这么大的一棵树被洪水冲倒真让人大为吃惊。
②He was left to sweep up the bits of paper and broken glass.  
他被留下来清扫那些纸屑和碎玻璃。
6. deliver vt. &vi. 递送; 传达　vt. 发表
(教材原句)Dangerous conditions and damaged roads will make it difficult to deliver food and supplies. 危险的状况和受损的道路使得食物和物资的运输很困难。
【词块积累】
(1)deliver sth. to sb. 　 把某物传递给某人
deliver a speech/lecture 发表演说
(2)delivery n. 递送; 交付
①(2020· 天津高考)Once the book you’ve requested is delivered to the nearest branch, they will inform you by e-mail.  
一旦你要的书被递送到最近的分站, 他们就会用邮件告知你。
②Good morning, everyone, I feel honored to deliver a speech here sharing my dream with you.  
大家早上好, 我很荣幸在这里发表演讲与你们分享我的梦想。
③It’s a common sight to see food delivery workers riding electric bikes through big cities in China.  
外卖配送员骑着电动车在中国大城市里穿梭是很常见的景观。
【熟词生义】
She was safely delivered of a boy in the early hours of this morning. (vt. 分娩, 生孩子)
她今天清晨顺利生下一个男孩。
拒绝双宾语的deliver
　　deliver后不接双宾语, 即不能说deliver sb. sth. , 只能说deliver sth. to sb. 。
7. However, dangerous conditions and damaged roads will make it difficult to deliver food and supplies.  
然而, 危险的环境和被毁的道路将使得食物和物资很难送达。
【句式解构】
　　本句为简单句, 其结构为: 主语+make +it +adj. (+for sb. )+to do sth. , 其中it为形式宾语, adj. 作宾语补足语, 真正的宾语为后面的动词不定式短语, for用来引出不定式的逻辑主语。
①(2019·江苏高考)Walking upright makes it easy to find food or guard against enemies.  
直立行走更容易找到食物或防御敌人。
②As a useful tool, the app makes it possible for us to chat with others.  
作为一个有用的工具, 这个应用程序使我们与他人聊天成为可能。
③Many people nowadays have various health problems, which makes it more and more important to keep healthy.  
当今很多人有各种各样的健康问题, 这使保持健康变得越来越重要。
【知识拓展】“make+宾语+宾语补足语”结构
(1)make +宾语+名词
*Most pop singers make music their career.
大多数流行歌手把音乐当作他们的事业。
(2)make +宾语+形容词
*His success made his mother very happy.
他的成功让他的母亲很开心。
(3)make +宾语+不带to的不定式
*Nobody made us go to bed at a certain time.
没有人让我们在某一固定时间就寝。
(4)make +宾语+过去分词
*The teacher raised his voice so that he could make himself heard. 那个老师提高了嗓门以便别人能听到他。
(5)make +宾语+介词短语
*You made him into an honest one.
你使他成为一个诚实的人。
(6)make +形式宾语it +形容词或名词 +从句(作真正的宾语)
*They want to make it clear to the public that they do an important and necessary job.
他们想向公众表明, 他们所做的工作不但重要, 而且是必不可少的。

Project: Give a presentation on natural disasters
1. 分析文章内容, 并找出具体的自然灾害以及发生原因。
In the past hundred years, there have been frequent natural disasters, such as floods, droughts, mud-rock flows, seismic(因地震而引起的) sea waves, earthquakes, windstorms and the stretching of new deserts. The disasters have killed millions upon millions of people, destroyed countless homes, and wiped out numerous pieces of fertile land.

　　Now more and more people become aware that those disasters have much to do with what we have done to the earth. We have cut down too many trees in the forests, we have badly polluted the environment, and we have shocked our own home-planet time and again with tremendously powerful explosions of nuclear bombs. As a result, climates have become abnormal, rainwater rushes down hillsides angrily, and the underground energy goes up to revenge itself on us.
　　The earth is our only home-planet. It is urgent for us to stop damaging it, and to do our best to protect it and make it a lovely place suitable to live in, for we have nowhere to go and survive except where we are now.

Disasters:
①floods　②droughts　③mud-rock flows
④seismic sea waves　⑤earthquakes　⑥windstorms
⑦stretching of new deserts
Causes:
①We have cut down too many trees in the forests.
②We have badly polluted the environment.
③We have shocked our own home-planet time and again with tremendously powerful explosions of nuclear bombs.
2. 根据上篇文章, 汉语提示, 完成下文关于海啸的新闻报道并在英语课上宣读。
　　A magnitude 8. 1 earthquake ①has been recorded (已被记录)in the waters north of Hokkaido, Japan near the Kuril Islands, Russia. The Pacific Tsunami Warning Center in Hawaii has issued a ②warning (警报)for northern Japan and other parts of the Pacific Basin. 　However, officials say a ③damaging tsunami(破坏性的海啸) is not expected to ④hit the western coast (袭击西海岸)of the United States or Canada. Some sections of Oregon, Washington, Alaska, California, and British may still ⑤experience sea level changes(经历海平面变化).  

Ⅰ. 单句语法填空
1. I was taking an online class in my study when I heard a loud noise in the backyard.
2. We must take effective (effect) measures to protect the environment there from going worse.
3. Tom was about to close(close) the window when his attention was attracted by a bird.  
4. The invention of the high-speed railway makes it easy to travel thousands of miles a day.
5. The length (long) of a paragraph depends on the information it conveys.
6. The organisation promised to supply enough books to those students.
7. Striken(strike) by the beauty of Mount Tai, we decided to stay another day.
8. Chinese delivery(deliver) driver Gao Zhixiao was featured on the cover of Time magazine for March 19, 2020.
Ⅱ. 完成句子
1. We tried to calm him down, but he kept shouting.  
我们试图让他冷静下来, 但是他一直在大声喊叫。
2. I couldn’t speak any French, but a nice man came to my aid and told me how to go.  
我不会说法语, 但是一位好心的男士来帮助我并告诉我怎么走。
3. I don’t know how you manage to survive on such little money.  
我不知道你如何能依靠如此少的钱过活。
4. His car crashed into a tree while he was driving in the snowstorm.  
当他在暴风雪中开车时, 他的车撞到了树上。
5. Heavy floods swept away houses and took away the lives of many.  
猛烈的洪水冲走了房屋并带走了许多人的生命。
6. It suddenly struck me that you might have already known for a long time.  
我突然想到你可能早就知道了。
7. That sounds rather easy, but in effect it’s very difficult.  
那听起来很简单, 但是实际上, 这很难。
8. He has too much work on hand to go picnicking with us.  
他现在手头上有很多工作, 不能和我们去野餐。
9. We were discussing the maths problem when the headmaster came in.  
我们正在讨论数学问题, 这时校长进来了。
选词并用其适当形式填空
length, effect, emergency, calm, sweep, wave
strike, deliver, crash, summary
1. The length of the bridge is 200 metres.
2. There have been growing concerns about the floating garbage and its effect on sea creatures and human health.
3. The door can only be opened in an emergency.
4. Jack took a deep breath to calm himself down.
5. The owner of the store was sweeping his floor when I walked in.
6. My mother was crying as I waved goodbye to her.
7. The tree was struck by lightning.
8. We were told the pizza would be delivered in 20 minutes.
9. She fell heavy and crashed her head against the side of the boat.
10. In summary, our living conditions are becoming better and better.

单
词
1. drought 　n. 旱灾; 久旱
2. tsunami n. 海啸
3. magnitude n. (地)震级; 重大
4. evacuate vt. 疏散; 撤出 vi. 撤离
5. helicopter n. 直升机
6. shelter n. 避难处; 居所; 庇护 vt. 保护 vi. 掩蔽; 躲避(风雨或危险)
7. crack n. 裂纹; 裂缝 vi. &vt. (使)破裂
8. ruin n. & vt. 破坏; 毁坏
9. percent n. 百分之…… adj. & adv. 每一百中
10. brick n. 砖; 砖块
11. metal n. 金属
12. electricity n. 电; 电能
13. trap vt. 使落入险境; 使陷入圈套 n. 险境; 陷阱
14. unify vi. & vt. 统一; (使)成一体
15. context n. 上下文; 语境; 背景
16. volcano n. 火山
17. typhoon n. 台风
18. tap n. 水龙头; 轻敲; 轻叩 vt. & vi. 轻叩; 轻敲; 轻拍
19. disaster n. 灾难; 灾害
20. slide vi. & vt. (使)滑行; 滑动
21. rescue n. & vt. 营救; 救援
22. damage vt. 损害; 破坏 n. 损坏; 损失
23. destroy vt. 摧毁; 毁灭
24. death n. 死; 死亡
25. bury　　　　　vt. 埋葬; 安葬
26. effort n. 努力; 艰难的尝试; 尽力
27. wisdom n. 智慧; 才智
28. supply vt. 供应; 供给 n. 供应(量); 补给
29. calm adj. 镇静的; 沉着的 vt. 使平静; 使镇静
30. aid n. 援助; 帮助; 救援物资 vt. & vi. 援助; 帮助
31. sweep vt. & vi. 打扫; 清扫
32. strike vt. & vi. 侵袭; 突击; 击打 n. 罢工; 罢课; 袭击
33. summary n. 总结; 概括; 概要
34. length n. 长; 长度
35. pipe n. 管道; 管子
36. whistle n. 哨子(声), 呼啸声 vt. & vi. 吹口哨
37. kit n. 成套工具; 成套设备
38. crash vt. & vi. 碰撞; 撞击 n. 撞车; 碰撞
39. wave n. 海浪; 波浪 vt. &vi. 挥手; 招手
40. injure vt. 损害, 伤害→injury n. 伤害, 受伤处→injured adj. 受伤的
41. affect vt. 影响→effect n. 影响
42. shock n. 震惊; 惊讶; 休克→shocking adj. 令人震惊的→shocked adj. 感到震惊的
43. breathe vt. 呼吸→breath n. 呼吸→breathless adj. 喘不上气的
44. suffer vt. &vi. 遭受→suffering n. 痛苦, 折磨
45. erupt vi. &vt. 爆发; 喷出→eruption n. 爆发
46. survive vt. 幸存; 存活→survivor n. 幸存者→survival n. 幸存; 存活
47. power n. 力量, 能力→powerful adj. 强大的; 有力量的
48. emergency n. 紧急情况; 突发事件→emergent adj. 突发的; 紧急的
短
语
1. as if 　　　　　　　　　似乎; 好像; 仿佛
2. in ruins 严重受损; 破败不堪
3. in shock 震惊; 吃惊
4. set up 建立
5. as usual 像往常一样
6. come to an end 结束
7. in the open air 露天; 在户外
8. first aid kit 急救箱
9. on hand 现有(尤指帮助)
10. sweep away 消灭; 彻底消除
11. dig out　　　　　　挖掘
12. instead of 而不是; 代替
13. a home to. . . ……的家园
14. go through 经历; 经受; 通过
15. stand at 达到(特定数量)
16. at least 至少
17. stay away from 远离
18. make sure 确保
19. in danger 处于危险中
句
式
结
构
1. who引导的定语从句
Two thirds of the people who lived there were dead or injured.
住在那里的三分之二的居民(在地震中)死亡或受伤。
2. whose引导的定语从句
Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed.
工人们为那些家园被毁的幸存者盖起了避难所。
3. 过去分词作定语
Fishermen, tourists, hotels, homes, and cars were swept away by huge waves caused by the strong earthquake that reached a magnitude of 9. 0. 渔民、游客、酒店、住房和汽车都被9. 0级强震所引发的巨浪卷走。
4. be doing. . . when. . . 正在做某事这时……
I was having breakfast with my three children when water started filling my home.
当时我和三个孩子正在吃早饭, 海水开始灌入屋内。
5. it作形式宾语
However, dangerous conditions and damaged roads will make it difficult to deliver food and supplies.
然而, 由于条件险恶和道路受损, 食物运送和物资补给将非常困难。

Who Moved My Cheese? (excerpt Ⅱ)
　　The quicker you let go of old cheese, the sooner you find new cheese.  
After a while, Haw made his way back to Cheese Station C and found Hem. He offered Hem bits of New Cheese, but was turned down.
Hem appreciated his friend’s gesture but said, “I don’t think I would like New Cheese. It’s not what I’m used to. I want my own Cheese back and I’m not going to change until I get what I want. ”
Haw just shook his head in disappointment and reluctantly went back out on his own. As here turned to the farthest point he had reached in the Maze, he missed his friend, but realized he liked what he was discovering. Even before he found what he hoped would be a great supply of New Cheese, if ever, he knew that what made him happy wasn’t just having Cheese.
He was happy when he wasn’t being run by his fear.
He liked what he was doing now.
Knowing this, Haw didn’t feel as weak as he did when he stayed in Cheese Station C with no Cheese. Just realizing he was not letting his fear stop him, and knowing that he had taken a new direction, nourished him and gave him strength.
Now he felt that it was just a question of time before he found what he needed. In fact, he sensed he had already found what he was looking for.
He smiled as he realized:
It is safer to search in the maze than remain in a Cheeseless Station Haw realized again, as he had once before, that what you are afraid of is never as bad as what you imagine. The fear you let build up in your mind is worse than the situation that actually exists.
He’d been so afraid of never finding New Cheese that he hadn’t even wanted to start looking. But since starting his journey, he had found enough Cheese in the corridors to keep him going. Now he looked forward to finding more. Just looking ahead was becoming exciting.
His old thinking had been clouded by his worries and fears. He used to think about not having enough Cheese, or not having it last as long as he wanted. He used to think more about what could go wrong than what could go right.
导语: 在本章中唧唧踏上了独自一人的旅行, 在它的旅行中会发生什么样的故事呢?

1. appreciate　　　　vt. 欣赏; 感激
2. reluctantly adv. 不情愿地
3. nourish vt. 抚养; 滋养

形容词、副词的比较级是英语中常见的用法。在本章节的开头(The quicker you let go of old cheese, the sooner you find new cheese. )就是用了比较级句型: the+比较级, the+比较级“越……, 就越……”。下面是一些比较级用法:
比较级+and+比较级越来越……
否定词+比较级 表示最高级
no more than 仅仅, 和……一样不
no less than 多达
not more. . . than. . . ……不如……
【情境应用】
1. 看到这一幕, 他越来越激动, 最终禁不住哭了。
译: Seeing the scene, he became more and more excited, and at last couldn’t help crying.  
2. 你越努力, 你就越进步。
译: The harder you work, the more progress you make.  
3. 与其说他是个音乐家还不如说他是个诗人。
译: He is more of a poet than a musician.  
4. 随着这个特别的圣诞节的临近, 我兴奋极了。
译: With the special Christmas coming, I couldn’t be more excited.  
名著译文:
《谁动了我的奶酪? 》(节选2)
越早放弃旧的奶酪, 你就会越早发现新的奶酪。
不久, 唧唧就回到了奶酪C站, 找到了哼哼。他给了哼哼一些新的小块奶酪, 但被拒绝了。
哼哼很感激朋友的心意, 但是他说: “我不喜欢新奶酪, 这不是我习惯吃的那一种。我只要我自己的奶酪回来。除非可以得到我想要的东西, 否则我是不会改变主意的。”
唧唧失望地摇了摇头, 不情愿地一个人踏上了自己的旅程。当走到他到达过的迷宫最深处时, 他怀念起他的朋友来, 但他明白, 他喜欢的还是他的探险过程。虽然以前他希望的是得到充足的新奶酪, 但现在他清楚使自己快乐的并不仅仅是奶酪而已。
他高兴的是, 他不再受自己的恐惧感的驱使。
他喜欢自己正在做的事情。明白了这一点, 唧唧不再像在奶酪C站时, 没有奶酪的日子里感到那样的虚弱了。他知道, 他不会再让恐惧感阻碍自己。他选择了一个新的方向, 他的身心得到了滋养, 体力得到加强。
现在, 他觉得, 找到自己想要的东西只是一个时间问题。事实上, 他感到他已经找到了他一直在寻找的东西。
当他认识到这一点的时候, 他不禁微笑起来:
在迷宫中搜寻比停留在没有奶酪的地方更安全。
唧唧还认识到, 就像他曾经体会过的那样, 你所害怕的东西根本没有你想像的那样糟糕, 在你心里形成的恐惧比你的实际处境要更坏。
他曾经是如此害怕找不到新的奶酪, 以至于他根本不想开始去寻找。然而一旦开始寻找的旅程, 他就发现迷宫的走廊中有足够的奶酪使他继续找下去。现在, 他期待着找到更多的奶酪。只要朝前看, 他就会因为有所期待而兴奋起来。
他过去的思想被恐惧和忧虑蒙蔽了。过去考虑的总是没有奶酪, 或者没有可以维持足够长时间的奶酪。以前总是觉得会把事情做不好, 而不是考虑把事情做好。