高中英语人教版 (2019)必修 第一册Unit 4 Natural disasters导学案及答案

这是一份高中英语人教版 (2019)必修 第一册Unit 4 Natural disasters导学案及答案，共6页。学案主要包含了归纳填空，易错精点，知识延伸等内容，欢迎下载使用。

限制性定语从句(1)
that, which, wh, whm, whse引导的定语从句
观察以下课文原句并思考黑体部分的功能与构成:
1. There were deep cracks that appeared in the well walls.
2. Tw thirds f the peple wh lived there were dead r injured.
3. Wrkers built shelters fr survivrs whse hmes had been destryed.
【归纳填空】
限制性定语从句的功能: 修饰或限定主句中的某个名词或代词(先行词)
一、定义
定语从句可以分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。
1. 限制性定语从句
它是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语, 如果去掉, 主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。这种从句与主句的关系十分密切, 书写时不可用逗号分开。如果关系代词在限制性定语从句中作宾语, 关系代词通常可以省略。
*(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)Here’s a handful f ways that will set yu in the right directin.
这里有些可以让你回到正轨的方法。
*Everything cmes t him wh waits.
功夫不负有心人。
2. 非限制性定语从句
它只是对先行词作附加补充说明, 如果去掉, 主句的意思仍然清楚、完整。这种从句与主句的关系不是很密切, 书写时往往用逗号分开。非限制性定语从句不用that引导。
*(2020·浙江高考)The hungry bear fllwed his nse t ur camp, which was surrunded by a high wire fence.
饥饿的狗熊跟随着嗅觉来到我们的营地, 营地被高高的铁丝围绕着。
*The cntest, whse theme is “China in my eyes”, will be held in the City Library n August 18th, 2022.
这场比赛的主题是“我眼中的中国”, 将于2022年8月18日在市图书馆举行。
二、定语从句中关系代词的用法
1. wh代替指人的先行词, 在定语从句中作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略)。
*(2020· 天津高考)“The great man, ”said Mencius, “is he wh des nt lse his child’s heart. ”
孟子曰: “大人者, 不失其赤子之心者也。”
2. whm代替指人的先行词, 在定语从句中作宾语(作宾语可省略)。
*Yu are a special teacher whm I will always remember with fnd memries.
你是一位很特别的老师, 我将永远记住这些美好回忆。
3. which代替指物的先行词, 在定语从句中作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略)。
*(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)She wre a specially designed fat suit which increased her weight t 180 punds.
她穿着特别设计的肥肥的衣服, 这件衣服让她的体重增加到了180磅。
4. that代替指人或指物的先行词, 在定语从句中作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略)。
*(2020·全国Ⅲ卷)She als said there were likely a number f ther genes that help the Bajau dive.
她也说道, 可能有很多其他的基因帮助巴瑶族人潜水。
5. whse代替指人或指物的先行词, 在定语从句中作定语。其呈现形式为: whse + n. 。
*(2020·全国Ⅲ卷)In ancient China lived an artist whse paintings were almst lifelike.
在古代中国有一位艺术家, 他的画几乎栩栩如生。
6. as引导限制性定语从句时, 它通常要与 such, as, the same 搭配, 即构成such. . . as, the same. . . as, as/s. . . as这样的固定搭配, 同时as在从句中充当一定的句子成分。
*I am glad t have the same medal as yu have.
我很高兴拥有和你一样的奖牌了。
*A cmputer is s useful a machine as we can use everyday.
电脑很有用, 我们每天都能用到。
【易错精点】the same. . . that/as区别
the same. . . that表示“同一个”(同一性)
the same. . . as表示“类似的一个, 而不是同一个”(相似性)
*This is the same watch that I lst.
这就是我丢的那块手表。(同一个)
*I have bught the same watch as yu have.
我买了一块和你一样的手表。(相似的, 非同一个)
选用适当的关系代词填空
whm, wh, that, as, which, whse
(1)The stry began with a yung mther wh had three sns in a big city.
(2)I will send yu a Chinese-English bk which/that cntains sme knwledge abut Chinese calligraphy.
(3)He decided t make the same achievement as his father did.
(4)My favrite ne is my Chinese teacher whm I met when I was in junir schl.
(5)I sat next t a girl whse name was Diana.
【知识延伸】
关系代词的用法与分类依据
1. 根据所引导的从句的限制性和非限制性;
2. 根据所替代的先行词是指人还是指物;
3. 根据它在从句中所充当的成分——主语、宾语或定语。
三、关系代词that与which的用法辨析
1. 只用that而不用which 的情况
(1)先行词有形容词最高级修饰时
*It is the greatest achievement that we have ever made.
这是我们有史以来取得的最大的成就。
(2)先行词有序数词修饰时
*It is the first Winter Olympics that will be held in China.
这是第一届将在中国举办的冬季奥运会。
(3)先行词为all, much, few, little, everything, anything, nthing, nne 等不定代词, 或被不定代词修饰时
*She listens attentively and tries t catch everything that the teacher says in class.
她听得很专心, 努力学会老师在课上讲授的所有内容。
(4)先行词既有人又有物时
*We like talking abut the peple and things that we saw in the TV play.
我们喜欢谈论在电视剧里看到的人和事。
(5)先行词前面有the very, the nly, the last, the same等修饰时
*Dad and Mm, my dream is the very ne that yu always have.
爸爸, 妈妈, 我的梦想就是你们的梦想。
(6)关系代词在限制性定语从句中作表语时
*Our schl is n lnger the schl that it used t be.
我们的学校不再是以前的样子了。
2. 只用which 而不用that 的情况
(1)引导非限制性定语从句时
*(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)The first, which I take t reading every spring, is Ernest Hemingway’s A Mveable Feast.
我每个春天都喜欢读的第一本书是欧内斯特·海明威的《流动的盛宴》。
(2)在定语从句中, 关系代词前有介词时
*Our class participated in an English ral cmpetitin, in which we came first.
我们班参加了英语口语比赛, 在比赛中我们获得了第一名。
【知识延伸】
强调句与定语从句的区别
强调句和定语从句都是由it引导的句型结构构成的, 区别在于强调句中that不充当成分, 但不能被省略; 而定语从句中that充当成分, 并且当充当的成分是宾语时可以被省略。
*It was the student that/wh asked the silly questin.
就是这个学生问了这么一个愚蠢的问题。(强调句)
*He was the student wh asked the silly questin.
他就是那个问了愚蠢问题的学生。(定语从句)
单句语法填空
(1)There is nthing that can stp him frm ging there.
(2)Yu can take an active part in all kinds f activities, which will help t make yur life mre interesting.
(3)The first thing that he nticed f her was her dark, lng hair.
(4)Experience is a schl frm which ne can never graduate.
(5)But it’s the man wh/that saved my life when I was facing a fire like that.
Ⅰ. 单句语法填空
1. Since the ld man has stpped breathing, there is little that I can d fr him.
2. I get alng well with the by that/wh des well in maths.
3. (2020·全国Ⅱ卷)Thank yu fr yur letter, which really made me happy.
4. We’re cllecting mney fr thse whse hmes were destryed by the earthquake.
5. I really want t have the same phne as yu have bught.
6. I visited the schl yesterday that/which was built fifty years ag.
7. (2020·全国Ⅰ卷)D nt fllw the peple wh make yu feel nt-gd-enugh.
8. Yesterday was ne f the cldest days that I have ever knwn.
9. There are a ttal f 1, 000 wrkers in this cmpany, tw thirds f whm are wmen.
10. I miss the teachers and the kindergarten that my parents think highly f.
Ⅱ. 用定语从句合并两个句子
1. I have a friend. He likes listening t classical music.
I have a friend wh likes listening t classical music.
2. Yesterday Emily was wearing the new dress. I gave it t her.
Yesterday Emily was wearing the new dress that/which I gave her.
3. The student’s article was published. I knw the student.
I knw the student whse article was published.
4. Han Meimei is studying English very well. She has never been abrad.
Han Meimei, wh has never been abrad, is studying English very well.
5. My grandparents live in a huse. It is mre than 100 years ld.
My grandparents live in a huse which is mre than 100 years ld.
6. The cmputer is t slw. I bught the cmputer fur years ag.
The cmputer which/that I bught fur years ag is t slw.
7. The man created the famus university. The man never finished cllege.
The man wh/that created the famus university never finished cllege.
8. I have ever seen the film. It is the mst interesting film.
It is the mst interesting film that I have ever seen.
9. They talked abut the peple and the things. They remembered them in ld days.
They talked abut the peple and the things that they remembered in ld days.
10. The man laughed at yu just nw. Wh is the man?
Wh is the man that laughed at yu just nw?
用定语从句完成下列短文。
The shpping mall, 1. whse envirnment many peple enjyed(很多人喜欢它的环境), was n fire last week because the gas pipes 2. which/that were used t lng(使用太长时间的)cracked. Thse 3. wh were shpping in it(正在里面购物的) were trapped. It was such a big fire that the wrld seemed as if it came t an end. Many gds 4. which/that were n sale(正在销售的)were destryed. This was the biggest fire 5. that peple had ever seen(人们有史以来看到的). Luckily, the firefighters 6. wh/that received the emergency call (收到紧急电话的)came at nce. They did all 7. that they culd d(他们能做的) t put ut the fire. T ur relief , n ne was injured r dead.