英语选择性必修 第二册Unit 4 Journey Across a Vast Land学案及答案

这是一份英语选择性必修 第二册Unit 4 Journey Across a Vast Land学案及答案，共6页。


过去分词作表语和状语
[观察例句]
1．The girls were amazed t see such an pen cuntry.
2．D yu feel frightened when ging int the wilderness alne?
3．Seen frm the tp f the muntain，the scenery was really fascinating.
4．Finally，the cmpany—headed by its new manager—started t make a prfit.
[归纳用法]
1．例句1中的amazed和例句2中的frightened为过去分词作表语。
2．例句3中的Seen和例句4中的headed为过去分词作状语，过去分词与其逻辑主语之间是被动关系，往往含有完成的意思。
一、过去分词作表语
1．意义
位于系动词(如be，get，becme，lk，feel，seem等)之后，多表示主语的状态或状况，它所体现的是形容词的特性。
She lked disappinted.
她看上去很失望。
We were encuraged at the news.
听到这个消息我们很受鼓舞。
2．过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别
过去分词作表语时，强调主语所处的状态，而动词的被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，强调动作。
The cup is brken.
杯子碎了。(系表结构)
The cup was brken by Tm.
杯子是被汤姆打碎的。(被动语态)
3．现在分词与过去分词作表语的区别
They became s wrried that they stayed awake all night.
他们变得如此担心，以至于一整晚都没有睡觉。
The situatin became s wrrying that smething shuld be dne at nce.
形势变得令人担忧，应该立刻采取措施。
[即学即练1] 单句语法填空
①I was t tired (tire) t walk any further.
②When he heard the mving stry，he was deeply mved．(mve)
③Tm was mre surprised than disappinted (disappint) at this news.
二、过去分词(短语)作状语
1．意义
过去分词(短语)作状语，修饰谓语动词，进一步说明谓语动词的动作和状态，即动作发生时的背景或状况，其逻辑主语通常就是句子的主语，且过去分词与主语之间为动宾关系。
2．过去分词(短语)作状语的句法功能和位置
(1) 过去分词(短语)表示被动，表示动作已经完成，其逻辑主语则为句子的主语。过去分词作状语时，可单独使用，也可以在其前面加上适当的连词，可表示时间、条件、原因、让步、方式、伴随等。
When ffered help，ne ften says “Thank yu” r “It's kind f yu”．(时间状语)
当被提供帮助的时候，人们常说“Thank yu”或“It's kind f yu”。
Given anther chance，I will d it much better.(条件状语)
如果再给我一次机会，我会干得更好。
Greatly inspired by what he did，I jined him in helping thers.(原因状语)
在他所做的事情的鼓励下，我也加入了帮助他人的行列。
Visited many times，the place is still wrth visiting again.(让步状语)
虽然已参观了很多次，这个地方仍值得再来。
He has been preparing his paper all day lng，lcked in his study.(方式状语)
锁在书房里，他一整天都在准备论文。
The guest walked int the rm，greeted by the hst.(伴随状语)
客人一边和主人打招呼，一边走进了房间。
(2)过去分词(短语)在句中作状语时，既可放在句首，也可放在句尾，中间用逗号隔开。
Caught in a heavy rain，he was all wet.
因为淋了一场大雨，所以他全身湿透了。
He std there silently，mved t tears.
＝Mved t tears，he std there silently.
他静静地站在那里，感动得热泪盈眶。
[即学即练2] 写出下列句中黑体部分分别作什么状语
①Clearly and thughtfully written，the bk inspires cnfidence in students wh wish t seek their wn answers.原因状语
②Time，used crrectly，is mney in the bank.条件状语
③If asked t lk after luggage fr smene else，infrm the plice at nce.条件状语
④Seated at the table，my father and I were talking abut my jb.
方式状语
⑤When (yu are) given a medical examinatin，yu shuld keep calm.时间状语
3．过去分词(短语)作状语的几种情况
(1)过去分词在句中作时间、条件、原因、让步状语时，相当于对应的时间、条件、原因及让步状语从句。
Seen frm the tp f the muntain(＝When it is seen frm the tp f the muntain)，the whle twn lks mre beautiful.
从山顶上看，整个城市看起来更美了。
Encuraged by the prgress he has made(＝As he is encuraged by the prgress he has made)，he wrks harder.
由于受到所取得成绩的鼓舞，他工作更努力了。
(2)过去分词在句中作伴随、方式等状语时，可改为句子的并列谓语或改为并列分句。
The teacher came int the rm，fllwed by tw students(＝and was fllwed by tw students)．
后面跟着两个学生，老师走进了房间。
He spent the whle afternn，lcked in his study(＝and was lcked in his study)．
他把自己锁在书房里度过了一整个下午。
(3)过去分词作状语可与与之对应的状语从句互换。而从句改成过去分词作状语时有时还可保留连词，构成“连词＋过去分词”结构作状语。
Even if I am invited(＝Even if invited)，I will nt take part in the party.
即使被邀请，我也不会参加那个宴会。
Unless yu are asked t speak(＝Unless asked t speak)，yu shuld remain silent at the meeting.
除非被要求说话，在会上你应该保持沉默。
(4)过去分词(短语)作状语时，过去分词(短语)的逻辑主语通常是句子的主语，否则，分词(短语)前应加上自己的主语。这种带有自身主语的过去分词(短语)被称为过去分词(短语)的独立主格结构。过去分词(短语)的独立主格结构通常在句中作状语，可表示时间、原因、条件等。
The test finished，we began ur hliday.
考试结束了，我们开始放假了。
Mre time given，we culd have dne it much better.
如果给我们更多的时间，我们会做得更好。
[即学即练3] 句型转换
①When they were asked wh had brken the vase，the children all kept silent.
→When asked wh had brken the vase，the children all kept silent.
②If we are united，we will make ur life better.
→If united，we will make ur life better.
③Althugh we were exhausted by the hard wrk，we went n with it.
→Exhausted by the hard wrk，we went n with it.
4．现在分词与过去分词作状语的区别
现在分词与过去分词作状语的最主要的区别在于两者与其逻辑主语的主动与被动关系。
(1)现在分词作状语时，现在分词的动作就是句子主语发出的动作，它们之间是主动关系。现在分词动作与谓语动作同时发生用一般式ding；如果现在分词的动作发生在谓语动作之前，表示已经完成，表示主动就用having dne，表示被动就用having been dne。
Walking alng the street，I met a friend f mine.
沿着大街走时，我碰到了我的一个朋友。
Having finished their wrk，they went hme t have a rest.
完成工作后，他们回家休息一下。
(2) 过去分词作状语时，过去分词表示的动作是句子主语承受的动作，它们之间的关系是被动关系。
Given mre attentin，the tree culd have grwn better.如果给予更多的关注，小树本来能够长得更好一些。
Grwn in rich sil，these seeds can grw fast.
如果种在肥沃的土壤里，这些种子能长得很快。
[即学即练4] 单句语法填空
①Impressed (impress) by the beautiful scenery，I frgt t g back hme in time.
②Lking (lk) ut f the windw，I fund many children playing n the playgrund.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Bth he and I are satisfied (satisfy) with the result.
2．The news was exciting and they were all excited at it.(excite)
3．We all felt encuraged at the encuraging news.(encurage)
4．When faced (face) with difficulties，we must try t vercme them.
5．If given (give) better attentin，the serius accident culd have been avided.
6．The hspital has recently btained new medical equipment，allwing (allw) mre patients t be treated.
7．Funded (fund) in the early 20th century，the schl keeps n inspiring children's lve f art.
8．Much time spent (spend) sitting at a desk，ffice wrkers are generally trubled by health prblems.
9．Absrbed (absrb) in painting，Jhn didn't ntice evening appraching.
10．Raised (raise)in the prest area f Glasgw，he had a lng，hard rad t becming a ftball star.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．我对试验结果很满意。
I am pleased with the result f the experiment.
2．门仍然锁着。
The dr remained lcked．
3．我希望我们更多地参与到社区中来，我们的生活将变得丰富多彩。
I hpe we can get mre invlved in ur cmmunity and ur life will be clrful.
4．从观景台看，我们会有一个更好的视野。
Seen frm the viewing platfrm，we will have a better view.
5．因为沉溺于思考之中，所以他没听到那个声音。
Lst in deep thught，he didn't hear the sund.
6．因为写得匆忙，这篇文章不是很好。
Written in a hurry，this article was nt s gd.
7．当被问到有关他的家庭情况时，他没有回答。
When asked abut his family，he made n answer.
8．由于伤得很严重，只好把他送往医院。
Seriusly injured，he had t be taken t hspital.
9．即使被很多人嘲笑，他仍然继续他的研究。
Laughed at by many peple，he still cntinued his research.
10．尽管被警告过有暴风雨，农民们仍然在田地里劳作。
Warned f the strm，the farmers were still wrking in the fields.
Ⅲ.短文语法填空(用所给动词的适当形式填空)
1．Absrbed(absrb) in Scared Step by Step(《步步惊心》)，the mst 2.mving(mve) serial(连续剧)，many peple，including sme elderly peple，watched it late int the night. In the serial，a maiden(少女) named Ruxi went back t the Qing Dynasty, 3.invlved(invlve) in a fierce fight f Kangxi's nine sns fr the thrne(皇位). Ruxi 4.was mved(mve) by the eighth sn's warmth and cncern and fell in lve with him. Hwever，after 5.experiencing(experience) many things，Ruxi
fund that her true lve was the furth sn(later was Emperr Yngzheng). 6.Punished(punish) fr refusing the Emperr's rder t marry the 13th sn，Ruxi was sent t d hard wrk in the palace fr ten years，7.washing(wash) thusands f clthes every day. 8.Realizing(realize) Ruxi's lve fr him，Emperr Yngzheng swre that he wuld lve Ruxi frever. Hwever，Ruxi died several years later, 9.making(make) Yngzheng very sad. In the end f the serial，Ruxi came back t the mdern (enter) a museum，she fund herself painted in a picture.
过去分词
表示人自身的感受或事物自身的状态，常译作“感到……的”
现在分词
表示事物具有的特性，常译作“令人……的”