人教版 (2019)必修 第二册Unit 4 History and traditions学案

这是一份人教版 (2019)必修 第二册Unit 4 History and traditions学案，共6页。

过去分词作定语和宾语补足语
过去分词(past participle)是分词的一种。规则动词的过去分词一般是由动词加­ed构成，不规则动词的过去分词见不规则动词表(见教材P114－P115)。
[观察例句]
1．Befre the shw，hundreds f excited visitrs waited in their seats eagerly.
2．Cme and read the pem written by an eight­year­ld by!
3．I felt myself ften cnfused at first.
4．She had her painting bxed s it was delivered safely.
[归纳用法]
一、过去分词作定语
1．意义
及物动词的过去分词作定语往往表示被动和完成；不及物动词的过去分词作定语不表示被动，只表示完成。
(1)表示被动和完成
a plluted river一条被污染的河流
the watered flwers浇过水的花
(2)只表示完成，不表示被动
fallen leaves落叶
the risen sun升起的太阳
2．位置
单个的过去分词作定语时，通常放在所修饰词的前面；过去分词短语作定语时，通常放在后面，其作用相当于一个定语从句。
A watched pt never bils.
[谚语]心急锅不开。
The student dressed in white is my daughter.
＝The student wh is dressed in white is my daughter.
穿白色衣服的那个学生是我女儿。
3．现在分词与过去分词作定语的区别
现在分词作定语表主动或进行；而过去分词作定语时，表被动或完成。
The car belnging t my uncle was stlen last week.
我叔叔的那辆车上周被盗了。
The bridge built in 2013 was designed by a lcal cmpany.
2013年建造的这座大桥是由一家当地公司设计的。
4．难点突破
三种非谓语形式作定语所表示的内涵：
The meeting held yesterday is very imprtant.
昨天开的那次会议很重要。
All the members f the team have attended the meeting being held.
所有的队员都出席了正在举行的这次会议。
It is said that there is a meeting t be held in the hall tmrrw.
据说明天这个大厅有一场会议要举行。
[即学即练1] 单句语法填空
①Sme f the peple invited (invite) t the party can't cme.
②The rm is empty except fr a bkshelf standing (stand) in ne crner.
③The trees blwn (blw) dwn in the strm have been mved ff the rad.
二、过去分词作宾语补足语
1．过去分词作宾语补足语与宾语的关系
过去分词作宾语补足语与宾语有着动宾关系，宾语是过去分词所表示的动作的承受者。
He watched the TV set carried ut f the rm.
他看着那台电视机被搬出了这个房间。
Last year they had the huse rebuilt.
去年他们让人重建了这所房子。
[即学即练2] 单句语法填空
①Yu'd better have yur shes mended(mend)．
②The father wants his daughter taught(teach) the pian.
2．几类能够接过去分词作宾语补足语的动词(短语)
(1)表示感觉或心理状态的动词(短语)，如see，watch，bserve，find，lk at，hear，listen t，feel，ntice，think等。
I heard the sng sung in English.
我听到有人用英语唱这首歌。
When we gt t schl，we saw the dr lcked.
当我们到学校时，看见门锁着。
(2)表示“致、使”意义的动词，如have，make，get，keep，leave等。
They managed t make themselves understd by using very simple English.
他们用了很简易的英语以使别人能听懂。
Dn't leave thse things undne.
要把那些事情做完。
[名师点津]
“have＋宾语＋过去分词”可以表示三种含义：
①表示“让某人做某事”
I'll have my hair cut tmrrw.
明天我要去理发。
②表示“遭遇某种不幸；受到打击”
He had his wallet stlen.
他的钱包被偷了。
③做某事(主语可能参与其中)
I had my huse repaired last week.
上周，我修补了我的房子。
(3)表示“希望、要求”等意义的动词，如like，want，wish，rder等。
The teacher desn't wish such questins (t be) discussed in class.
老师不希望在课堂上讨论这样的问题。
The plice，finding the film unhealthy，rdered it banned.
警察发现这部电影不健康，令其禁演了。
[即学即练3] 单句语法填空
①I saw an ld man kncked(knck) dwn by a car.
②I'd like the jb dne(d) when I cme back frm the jurney.
③The speaker raised his vice but still culdn't make himself heard(hear)．
3．“with＋宾语＋过去分词”结构
在“with＋宾语＋过去分词”结构中，过去分词用作介词with的宾语补足语，这一结构通常在句中作时间、方式、条件、原因等状语。
With water heated，we can see the steam.
水被加热后，我们才会看到水蒸气。
She std in frnt f him，with her eyes fixed n his face.
她站在他面前，眼睛注视着他的脸。
[即学即练4] 单句语法填空
①An ld man was brught in，with his hands tied(tie) behind his back.
②With all the wrk dne(d)，I feel very relaxed nw.
4．过去分词/现在分词/不定式作宾语补足语的区别
(1)感官动词后接复合宾语的比较
感官动词(短语)(一感：feel；二听：hear，listen t；四看：see，ntice，bserve，watch)的宾语补足语主要有三种形式，试比较(以see为例)：
see＋宾语＋eq \b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\c1(\b\lc\ \rc\}(\a\vs4\al\c1(ding sth.看见……,正在做某事,d sth.看见……,做了某事))\(\a\al(（宾语与宾语,补足语之间为,逻辑上的主动,关系）)),dne看见……被做（宾语与宾语补足语,之间为逻辑上的被动关系）))
I heard her give a speech n human rights just nw.
刚才我听见她就人权问题发表了演讲。(主动，完成)
I heard her giving a speech n human rights when I passed by the hall yesterday.
昨天经过大厅时，我听见她正在就人权问题发表演讲。(主动，正在进行)
T learn English well，we shuld find pprtunities t hear English spken as much as pssible.
为了学好英语，我们应该寻找机会并尽可能多地听英语口语。(被动，无时间性)
(2)使役动词make，have，get，keep，let后加复合宾语的比较(以make，have为例)：
①make＋宾语＋eq \b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\c1(d sth.让……做某事,（宾语与宾语补足语之间为,逻辑上的主动关系）,dne让……被做,（宾语与宾语补足语之间为,逻辑上的被动关系）))
He made his wrkers wrk 12 hurs a day.
他让他的工人们每天工作12个小时。
He'd like t make the plan carried ut.
他想让这个计划被执行。
②have＋宾语＋eq \b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\c1(\b\lc\ \rc\}(\a\vs4\al\c1(d sth.使……做某事,ding sth.使……持续, 做某事))\(\a\al(（宾语与宾语,补足语之间,为逻辑上的,主动关系）)),dne使……被做/遭受（宾语与宾语,补足语之间为逻辑上的被动关系）))
have还可用于have sth.t d结构，该结构中have作“有”讲，不定式作定语。
I have smething urgent t infrm yu.
我有很紧急的事要通知你们。
(3)with复合结构中补足语的比较
witheq \b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\c1(sb./sth.ding（表示主动、进行）,sth.dne（表示被动、完成）,sth.t d（表示主动、将来）))
Jhn received an invitatin t dinner，and with his wrk finished，he gladly accepted it.
约翰收到一个晚餐邀请而且他的工作也干完了，他就欣然接受了邀请。
With a lt f difficult prblems t settle，the newly elected president is having a hard time.
因为有很多难题要解决，这位新任总统的日子不好过。
[即学即练5] 单句语法填空
①Listening t music at hme is ne thing，ging t hear it being perfrmed(perfrm) live is quite anther.
②The by made the baby laugh(laugh) by making a face at him.
③She fell asleep with the light burning(burn)．
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．The manager was satisfied t see many new prducts develped (develp) after great effrt.
2．This is the statue f a brave sldier seated (seat) n a hrse，with a gun n his back.
3．The cars being sld (sell) at the market nw are made in Shanghai.
4．The airprt t be cmpleted (cmplete) next year will help prmte turism in this area.
5．The plice will cme sn t take away the damaged (damage) car.
6．Back frm his tw­year medical service in Africa，Dr.Lee was very happy t see his mther taken (take) gd care f at hme.
7．Let the wrk be dne(d)immediately.
8．Mr.Smith had his huse brken(break)int while he was away n hliday.
9．I was sleeping when I heard my name called(call)．
10．Tm had the file typed(type)yesterday afternn.
Ⅱ.短文语法填空
The Amber Rm was given this name because several tns f amber were used t make it.The 1.selected(select) amber had 2.a beautiful yellw­brwn clur like hney.The design f the rm was 3.in the fancy style ppular in thse days.It was als a treasure 4.decrated(decrate) with gld and jewels，5.which tk the cuntry's best 6.artists(artist) abut ten years t make.
Later，Catherine Ⅱhad the Amber Rm 7.mved(mve) t a palace utside St Petersburg where she spent her (sad)，the Amber Rm 9.cnsidered (cnsider) ne f the wnders f the wrld，is nw 10.missing(miss)．
形式
语态
时态
过去分词
被动
完成
现在分词
主动
进行
dne
被动的动作已经完成
being dne
被动的动作正在发生
t be dne
被动的动作将要发生