2020-2021学年Unit 4 Natural disasters学案

这是一份2020-2021学年Unit 4 Natural disasters学案，共20页。

单元核心素养
单元话题导读
5·12汶川地震，发生于2008年5月12日(星期一)14时28分04秒，根据中华人民共和国地震局的数据，此次震级达8．0级，地震波及大半个中国及亚洲多个国家和地区。
截至2008年9月18日12时，5·12汶川地震共造成69227人死亡，374643人受伤，17923人失踪，是中华人民共和国成立以来破坏力最大的地震，也是唐山大地震后伤亡最严重的一次地震。
BBC News abut Wenchuan Earthquake
A pwerful earthquake in China is feared t have killed thusands f peple in the suthwestern prvince f Sichuan. The fficial news agency Xinhua says nearly ten thusand peple may have died, with many mre buried and injured. In ne cunty, mst f the buildings are reprted t have cllapsed (倒塌). Michael Bristw sent this reprt frm western China.
“This is the biggest earthquake t hit China in mre than 30 years. Thusands are already cnfirmed (证实) dead. Chinese state media are reprting that 900 middle schl children were buried when their schl cllapsed. At least 50 are knwn t have died. 80% f the buildings in ne cunty alne have cllapsed, and up t 5000 peple there are feared dead. The earthquake struck just befre 2∶30 this afternn. The epicenter (震中) was in the muntainus Wenchuan Cunty in Sichuan prvince. ”
And tday marks the 11th anniversary f the terrible earthquake that struck Wenchuan Cunty in suthwest China’s Sichuan prvince. The earthquake was the strngest t hit China since 1950．At least 87,000 peple were killed r declared missing in the disaster. The earthquake left mre peple hmeless than any ther tremr (微震) in recrded histry. At least 4,800,000 peple required shelter after their hmes were destryed. Hwever, the impact (影响) f the Sichuan quake was nt nly felt thrugh the death tll (伤亡人数)—it als resulted in significant ecnmic lss. But Wenchuan has begun huge recnstructin since 2008．It is estimated (估算) abut 885 billin RMB, r 137 billin US dllars have been spent n rebuilding the affected area.
Sectin Ⅰ Listening and Speaking，Reading and Thinking
课前自主预习
Ⅰ．重点单词
1．__disaster__n. 灾难；灾害
2．__drught__n. 旱灾；久旱
3．__slide__vi. & vt. (使)滑行；滑动
4．__fld__n. 洪水；大量 vi. 淹没；大量涌入 vt. 使灌满水；淹没→__flded__adj. 洪水泛滥的
5．__rescue__n. & vt. 营救；救援
6．__damage__vt. 损害；破坏 n. 损坏；损失
7．__destry__vt. 摧毁；毁灭
8．__death__n. 死；死亡
9．__affect__vt. 影响；(疾病)侵袭；深深打动
10．__shelter__n. 避难处；居所；庇护 vt. 保护；掩蔽 vi. 躲避(风雨或危险)
11．__ruin__n. & vt. 破坏；毁坏
12．__percent__n. 百分之…… adj. & adv. 每一百中→__percentage__n. 百分率；百分比
13．__brick__n. 砖；砖块
14．__metal__n. 金属→__mdel__n. 模特；模范；榜样→__medal__n. 奖章；勋章；纪念章→__media__n. 新闻媒体；传媒
15．__shck__n. 震惊；令人震惊的事；休克 vt. (使)震惊→__shcked__adj. 感到震惊的→__shcking__adj. 令人震惊的
16．__electricity__n. 电；电能→__electric__adj. 电动的，用电的→__electrical__adj. 与(用)电有关的；电气科学的→__electrnic__adj. 电子的
17．__trap__vt. 使落入险境；使陷入圈套 n. 险境；陷阱
18．__bury__vt. 埋葬；安葬
19．__breathe__vi. & vt. 呼吸→__breath__n. 呼吸；气息→
__breathless__adj. 气喘吁吁的；呼吸急促的→__breathlessly__adv. 气喘吁吁地；上气不接下气地
20．__effrt__n. 努力；艰难的尝试；尽力→__effrtless__adj. 不需费力的
21．__wisdm__n. 智慧；才智→__wise__adj. 有智慧的；英明的；明智的→__wisely__adv. 明智地；精明地
22．__cntext__n. 上下文；语境；背景
23．__suffer__vt. 遭受；蒙受 vi. (因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦→__suffering__n. 疼痛；痛苦；苦难；折磨
Ⅱ．重点短语
1．write __dwn__写下；记下
2．refer __t__指的是；参考
3．think __abut__考虑
4．set __up__搭起；建立
5．__at__ least至少
6．__as__ usual像往常一样
7．__as__ if似乎；好像；仿佛
8．cme t __an__ end结束；终止
9．__in__ ruins严重受损；破败不堪
10．__the__ number f ……的数目
11．nthing __but__除……以外什么也不；只有；只不过
12．tens __f__ thusands f数以万计的
13．__in__ shck震惊；吃惊
14．dig __ut__掘出；发现
15．lk __up__抬头看，查阅
16．suffer __frm__…患……疾病；受……之苦
Ⅲ．重点句型
1．Chickens and even pigs were __t__ nervus __t__ eat，and dgs refused t g inside buildings.
鸡甚至猪都紧张得不敢吃食，狗也拒绝进入建筑物中。
2．It seemed __as if__ the wrld were __cming t an end__!
世界末日似乎到了！
3．Thusands f children __were left__ withut parents.
成千上万个孩子变成了孤儿。
4．__The number f__ peple __wh__ were killed r badly injured in the quake was mre than 400,000．
地震中死亡和重伤的人数超过40万。
Ⅳ．课文预读
(Ⅰ)Reading fr the main idea.
1．What’s the main idea f the text？__A__
A．A terrible earthquake f Tangshan.
B．Befre the earthquake f Tangshan.
C．During the earthquake f Tangshan.
D．Damages f the earthquake f Tangshan.
2．Find ut the main idea f each paragraph. __DBACE__
Para. 1 A．The earthquake caused unbelievable destructin t Tangshan.
Para. 2 B．The earthquake happened and caused deaths r injuries in Tangshan.
Para. 3 C．Help came sn after the quakes.
Para. 4 D．Strange things happened，but n ne paid attentin t them.
Para. 5 E．Tangshan came back t life again.
(Ⅱ)Reading fr the details.
1．All the fllwing unusual things happened befre the quake EXCEPT that __C__.
A．the water in the village wells rse and fell
B．the chickens and even the pigs were t nervus t eat
C．tens f thusands f cws wuld never give milk again
D．fish jumped ut f the water
2．Befre the earthquake, peple were asleep as usual because __D__.
A．they didn’t ntice anything strange happening
B．they knew well abut earthquakes
C．smething strange happened in many places
D．they didn’t realize the arrival f an earthquake
3．The secnd and third paragraphs are mainly abut __A__.
A．the great lss the earthquake brught t Tangshan
B．the number f peple wh were killed r injured
C．when and where an earthquake happened
D．the cause f the big earthquake in Tangshan
4．What des the sentence “Slwly, the city began t breathe again. ” mean？__A__
A．The city will nt die. It has hpe. And it can recver frm the pain.
B．The army sent 150,000 sldiers t Tangshan t help peple.
C．Hundreds f thusands f peple were helped.
D．Mst f the 10,000 miners were rescued.
5．What is the md (语气) f this passage？__C__
A．Sad. B．Serius.
C．Serius and sad. D．Calm.
课内要点探究
重 点 单 词
1．rescue n. & vt. 营救；救援
eq \(\s\up0(),\s\d0(D))典型例句
The plice came t his rescue and sent him hme.
警察救了他，并把他送回家。
We rescued him frm the enemy’s camp.
我们把他从敌营中救了出来。
eq \(\s\up0(),\s\d0(S))思维拓展
(1)rescue wrker救援人员
cme/g t sb’s rescue前来/去营救(某人)
(2)rescue…frm…从……营救……
(3)rescuer n. 救助者
eq \(\s\up0(),\s\d0(J))即学即练
单句语法填空
①She seemed t be waiting fr smene t cme __t__ her rescue.
②This by __was rescued__ (rescue) frm the running river.
完成句子
③The fireman __rescued a baby frm__ the burning huse.
消防队员从失火的房子里救出一个婴儿。
2．damage vt. 损害；破坏 n. 损坏；损失
eq \(\s\up0(),\s\d0(D))典型例句
The earthquake damaged several buildings.
地震使一些建筑受到了破坏。
Yu have damaged my bicycle. Yu wn’t have it again.
你把我的自行车弄坏了。你别想再用了。
Eating t much meat ne time will cause damage t yur stmach.
一次吃太多肉会对你的胃造成损害。
eq \(\s\up0(),\s\d0(S))思维拓展
(1)damage ne’s health/fame损害某人的健康/名誉
be badly damaged遭受严重损害
(2)d/cause damage t给……带来/造成损害
eq \(\s\up0(),\s\d0(J))即学即练
单句语法填空
①(2021·3月天津高考卷第一次)The prcess is tiring. Damage __changes__ (change) us befre we are ready.
②The heavy rain didn’t d much damage __t__ the crps.
③Her heart __was damaged__ (damage) as a result f the disease.
完成句子
④Fr them, dieting nt nly is useless but als might __damage their health__.
对他们来说，节食不仅是无用的，而且可能会损害他们的健康。
3．affect vt. 影响；(疾病)侵袭；使感染；深深打动；感动
eq \(\s\up0(),\s\d0(D))典型例句
Affected with high fever，he cntinued with his wrk.
尽管发高烧，他仍然继续工作。
The children were deeply affected by his life stry.
孩子们被他的人生故事深深打动了。
eq \(\s\up0(),\s\d0(S))思维拓展
(1)be affected with high fever发高烧
be affected by…被……打动/影响
(2)effect n. 影响
have an effect /influence n…对……有影响
in effect实际上
take effect开始实行；开始生效
bring/put sth. int effect使某物开始使用
cme int effect (尤指法律/规章制度)开始实施
eq \(\s\up0(),\s\d0(J))即学即练
单句语法填空
①One f her lungs __is affected__ (affect) a little s that she has t rest.
②I think the __affected__ (affect) patient needs t be islated(隔离).
写出黑体部分的含义
③The audience was deeply affected by his selfless spirit. __感动__
④Mre than seven millin peple have been affected by drught. __影响__
⑤This disease affects millins in the wrld every year. __侵袭；感染__
完成句子
⑥The traffic jam nt nly __affects ur everyday life__ but als the envirnment.
交通拥堵不仅影响我们的日常生活，还会影响环境。
⑦The child __was affected with__ high fever.
那孩子发高烧了。
4．shelter n. 避难处；居所；庇护 vt. 保护；掩蔽 vi. 躲避(风雨或危险)
eq \(\s\up0(),\s\d0(D))典型例句
Many f the children in the shelter are rphans.
收容所里有好多孩子是孤儿。
Human beings need clthing, fd and shelter.
人类有衣、食、住的需求。
She was accused f sheltering a murderer.
她因为庇护谋杀犯而被控告。
eq \(\s\up0(),\s\d0(S))思维拓展
(1)shelter…frm…保护……免受……
shelter frm…躲避……
(2)give shelter t…给予……庇护的地方
under the shelter f…在……的庇护下
eq \(\s\up0(),\s\d0(J))即学即练
单句语法填空
①Thugh she was a cmmn persn, she __was sheltered__ (shelter) by the USA．
②The church gave shelter __t__ peple n winter nights.
③The great elm trees gave them shelter __frm__ the wind.
5．ruin n. & vt. 破坏；毁坏
eq \(\s\up0(),\s\d0(D))典型例句
The strm lay the village in ruins.
暴风雨使这个村子成了一片废墟。
A large number f churches fell int ruin after the earthquake.
地震过后，许多教堂都被毁了。
My wife was ruining her health thrugh wrry.
忧虑严重损害了我妻子的健康。
eq \(\s\up0(),\s\d0(S))思维拓展
(1)lie/be in ruins成为废墟
fall int ruin毁灭；毁坏
(2)ruin sth. /sb. 毁坏某物/某人
ruin ne’s health/fame/future毁掉某人的健康/名誉/前途
eq \(\s\up0(),\s\d0(Y))易混辨析
damage，destry与ruin
damage，destry和ruin这三个单词均表示“破坏”“损坏”的意思，但各自的含义和用法不同。
eq \(\s\up0(),\s\d0(J))即学即练
单句语法填空
①That mistake __ruined__ (ruin) his chance f getting the jb.
②This cuntry was nce prud f its educatin system. Nw it seems t be __in__ ruins.
③The Nrmans built the castle which was reduced __t__ ruins.
选词填空(ruin/damage/destry)
④The car was nly slightly __damaged__ in the accident.
⑤They ttally __ruined__ my life after that cnversatin.
⑥Their huse was cmpletely __destryed__ in the hurricane.
6．shck n. 震惊；令人震惊的事；休克 vt. (使)震惊
eq \(\s\up0(),\s\d0(D))典型例句
The news f his death came as a great shck t everyne.
他去世的消息让所有人都非常震惊。
We are very shcked t hear that the gds are damaged.
得知货物损坏的消息，我们感到非常震惊。
eq \(\s\up0(),\s\d0(S))思维拓展
(1)in shck震惊；吃惊
a shck t sb. 令某人震惊的事
t ne’s shck令某人震惊的是
(2)shcked adj. 感到震惊的
be shcked at/by…对……感到震惊
be shcked t d sth. 震惊地做某事
(3)shcking adj. 令人震惊的
eq \(\s\up0(),\s\d0(J))即学即练
单句语法填空
①Lincln’s death was a piece f surprising news. The whle natin was __shcked__ (shck) at the sad news.
②Lgan’s death was pintless—that was part f the reasn we were __in__ shck.
③O. Henry’s shrt stries always gave the readers __shcking__ (shck) endings.
一句多译
听说他的病很严重，我吃了一惊。
④It gave me quite __a shck__ t be tld he was seriusly ill.
⑤I __was shcked t hear__ that he was seriusly ill.
7．trap vt. 使落入险境；使陷入圈套 n. 险境；陷阱
eq \(\s\up0(),\s\d0(D))典型例句
During the fire, he was trapped in the building.
火灾发生时，他被困在大楼里。
The plice set a trap t catch the thief.
警察设下圈套来捉拿窃贼。
eq \(\s\up0(),\s\d0(S))思维拓展
be trapped under/in…被困于……
trap sb. int ding sth. 诱骗某人干某事
set a trap设置陷阱/布下圈套
fall int a trap落入圈套
eq \(\s\up0(),\s\d0(J))即学即练
单句语法填空
①They were trapped __in__ the burning htel.
②The fx and the dg bth fell int __a__ trap set by the farmer.
完成句子
③She had __set a trap fr__ him and he had walked straight int it.
她给他设下圈套，他就径直钻了进去。
④The yung man __trapped the ld lady int buying__ his pr quality milk.
那个年轻人诱骗那位老太太买了他的劣质牛奶。
8．bury vt. 埋葬；安葬；使沉浸；使专心
eq \(\s\up0(),\s\d0(D))典型例句
He buried his face in his hands.
他双手掩面。
His bdy was buried in snw, but his head was sticking ut.
他的身体被埋在雪里，但是头伸在外面。
eq \(\s\up0(),\s\d0(S))思维拓展
bury ne’s face/head in ne’s hands 双手掩面/捂头
eq \b\lc\ \rc\}(\a\vs4\al\c1(bury neself in...,be buried in...))埋头于/专心于……
表示“专心于，致力于”意义的短语还有：be devted t, be addicted t, be absrbed in，cncentrate n，fcus n等。
eq \(\s\up0(),\s\d0(J))即学即练
单句语法填空
①His head was buried __in__ the bk he was reading.
一句多译
他专心于学习，没有注意到我进来。
②He __buried himself in__ study and didn’t ntice me cme in.
③He __was buried in__ study and didn’t ntice me cme in.
④__Buried in__ study, he didn’t ntice me cme in.
9．breathe vi. & vt. 呼吸
eq \(\s\up0(),\s\d0(D))典型例句
The air was s cld that we culd hardly breathe.
空气非常寒冷，我们难以呼吸。
The dctr asked me t breathe in, then t breathe ut fully.
医生让我先吸气，然后全部呼出。
eq \(\s\up0(),\s\d0(S))思维拓展
(1)breathe (sth. ) in吸气；吸入……
breathe (sth. ) ut呼气；呼出……
(2)breath n. 呼吸
hld ne’s breath屏住呼吸
ut f breath气喘吁吁；上气不接下气
take a breath歇口气，歇会儿透口气
lse ne’s breath气喘吁吁；上气不接下气
(3)breathless adj. 喘不过气来的；无风的
eq \(\s\up0(),\s\d0(J))即学即练
单句语法填空
①After climbing that lng flight f stairs she was cmpletely ut __f__ breath.
②They hld __their__ (they) breath when they watched the match.
完成句子
③He __tk a deep breath__，and then jumped int the pl.
他深深吸了一口气，然后跳入池中。
④They came ut f the tunnel and happily __breathed the fresh air__.
他们走出地道，愉快地呼吸着新鲜空气。
10．effrt n. 努力；艰难的尝试；尽力
eq \(\s\up0(),\s\d0(D))典型例句
The lcal clubs are making an effrt t attract mre yung peple.
地方俱乐部正在努力来吸引更多的年轻人。
She tk a deep breath and sat up slwly with great effrt.
她深吸一口气，费力地慢慢坐起身来。
eq \(\s\up0(),\s\d0(W))误区警示
effrt表示一般性的努力(即表泛指意义)，通常是不可数名词。
若强调一次具体的努力，通常是可数名词，常与all, these等修饰语连用。
All his effrts were f n avail.
他的努力都没有用。
eq \(\s\up0(),\s\d0(S))思维拓展
makeeq \b\lc\{\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\c1(an effrt,every effrt,effrts)) t d sth. (尽一切)努力做某事
spare n effrt t d sth. 不遗余力地做某事
in an effrt t d sth. 努力做某事；企图做某事
with effrt努力地
withut effrt毫不费力地；容易地
eq \(\s\up0(),\s\d0(J))即学即练
单句语法填空
①The prisner made an effrt __t escape__ (escape), but he culdn’t climb the prisn wall.
②__In__ an effrt t hnr ur relatinship, I need t tell yu the truth.
句型转换
They are trying their best t prevent the river frm being plluted.
③They are __making every effrt__ t prevent the river frm being plluted.
④They are __sparing n effrt__ t prevent the river frm being plluted.
11．suffer vt. 遭受；蒙受 vi. (因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦
eq \(\s\up0(),\s\d0(D))典型例句
Many peple are still suffering frm starvatin.
很多人仍然在忍受饥饿之苦。
Japan is suffering anther disaster because f the nuclear leak.
日本因核泄漏正遭受另一场灾难。
eq \(\s\up0(),\s\d0(S))思维拓展
(1)suffer pain/defeat/hardship/damage遭受痛苦/失败/艰难/破坏
suffer frm…受……折磨；患……病
(2)suffering n. 痛苦；苦恼；让人痛苦的事
sufferer n. 患难者；患病者
eq \(\s\up0(),\s\d0(Y))易混辨析
suffer与suffer frm
(1)suffer后常加的名词多指抽象的损害、痛苦等，如suffer pain/defeat/lsses/ the result/side effects“遭受痛苦/失败/损失/(承受)结果/副作用”。
(2)suffer frm常加具体的不幸或痛苦的名词，表示遭受战争、自然灾害、疾病带来的痛苦。如suffer frm hunger/fld/fever/cld/disease“遭受饥饿/洪水/发烧/感冒/患病”。
eq \(\s\up0(),\s\d0(J))即学即练
单句语法填空
①The ld man went thrugh a lt f __sufferings__ (suffer) in the ld days. What’s wrse, he suffered __frm__ heart attack when he was in his eighties.
②A lt f mney has been cllected t help thse __suffering__ (suffer) frm the flds.
③Relief fd and clthing shuld be quickly sent t the __sufferers__ (suffer) frm the great fire.
选词填空(suffer/suffer frm)
④Unluckily, he __suffered frm__ a sudden heart failure and died.
⑤Within a few days she became seriusly ill and __suffered__ great pain.
重 点 短 语
1．set up设立；建立
eq \(\s\up0(),\s\d0(D))典型例句
They set up a special cmmittee t lk int the matter.
他们设立了一个专门的委员会来调查此事。
They decided t set up a new schl.
他们决定建一所新学校。
eq \(\s\up0(),\s\d0(S))思维拓展
set ff 出发；动身；开始
set ut 出发；动身
set abut (ding sth. ) 开始(做某事)
eq \(\s\up0(),\s\d0(J))即学即练
单句语法填空
①—Have great changes taken place in yur village?
—Yes. A new schl was set __up__ in the village last year.
②We set abut __painting__ (paint) the whle huse but finished nly the frnt part that day.
2．cme t an end结束；终止
eq \(\s\up0(),\s\d0(D))典型例句
The meeting has cme t an end.
会议已经结束了。
Their quarrel came t an end finally.
他们的争吵终于结束了。
eq \(\s\up0(),\s\d0(W))误区警示
cme t an end的主语是物，不用于被动语态。若表示“使……结束”，则用bring sth. t an end。
eq \(\s\up0(),\s\d0(S))思维拓展
be at an end结束
at the end f…在……的尽头
by the end f…到……末尾为止(常和完成时连用)
reach the end f the line/rad穷途末路
in the end最终；最后
make ends meet使收支相抵；勉强维持生计
eq \(\s\up0(),\s\d0(J))即学即练
单句语法填空
①Thankfully，I managed t get thrugh the game and the pain was wrth it in __the__ end.
②The summer vacatin came t __an__ end at last.
用end的相关短语填空
③They dn’t realize their schl life will __cme t an end__.
他们没有意识到他们的学校生活就要结束了。
④I am ging t charge a new dress, and pay fr it __at the end f__ the mnth.
我要去买一件新衣服，并在月底付款。
⑤They had achieved their plan __by the end f__ last mnth.
截止到上个月底，他们已经完成了计划。
⑥He failed s many times that __in the end__ he gave up hpe.
他失败的次数太多了，以至于他最终放弃了希望。
重 点 句 型
1．Chickens and even pigs were t nervus t eat，and dgs refused t g inside buildings.
鸡甚至猪都紧张得不敢吃食，狗也拒绝进入建筑物中。
(1)这是由并列连词and连接的两个简单句。
(2)t…t…太……而不能
The wires are t high fr children t reach.
线太高，孩子们够不着。
He was t ill t travel.
他病得太重了，不能远行。
eq \(\s\up0(),\s\d0(S))思维拓展
t…t…句型在下列情况下表示肯定意义：
(1)与某些表示心情的或描述性的形容词连用时，t相当于very，意为“非常”。此类形容词常见的有happy, glad, easy, ready, willing, nervus, gd, kind, surprised等。在该用法中，常在t前加上nly, but, all, simply或just，用来加强语气。
Tm is (nly) t glad t help yu.
汤姆非常乐意帮助你。
They are (all) t willing t take the pinins f thers.
他们都非常愿意接受别人的意见。
(2)t前有nt, never, can’t等否定词修饰时构成双重否定，表示肯定意义，意为“并非太……；不会太……；再……也不过分”。
English is nt t difficult t learn.
英语并不难学。
Yu can’t be t careful t d yur hmewrk.
你做作业越仔细越好。
eq \(\s\up0(),\s\d0(J))即学即练
单句语法填空
①The prblem is t difficult fr the students __t wrk__ (wrk) ut.
翻译句子
②I am nly t willing t have smene t speak t.
我能找到人聊聊天，__我太高兴了__。
③I was t excited t fall asleep last night.
我昨晚__太兴奋了没睡着觉__。
④I am never t busy t answer yur phne call!
__我不会忙得不接你的电话__!
2．It seemed as if the wrld were cming t an end!
世界末日似乎到了！
as if引导的从句在句中作表语，as if “仿佛；好像”。
It seemed as if…意为“看起来好像……”。
It lks as if it will rain befre lng.
看起来一会儿就要下雨了。
eq \(\s\up0(),\s\d0(S))思维拓展
as if(＝as thugh)既可以引导方式状语从句，也可以引导表语从句。当说话者认为句子所述的是不真实的或极少有可能发生或存在的情况时，从句用虚拟语气：
He talks as if he were the wner f the wrld. (与现在事实相反，be动词用were)
他说起话来好像他主宰这个世界似的。
He talks as if he had been t the mn. (与过去事实相反，从句谓语动词用过去完成时)
他说起话来好像他去过月球似的。
She talks and talks as if she wuld never stp. (与将来事实相反，从句谓语动词用wuld＋动词原形)
她说呀说呀，好像永远也说不完。
eq \(\s\up0(),\s\d0(W))误区警示
如果as if引导的从句中的主语和主句的主语相同，且谓语含有be动词，可省略从句主语和be动词，这样as if后就只剩下名词、不定式、形容词(短语)、介词短语或分词。
Tm raised his right hand as if t say smething.
汤姆举起右手好像要说什么。
The teacher walked here and there n the playgrund as if lking fr smething.
老师在操场上来回走，好像在找什么东西。
eq \(\s\up0(),\s\d0(J))即学即练
单句语法填空
①—What a nise! I can hardly stand it.
—It sunds __as__ if they are having a party next dr.
②The man we fllwed suddenly stpped as if __t see__ (see) whether he was ging in the right directin.
③She lks as if she __were__ (be) ten years yunger.
④He talked abut Lndn as if he __had been__ (be) there.
⑤He pened his muth as if he __wuld say__ (say) smething.
完成句子
⑥The wman lves the children __as if she were their mther__.
这位女士爱这些孩子，好像她就是他们的妈妈一样。
3．Thusands f children were left withut parents.
成千上万个孩子变成了孤儿。
(1)Thusands f children were left withut parents. 是…… left thusands f children withut parents的被动形式。withut parents 是介词短语，在句中作主语补足语，表示主语的状态。
(2)leave表示“使处于……状态”时，可构成“leave＋宾语＋宾补”结构，其中宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、过去分词、现在分词、介词(短语)等充当。
构成复合结构形式有：
leave＋宾语＋eq \b\lc\{\rc\ (\a\vs4\al\c1(ding：表主动、进行,dne：表被动、完成,t d：表将来的动作,\b\lc\ \rc\}(\a\vs4\al\c1(介词短语,名词/形容词/副词))表状态))
Yu shuldn’t have left all the windws pen when yu were sleeping.
你睡觉时本不该开着所有的窗子的。(形容词作宾补)
She ran away，leaving her byfriend in the rain alne.
她跑开了，留她的男友一个人在雨中。(介词短语作宾补)
It’s implite f yu t leave the guest standing utside fr half an hur.
你让客人在外面站了半个小时真是不礼貌。(现在分词作宾补)
The guests left mst f the dishes untuched，because they didn’t taste delicius.
大部分菜客人们都没有动，因为它们不可口。(过去分词作宾补)
eq \(\s\up0(),\s\d0(J))即学即练
单句语法填空
①We shuld nt leave the tap water __running__ (run) r waste any materials in the lab class.
②He didn’t feel excited at the news that ur team wn the game, leaving me __cnfused__ (cnfuse).
③Firefighters put ut the fire, which left the kitchen __damaged__ (damage) and the ven cmpletely __destryed__ (destry).
完成句子
④He left，__leaving me t d all the rest wrk__.
他走了，让我做所有剩余的工作。
⑤Yu mustn’t __leave the baby in the huse alne__.
你不能把小孩独自留在家里。
随堂达标验收
Ⅰ．单句语法填空
1．The hurricane __damaged__ (damage) many huses and business buildings; in additin，it caused 20 deaths.
2．Helpless, we watched the huse __being destryed__ (destry) by the strng wind.
3．Yu never allw persnal prblems __t affect__ (affect) yur perfrmance.
4．The huses acrss the street are in __ruins__ (ruin), but they were in gd cnditin a few years ag.
5．We were __shcked__ (shck) by his sudden death.
6．The car __was trapped__ (trap) in the mud and culdn’t get ut.
7．Mr. Richard hasn’t gt any time t play glf these days, because he is __buried__ (bury) in the research f bird language.
8．I’ll make an effrt __t arrive__ (arrive) n time.
9．Since Mr. Zhang has suffered __frm__ headache fr several years, he has t bring medicine t wherever he ges.
10．The number f students absent frm the meeting __was__ (be) surprising.
Ⅱ．选词填空
in ruins，survive n，be affected by，in shck，suffer frm，shelter…frm，be trapped in，as usual，cme t an end，cme t ne’s rescue
1．Jane culdn’t d her husewrk and asked her mther t __cme t her rescue__.
2．He __suffered frm__ pr eyesight and culd n lnger read prperly.
3．We shuld have just enugh mney t __survive n__.
4．These plants must be __sheltered frm__ direct sunlight，
5．Earthquakes can leave cities and cuntries __in ruins__.
6．We are very glad t knw that the war between the tw cuntries finally __came t an end__.
7．When I tld them the news f his death, they were all __in shck__ and culdn’t believe it.
8．Bth teachers and students __were affected by__ the mving stry.
9．He glanced at his watch, knwing she was late again __as usual__.
10．He __was trapped in__ the crashed car and culdn’t mve his legs.
Ⅲ．完成句子
1．He speaks English __as if/thugh he were an American__.
他讲起英语来好像他是个美国人。
2．The questin is very __difficult t answer__.
这个问题很难回答。
3．I std there, __waiting fr him__.
我站在那里，等着他。
4．They gt there __t late t catch__ the first bus.
他们到得太晚了，没能赶上第一班车。
5．I dn’t knw __hw I shuld slve this prblem__.
我不知道我该怎么解决这个问题。
6．The wman __wh is reading a newspaper__ is a famus dancer.
正在读报纸的那位女士是一位著名的舞蹈家。
Ⅳ．课文与语法填空
根据课文内容，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Strange things happened befre Tangshan Earthquake happened. __1．Smelly__ (smell) gas came ut frm the cracks f wells and animals became t nervus __2．t eat__ (eat). At 3∶42 n the mrning f 28 July, 1976, everything began t shake. It seemed as __3．if__ the wrld were cming t an end！Sn the whle city lay __4．in__ ruins and mre than 400,000 peple were killed r badly injured in the quake and nearly everything in the city __5．was destryed__ (destry). Peple were __6．shcked__ (shck) at this and wndered hw lng the disaster wuld last. Sldiers were sent t dig ut thse wh were trapped and t bury __7．the__ dead. Wrkers built shelters fr __8．survivrs__ (survive). With strng supprt frm the gvernment and the tireless __9．effrts__ (effrt) f the city’s peple, everything imprved and the city began t __10．breathe__ (breath) again.
damage
n. & v.
通常是指部分性损坏，往往暗示损坏后价值、效率、功能等会降低，有时用于比喻用法中。用作名词时常用于d/cause damage t sth.
destry
v.
通常指彻底毁掉或毁灭，往往暗示无法或很难修复，有时用于比喻用法中
ruin
n.&v.
指彻底毁坏，破坏的原因通常是自然现象、年龄、疏忽等，现多用于比喻用法，在表示真正具体摧毁或破坏某幢建筑物时，通常不用ruin
时间
谓语动词
与现在事实相反
过去式
与过去事实相反
过去完成式
与将来事实相反
wuld/culd/might＋d