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高考英语一轮复习必修4Unit12CultureShock学案北师大版
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这是一份高考英语一轮复习必修4Unit12CultureShock学案北师大版，共24页。学案主要包含了教材原句，词块必记，语境速测，巧学助记，熟词生义，写作金句，误区释疑，【熟词生义等内容，欢迎下载使用。
对应教材: 必修4 Unit 12 Culture Shck; 选修7 Unit 19 Language; 选修 8 Unit 23 Cnflict
Ⅰ. 细品味经典文章
(2018·全国卷Ⅲ阅读理解C)
While famus freign architects are invited t lead the designs f landmark buildings in China such as the new CCTV twer and the Natinal Center fr the Perfrming Arts, many excellent Chinese architects are making great effrts t take the center stage.
Their effrts have been prven fruitful. Wang Shu, a 49-year-ld Chinese architect, wn the 2012 Pritzker Architecture Prize—which is ften referred t as the Nbel Prize in architecture—n February 28. He is the first Chinese citizen t win this award.
Wang serves as head f the Architecture Department at the China Academy f Art(CAA). His ffice is lcated at the Xiangshan campus (校园)f the university in Hangzhu, Zhejiang Prvince. Many buildings n the campus are his riginal creatins.
The style f the campus is quite different frm that f mst Chinese universities. Many visitrs were amazed by the cmplex architectural space and abundant building types. The curves (曲线)f the buildings perfectly match the rise and fall f hills, frming a unique view.
Wang cllected mre than 7 millin abandned bricks f different ages. He asked the wrkers t use traditinal techniques t make the bricks int walls, rfs and crridrs. This creatin attracted a lt f attentin thanks t its mixture f mdern and traditinal Chinese elements(元素).
Wang’s wrks shw a deep understanding f mdern architecture and a gd knwledge f traditins. Thrugh such a balance, he had created a new type f Chinese architecture, said Tada And, the winner f the 1995 Pritzker Prize.
Wang believes traditins shuld nt be sealed in glass bxes at museums. “That is nly evidence that traditins nce existed, ”he said.
“Many Chinese peple have a misunderstanding f traditins. They think traditin means ld things frm the past. In fact, traditin als refers t the things that have been develping and that are still being created, ”he said.
“Tday, many Chinese peple are learning Western styles and theries rather than fcusing n Chinese traditins. Many peple tend t talk abut traditins withut knwing what they really are, ” said Wang.
The study f traditins shuld be cmbined with practice. Otherwise, the recreatin f traditins wuld be artificial and empty, he said.
Ⅱ. 按要求完成任务
1. 写出文章中与文化有关的单词或短语。
freign, fruitful, riginal, creatin, style, different, cmplex, abundant, unique, traditinal, mixture, mdern, element, understanding, western, cmbine, recreatin
2. 你认为跨文化交际中应该注意什么?
First f all, learning mther culture well is the premise f crss-cultural cmmunicatin. Secndly, equality and respect are the fundatin f crss-cultural cmmunicatin. Finally, self-rientatin is the essence f crss-cultural cmmunicatin.
Ⅰ. 重点词汇
1. absrb vt. 吸收; 理解, 掌握; 使专心; 使全神贯注
【教材原句】
I’ve just been s busy studying and trying t absrb all the new things arund me — I think I’m still experiencing culture shck. (P36)我只是一直在忙着学习并试图接受我周围的一切新事物——我认为我仍然经受着文化冲击。
【词块必记】
(1)absrb sb. ’s attentin t (ding) sth.
吸引某人对(做)某事的注意力
absrb. . . int. . . 把……吸收到/并入……
(2)be absrbed by/int. . . 被……吞并; 为……所吸收
be absrbed in (ding) sth. 全神贯注于/热衷于/一心从事(做)某事
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①Mst little shps have been absrbed by/int big businesses.
②He was absrbed in the bks after brrwing them frm a bkshp.
③Certain chemicals are easily absrbed int the bldstream, while thers are nt.
完成句子
④He was s absrbed in a bk that he did nt hear the bell.
他如此专心致志地读书以致没听见铃响。
【巧学助记】
【熟词生义】
The cmpany is unable t absrb such huge lsses.
这家公司不能够承受如此大的损失。(vt. 承受, 承担)
2. exchange vt. &n. 兑换, 交换
【教材原句】
Talking f mney—it’s really easy t exchange traveller’s cheques at banks r htels s I advise yu t get sme f thse befre yu cme. (P36)
说到钱——在银行或宾馆里兑换旅行支票真的是很容易, 因此我建议你在来之前兑换一些。
【词块必记】
(1)exchange sth. fr sth. 以某物交换某物
exchange sth. with sb. 与某人交换某物
(2)make an exchange交换
in exchange fr sth. 交换某物; 作为交换……
【构词法】
ex-(动词前缀)+change→exchange vt. & n. 兑换, 交换
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①I will make the best f the pprtunity t exchange ideas with them.
②I’ve ffered t paint the kitchen in exchange fr a week’s accmmdatin.
③I’ll type yur reprt if yu’ll babysit t make an exchange.
④If the curses dn’t meet yur demands, yu can easily exchange them fr any ther curse that we prvide.
【写作金句】
When I was in Senir Ⅱ, I gt a chance t study in yur cuntry—the UK fr three mnths as an exchange student.
当我在高二的时候, 我得到了一个机会去你的国家——英国, 作为一名交换生去学习三个月。
【巧学助记】
3. request n. & vt. 请求; 要求
【教材原句】
. . . t make a request t smene yu dn’t knw very well. (P39)
……向你不甚了解的人做出请求。
【词块必记】
【误区释疑】
在与request相关的名词性从句或“It is/was requested that. . . ”句型中, 从句谓语动词用“shuld+d”表示虚拟语气, shuld可以省略。
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①The shw was repeated at the request f audience.
②The wrkers requested that their wrking cnditins(shuld) be imprved (imprve) further.
③Yu can talk t the rbt, ask it questins, and make requests fr it t perfrm different tasks.
一句多译
老板要求我们不要在办公室里聊天。
④The bss requested us nt t chat in the ffice. (request sb. nt t d)
⑤The bss requested that we (shuld) nt chat in the ffice. (request that)
⑥It was requested that we (shuld) nt chat in the ffice. (It is/was requested that)
【写作金句】
As requested, the students wh want t participate in it shuld submit a bk reprt in English befre the deadline.
按照要求, 想参加的学生必须在截止日期前提交一份英文读书报告。
4. familiar adj. 熟悉的, 常见的
【教材原句】
Jin Li fund the American way f life familiar sn after her arrival in the USA. (P40)金丽到达美国后很快就发现自己对美国的生活方式很熟悉了。
【词块必记】
sb. be familiar with sth. 某人对某物熟悉
sth. be familiar t sb. = sth. be knwn t sb.
某物为某人所熟悉
【误区释疑】
be familiar with主语一般是有生命的人, 意为“某人对某人/某事熟悉”; be familiar t主语一般是无生命的事物, 意为“某事为某人所熟悉”。
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①I’ve just cme here. I’m still nt familiar with the wrk.
②Since Beijing is familiar t me, I can shw visitrs arund the places f interest in Beijing.
完成句子
③I was s familiar with him that I recgnized his vice instantly I picked up the phne.
我对他是如此熟悉以至于我一拿起电话就听出了他的声音。
【写作金句】
What’s mre, I am familiar with the lcal cnditins. 更重要的是, 我熟悉当地的情况。
5. attach vt. 系, 固定; 附上, 贴上; 喜欢, 依恋
【教材原句】
At first, we didn’t feel we belng here, but nw we are attached t the land we live n. (P42)
起初, 我们并不认为自己属于这里, 但是现在我们已与我们所居住的土地联系在了一起。
【词块必记】
(1)attach. . . t. . . 把……固定/附/贴在……上
attach imprtance/significance/value t. . .
认为……重要/有意义/有价值
attach neself t sb. 与某人在一起; 缠着某人
(2)attached adj. 依恋的; 附加的
(be) attached t附属于; 依恋
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①She has always been very much attached t her wrk.
②Father asked me t attach a stamp t the envelpe and mail it.
③A yung man attached himself (he) t me at the party and I culdn’t get rid f him.
【写作金句】
Since the schl attaches great imprtance t this turnament, I hpe we can devte urselves t becming a strnger team.
由于学校对本次比赛非常重视, 我希望我们能致力于成为一支更强的队伍。
【【熟词生义】】I was attached t anther wrking grup. (vt. 给(某人)指派(特殊或临时任务))
我被派往另一个工作小组。
6. injure vt. 伤害, 使受伤
【教材原句】
Parents think their children may get injured and they wn’t let them play in the street. (P41)父母认为他们的孩子可能会受伤, 他们不会让孩子们在街上玩。
【易混辨析】
【语境速测】 完成句子
①The by injured his leg playing rugby.
这个男孩在打橄榄球时弄伤了腿。
②Yur remark may injure her pride.
你的话也许会伤害她的自尊心。
③My back is really hurting me tday.
我今天背疼得厉害。
【写作金句】
I wish nne f yur family gt injured. If yu need any help, please dn’t hesitate t cntact me. 我希望你的家人都没有受伤。如果你需要任何帮助, 请不要犹豫与我联系。
【巧学助记】
Ⅱ. 核心短语
7. get used t习惯于
【教材原句】
Yu’re ging t have t get used t bacn and eggs with a few slices f tast fr breakfast ver here, Aunt Mei! (P36)在这里, 你将不得不习惯于早餐吃咸肉、鸡蛋和一些烤面包, 梅姨!
【词块必记】
(1)be/becme/get used t (ding) sth. =be/becme/get accustmed t (ding) sth. 习惯于(做)某事
(2)be used t d sth. 被用来做某事
(3)used t d sth. 过去常常做某事(暗示现在已经不做了)
【误区释疑】短语be/becme/get used t中的t是介词, 其后需要跟名词、代词或动词-ing形式作宾语。
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①He gets used t getting (get) up early and he can enjy the fresh air in the mrning.
②Smartphnes are used t d (d) many things fr peple nw.
完成句子
③We used t sit in the yard every evening, listening t stries tld by my grandpa.
过去我们常常每天晚上坐在院子里, 听我的爷爷讲故事。
【写作金句】
Besides, I used t wrk in my spare time in an Internet cmpany.
此外, 我曾经在我的业余时间在一家互联网公司工作。
Ⅲ. 经典句式
8. Decide where t g n hliday with a friend. 决定好和朋友到哪里去度假。
【典型例句】
Many teachers say letting kids chse where t sit helps them learn hw t make gd chices.
许多老师说, 让孩子们自己选择座位可以帮助他们学会如何做出好的选择。
【句型公式】
(1)在“疑问词+不定式”结构中, 不定式必须用主动式而不能用被动式。
(2)why后跟不定式时, 省略不定式符号t。
(3)whether后可接不定式, 而if不可以。
【误区释疑】“特殊疑问词+不定式”结构, 在句中作主语、宾语、表语等。
【语境速测】 完成句子
①When and where t discuss the issue hasn’t been decided yet.
何时何地讨论这个问题还没有确定。
②Why nt discver what yu enjy and d that?
为什么不去发现你喜欢做的然后去做呢?
③The questin many students are puzzled abut is hw t study English well.
很多学生困惑的问题是怎样学好英语。
④I dn’t knw whether t accept it r nt.
我不知道是否接受它。
9. I had a similar experience the last time I visited China. 上次我到中国参观时有同样的经历。
【典型例句】
①The last time I came here, I met a famus singer.
上次我来这里时, 遇见了一位著名的歌星。
②The mment I saw her, I gave the letter t her.
我一见到她就把信给了她。
③The first time I saw him, he was reading a bk.
我第一次见到他时, 他正在看书。
【句型公式】
the last time作连词, 引导时间状语从句。类似的还有: the mment, the minute, the secnd, the instant, the day, the week, the mnth, the year, each/every/next/any/last time, immediately, instantly, directly, by the time, the first time等。
【语境速测】 完成句子
①I came t see yu instantly I heard the news.
我一听到这个消息, 就来看你了。
②By the time he was twelve, Edisn had begun t make a living by himself.
到爱迪生十二岁时, 他已经开始独自谋生。
③The first time I interviewed him, he lked a bit nervus.
我第一次采访他时, 他看上去有点紧张。
【写作金句】
In additin, anyne wh finds it is guaranteed t be rewarded with $50 the mment he/she returns the handbag. 此外, 任何找到它的人保证在归还手提包的那一刻获得50美元的奖励。
【备选要点】
1. we vt. 欠(情、债等); 归功于
【教材原句】
I certainly we yu an aplgy fr nt writing mre ften. (P36)
没有经常给你写信, 我的确欠你一个道歉。
【词块必记】
we sb. sth. =we sth. t sb. 欠某人某物
we. . . t. . . 把……归功于; 归因于
wing t因为; 由于
we it t sb. that. . . 多亏了某人
【误区释疑】
如果we的宾语是动词不定式或名词性从句, 可使用it作形式宾语, 将充当真正宾语的动词不定式或名词性从句放在句尾。
【思维拓展】表示“由于, 因为”的表达有: wing t, due t, because f, thanks t等。
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①These early settlers wed their survival t hard wrk and determinatin t succeed.
②I we it t yu that I finished my wrk ahead f time.
③Owing t the bad weather, the flight was delayed fr a cuple f hurs.
句型转换
④The cuntry wes freign cuntries billins f dllars because f the financial crisis.
→The cuntry wes billins f dllars t freign cuntries because f the financial crisis.
2. wander vi. 漫游, 闲逛, 徘徊
【教材原句】
We can wander thrugh the fields and even pick a few mushrms t have with ur breakfast! (P36)
我们可以在田野中漫步, 甚至可以采一些蘑菇和早饭一起吃!
【词块必记】
形近词: wnder vt. &vi. 想知道 n. 奇观, 奇迹
【巧学助记】
【熟词生义】
The rad wanders alng thrugh the hills.
这条路蜿蜒穿过群山。(v. 蜿蜒; 迂回曲折)
【语境速测】 完成句子
①He kept wandering up and dwn the street.
他在街上不停地来回闲逛。
②I’ll wander arund the mall fr half an hur.
我要在商场闲逛半个小时。
③She wandered aimlessly in the huse.
她漫无目的地在房子里走来走去。
语境填词
④He was wandering arund the pyramid, wndering hw n earth this wnder was built.
他在金字塔四周徘徊, 想知道这座奇观究竟是怎样建成的。
3. majrity n. 大半, 大多数
【教材原句】
But even thugh sme British peple are quite strange, the majrity f them are really friendly and I’ve made sme gd friends. (P36)
但是尽管有些英国人很古怪, 可他们大多数人是很友好的, 并且我已经交了一些好朋友。
【词块必记】
(1)a/the majrity f ……的大多数
in a/the majrity占大多数
by/with a majrity f以多数票……
(2)minrity n. 少数; 少数民族
in the minrity占少数
【误区释疑】“a/the majrity f+名词”作主语时, 其后谓语动词的单复数取决于f后名词的数。the majrity作主语时, 谓语动词既可以用复数, 也可以用单数。
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①Peple wh can speak English are in the majrity in this cuntry.
②The majrity f astrnauts frm America have been (be)men in the last few years.
③The candidate was put in by/with a majrity f ne thusand.
完成句子
④The white are in the majrity in Australia while the native peple in the minrity.
在澳大利亚, 白人占大多数而原住民占少数。
⑤The majrity was/were in favur f banning smking.
大多数人支持禁烟。
4. bear vt. (bre, brne/brn)容忍, 忍受; 承担(责任); 支撑; 承受; 生育; 出生; 结(果实); 携带 vi. 转向
【教材原句】
I can’t bear the way the native Australians have been treated. (P42)
我不能忍受对待土著澳大利亚人的方式。
【词块必记】
(1)bear the blame/respnsibility 受责备/承担责任
can’t bear ding/t d sth. 不能忍受做某事
bear sb. /sb. ’s ding sth. 忍受某人做某事
bear sth. in mind牢记某事
bear (it) in mind that. . . 牢记……
(2)bearable adj. 可忍受的, 能应付的
【巧学助记】
【误区释疑】
(1)bear意为“忍耐, 忍受”时, 通常与can, culd连用, 用于疑问句或否定句中。
(2)bear的过去式为bre, 过去分词是brne或brn, 表示“出生/自”时, 用brn, 并且仅用于被动语态; 表示“生育”时用brne。
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①I can’t bear yung peple casting(cast) away their yuth.
②I culdn’t bear listening/t listen (listen) any lnger,
s I left the rm.
③Yu shuld bear in mind what yu shuld d.
④She was the nly thing that made life bearable(bear).
完成句子
⑤Bear it in mind and gradually we can gain this gd learning habit and benefit frm it.
记住它, 逐渐地我们就能养成这个好的学习习惯并从中获益。
⑥Yu shuldn’t have t bear the blame fr ther peple’s mistakes.
你不应该非得代人受过。
【文化金句】
N man is brn wise r learned.
没有生而知之者。
5. see. . . ff给(某人)送行
【教材原句】
He insisted n walking me t the statin t see me ff. (P40)他坚持陪我走到车站为我送行。
【词块必记】
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①Yu were very clever t see thrugh him. He had deceived the rest f us.
②We must see t it that all jbs are finished befre 5 ’clck.
③I’m s glad yu’ve cme here t see t the matter in persn.
④Jhn is leaving fr Lndn tmrrw and I’ll see him ff at the airprt.
完成句子
⑤See t it that yu are ready n time. 务必按时准备好。
6. belng t属于
【典型例句】
While the tw are nly days apart in age they seem t belng t whlly different generatins. 虽然这两位年龄上只有几天之差, 但他们好像属于完全不同年代的人。
【词块必记】
(1)belnging n. 归属
a sense f belnging归属感
(2)belngingsn. 动产, 财物, 携带的物品
【误区释疑】
(1)belng含有持续进行的意思, 不能用进行时。
(2)belng是不及物动词, 没有含被动意味的过去分词, 无被动语态。
(3)belng t中的t为介词, 之后需跟名词、代词、动名词或what引导的宾语从句。
【语境速测】 完成句子
①Yu shuldn’t take what desn’t belng t yu.
你不该拿不属于你的东西。
②This is the huse with a beautiful garden belnging t the Smiths.
这所有着漂亮花园的房子是史密斯家的。
③It’s kind f a sense f belnging, a friendship, it’s hard t explain.
这是一种归属感, 友谊感, 这很难解释。
【写作金句】
Success belngs t the persevering.
坚持就是胜利。
7. break int强行闯入; 突然开始(笑、唱等)
【教材原句】
The burglar brke int the huse and Nancy saw him. (P41)窃贼闯进了屋子, 南希看见了他。
【词块必记】
【语境速测】 完成句子
①A dg wuld bark if smene tried t break int their huse.
如果有人试图闯入他们的房子, 狗就会叫。
②Many peple were expecting (that) the peace talks wuld break dwn.
许多人预料和平谈判会破裂。
③Yesterday, Jhn brke up with his girlfriend.
昨天, 约翰和他的女朋友分手了。
Ⅰ. 单句语法填空
1. (2020·新高考Ⅰ卷)Hwever, the majrity f peple are (be)effective speakers because they train t be.
2. (2019·全国卷Ⅰ)It als desn’t require a new type f technlgy that peple aren’t already familiar with.
3. (2019·江苏高考 )Emma had never taken herself as a crane and becme deeply attached(attach) t humans.
4. (2019·全国卷Ⅱ)This was an actual reply frm a parent after I put ut a request fr vlunteers fr my kids’ lacrsse(长曲棍球)club.
5. (2019·全国卷Ⅱ)These kids are s absrbed(absrb) in their studies that I just sit back. I dn’t teach.
Ⅱ. 语法填空(黑体词为本单元重点词汇)
It’s three mnths since I arrived in Lndn. I still remember that day when yu saw me 1. ff at the airprt. I certainly we an aplgy 2. t yu fr nt writing t yu. I have been 3. absrbed (absrb)in studying English literature. And I have been familiar 4. with the life here; that is, I have gt 5. used (use)t their custms and culture. Nw I am attached 6. t the city. I will call n yu the mment I cme back hme. I had an unfrgettable experience the last time I went t Britain. 7. Owing(we) t my pr English, I had a difficult time taking a taxi. Luckily, sme warm-hearted peple gave me 8. a lift at 9. my(I)request. Besides, they tld me hw t take a taxi and hw t ask the way. Withut the help f thse peple, I wuldn’t have had a happy time there. Tm and I are gd friends and we ften study tgether and exchange ur ideas 10. with each ther, but the majrity f my classmates say that we have been in lve. I can’t bear it and want t bring an end t the gssip, but I dn’t knw hw t deal with it. Luckily, with the help f my English teacher, my classmates have knwn mre abut ur friendship. Hw happy I am!
Ⅲ. 短文改错
(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)
Thank yu fr yur letter, what really made me happy. I’m glad t knw that yu’ve cme China t learn kung fu in a schl in my hmetwn. I’m surely yu’ll have a gd time. Actually, I start t learn kung fu when I was seven years ld, fr I have lng been ut f practice. Luckily, I will g hme in tw weeks fr summer vacatins. Then I can spare sme time t learn it again, such that we can practice tgether n every day. Best f luck with yurs learning kung fu in China. See yu sner.
答案:
Thank yu fr yur letter, what QUOTE really made me happy. I’m glad t knw that yu’ve cme QUOTE China t learn kung fu in a schl in my hmetwn. I’m surely QUOTE yu’ll have a gd time. Actually, I start QUOTE t learn kung fu when I was seven years ld, fr QUOTE I have lng been ut f practice. Luckily, I will g hme in tw weeks fr summer vacatins QUOTE . Then I can spare sme time t learn it again, such QUOTE that we can practice tgether n every day. Best f luck with yurs QUOTE learning kung fu in China. See yu sner QUOTE .
1. 【解析】第一句what →which。考查定语从句。which really made me happy是关系代词which引导的非限制性定语从句, 修饰letter。what是连接代词, 引导名词性从句。
2. 【解析】第二句cme后面加t。考查介词。cme是不及物动词, 表示“来到某地”, 用cme t sme place。
3. 【解析】第三句surely →sure。考查词性。此处需要形容词作表语。
4. 【解析】第四句start →started。考查时态。根据时间状语从句when I was seven years ld可知此处用一般过去时。
5. 【解析】第四句fr →but/yet。句意: 事实上, 我在七岁时开始学习功夫, 但是我已经长时间疏于练习。由此可知前后是转折关系, 所以把fr改为but或者yet。
6. 【解析】第五句vacatins→ vacatin。此处特指“暑假”这一个假期, 所以用vacatin的单数。
7. 【解析】第六句such→ s。s that引导目的状语从句。句意: 然后我会抽出时间再次学习功夫, 这样我们每天就能在一起练习。
8. 【解析】第六句去掉n。every +day/week/mnth/year作状语时, 前面不加介词。
9. 【解析】第七句yurs →yur/ yu。with是介词, 后面接动词的-ing形式作宾语。动词的-ing形式的逻辑主语如果是代词, 可以用代词的宾格或形容词性物主代词。
10. 【解析】第八句sner →sn。see yu sn是一种固定表达, 表示“(不久)再见”, 不用sn的比较级。
核心素养 让学生能在了解国内外文化差异的前提下, 认清并树立积极向上的价值观。
高考链接 2020·新高考全国Ⅰ卷阅读理解C; 2020·天津高考阅读理解D; 2019·北京高考阅读理解B
Ⅰ. 话题与阅读理解
(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ卷阅读理解C)
In the mid-1990s, Tm Bissell taught English as a vlunteer in Uzbekistan. He left after seven mnths, physically brken and having lst his mind. A few years later, still attracted t the cuntry, he returned t Uzbekistan t write an article abut the disappearance f the Aral Sea.
His visit, hwever, ended up invlving a lt mre than that. Hence this bk, Chasing the Sea: Lst Amng the Ghsts f Empire in Central Asia, which talks abut a rad trip frm Tashkent t Karakalpakstan, where millins f lives have been destryed by the slw drying up f the sea. It is the stry f an American travelling t a strange land, and f the peple he meets n his way: Rustam, his translatr, a lvely 24-year-ld wh picked up his clrful English in Califrnia, Oleg and Natasha, his hsts in Tashkent, and a string f freign aid wrkers.
This is a quick lk at life in Uzbekistan, made f friendliness and warmth, but als its darker side f sciety. In Samarkand, Mr Bissell admires the architectural wnders, while n his way t Bukhara he gets a taste f plice methds when suspected f drug dealing. In Ferghana, he attends a muntain funeral(葬礼)fllwed by a strange drinking party. And in Karakalpakstan, he is saddened by the dust strms, diseases and fishing bats stuck miles frm the sea.
Mr Bissell skillfully rganizes histrical insights and cultural references, making his tale a well-runded picture f Uzbekistan, seen frm Western eyes. His judgment and references are decidedly American, as well as his delicate stmach. As the authr explains, this is neither a travel nr a histry bk, r even a piece f reprtage. Whatever it is, the result is a fine and vivid descriptin f the purest f Central Asian traditins.
【文章大意】本文是对Tm Bissell的书的介绍与评论。
1. What made Mr Bissell return t Uzbekistan?
A. His friends’ invitatin.
B. His interest in the cuntry.
C. His lve fr teaching.
D. His desire t regain health.
【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第一段中的A few years later, still attracted t the cuntry, he returned t Uzbekistan t write an article abut the. . . 可知他对这个国家感兴趣。
2. What des the underlined wrd “that” in Paragraph 2 refer t?
A. Develping a serius mental disease.
B. Taking a guided tur in Central Asia.
C. Wrking as a vlunteer in Uzbekistan.
D. Writing an article abut the Aral Sea.
【解析】选D。词义猜测题。根据第二段的第一句话“他再次访问乌兹别克斯坦的结果比那要多得多”可推知that指代上一段的最后一句话也就是他去那里的目的, 即写一本关于the Aral Sea消失的书, 故选D。
3. Which f the fllwing best describes Mr Bissell’s rad trip in Uzbekistan?
A. Rmantic. B. Eventful.
C. Pleasant. D. Dangerus.
【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据文中的第二、三段, 特别是第三段他被警察怀疑贩毒, 参加了奇怪的葬礼, 后来又突然遭遇沙尘暴、疾病、渔船困在了海里等这样的经历可推知他的乌兹别克斯坦之旅是“多事故的”, 故选B。
4. What is the purpse f this text?
A. T intrduce a bk.
B. T explain a cultural phenmenn.
C. T remember a writer.
D. T recmmend a travel destinatin.
【解析】选A。主旨大意题。分析文章结构可知作者先引出书的名字, 在第二、三段对书做了简单介绍, 以及最后对书进行评价, 故作者的目的就是介绍这样一本书。故选A。
【微技能点拨】 顺藤摸瓜, 把控故事情节
本文属于记叙文, 是高考阅读理解中难度比较低的, 基本上都是按照故事发展的时间顺序来展开。最后经常有一两句话抒发作者的情绪和感悟, 这是记叙文的精华也是难点。主要考查细节、猜词和推断, 如本文。 因此, 学生首先要弄清楚故事情节(what, wh, when, where, why), 顺藤摸瓜, 定位与题目相关的词句甚至段落, 透过字里行间(发生了什么)把握作者的情感或寓意表达。
本文中第1题为细节理解题, 根据策略解题如下:
Step 1 确定题干关键词:
题干关键词: what. . . Mr Bissell return t Uzbekista
Step 2 回到原文准定位: 第一段第三句A few years later, still attracted t the cuntry, he returned t Uzbekistan t write an article abut the disappearance f the Aral Sea.
Step 3 对比选项找最佳: 尝试解答 B 。
【微语法填空】
阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ卷阅读理解C改编)
In the mid-1990s, Tm Bissell taught English as 1. a vlunteer in Uzbekistan. He left after seven mnths, physically brken and having lst his mind. A few years later, still 2. attracted(attract) t the cuntry, he returned t Uzbekistan t write an article abut the disappearance f the Aral Sea.
His visit, hwever, ended up 3. invlving( invlve) a lt mre than that. Hence this bk, Chasing the Sea: Lst Amng the Ghsts f Empire in Central Asia, which talks abut a rad trip frm Tashkent t Karakalpakstan, 4. where millins f lives have been destryed by the slw drying up f the sea. It is the stry f an American travelling t a strange land, and f the peple he meets n his way: Rustam, his translatr, a lvely 24-year-ld wh 5. picked(pick) up his clrful English in Califrnia, Oleg and Natasha, his hsts in Tashkent, and a string f freign aid wrkers.
This is a quick lk at life in Uzbekistan, made f friendliness and warmth, but als its darker side f sciety. In Samarkand, Mr Bissell 6. admires (admire) the architectural wnders, while n his way t Bukhara he gets a taste f plice methds when suspected f drug dealing. In Ferghana, he attends a muntain funeral(葬礼)fllwed by a strange drinking party. And in Karakalpakstan, he is saddened by the dust strms, diseases and fishing bats stuck miles frm the sea.
Mr Bissell skillfully rganizes histrical insights and cultural references, making his tale a well-runded picture f Uzbekistan, seen frm Western eyes. 7. His(He) judgment and references are decidedly American, as 8. well as his delicate stmach. As the authr explains, this is neither a travel nr a histry bk, r even a piece f reprtage. Whatever it is, the result is a fine and vivid descriptin f the purest f Central Asian traditins.
Ⅱ. 话题与写作
中国和西方的饮食习惯有些差异, 因此当你在异国他乡时要彼此理解尊重。假如你是李华, 请写一篇介绍中西饮食习惯差异的短文。
注意: 1. 词数100左右;
2. 可以适当增加细节, 以使行文连贯;
3. 尽量使用本单元学过的词汇和短语。
Step 1 写作技巧
(1)词汇提升 根据汉语提示补全句子。
①中西方饮食习惯存在着很多的差异。
There are sme differences between Chinese and western eating habits.
②现在一些人在熟悉这些习惯上有困难。
Sme peple have truble in getting familiar with them nwadays.
③中国人习惯于大家共吃一桌菜, 而西方人则更喜欢吃自己餐具里的食物。
Chinese are accustmed t sharing all the dishes tgether while westerners adjust t having their plates f fd alne.
④如果有太多人吃饭, 西方人会不喜欢。
If there are t many peple at table, westerners will dislike it.
⑤在中国, 如果是一个非常正式的招待会, 比如婚礼, 那将提供大量的饭菜, 有些是吃不完。
In China, if it is a very frmal receptin such as a wedding party, a huge amunt f fd will be supplied. Sme f it is left ver.
⑥这不仅浪费食物, 而且会比西方人在吃饭上花费更多的时间。
It is nt nly a waste f fd, but als it takes up mre time fr Chinese t have dinner than westerners.
⑦吃完饭后, 他们或许也会带你参观他们的房间。
After dinner, they maybe shw yu arund their huses.
(2)句式升级
⑧用dislike it if/when改写句④。
Westerners will dislike it if there are t many peple at table.
⑨用非限制性定语从句改写句⑤。
In China, if it is a very frmal receptin such as a wedding party, a huge amunt f fd will be supplied, sme f which is left ver.
⑩用倒装句改写句⑥。
Nt nly is it a waste f fd, but als it takes up mre time fr Chinese t have dinner than westerners.
Step 2 妙笔成篇 运用关联词串连以上句子。
There are sme differences between Chinese and western eating habits. Sme peple have truble in getting familiar with them nwadays, fr example, Chinese are accustmed t sharing all the dishes tgether while westerners adjust t having their plates f fd alne. Westerners will dislike it if there are t many peple at table.
In China if it is a very frmal receptin such as a wedding party, a huge amunt f fd will be supplied, sme f which is left ver. Nt nly is it a waste f fd, but als it takes up mre time fr Chinese t have dinner than westerners.
S it is imprtant t get familiar with these differences when yu are eating with freigners r travelling verseas.
【加固训练】阅读填句
(2021·雅安模拟)
Chinese culture values family bnds (纽带) very much. Family members dn’t just gather during the hlidays, in fact they ften live under ne rf all year rund.
Different cultures have different family values. 1
In mst East Asian cultures, extended families(大家庭) are cmmn. 2 Accrding t the Atlantic, 90 percent f children in Shanghai and 70 percent f children in Beijing were cared fr by their grandparents. Chinese peple believe that “a grandparent is a treasure t their family”.
In many Western cuntries, mst families are nuclear families (小家庭). These are nly made up f children and their parents.
Additinally, the duties parents have tward their children can als differ.
3 It’s nrmal fr parents t pay fr their children’s cllege, help them find a jb, r buy them an apartment. Chinese adults als fllw their parents’ pinins when making majr life decisins, mre ften than nt.
In mst Western cuntries, hwever, kids usually mve ut f the huse after they turn 18. 4 Als, if they chse t keep living with their parents after becming an adult, it can be seen by sme as a failure n their part.
While the East cares mre abut clse family bnds, the West values privacy and independence. 5 Families will always be a surce f lve, warmth, and care fr peple arund the wrld.
A. These families have three r even fur generatins living tgether.
B. Nuclear families are the mst cmmn type in China.
C. In China, many parents lk after their children all the way int adulthd.
D. Families in the East and West are very different frm each ther.
E. But in the end, hme is best—East r West.
F. Many yung peple ging t cllege ften need t take ut lans and wrk part-time jbs in rder t pay fr tuitin and rent.
G. Bth Easterners and Westerners value quality family time.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章对比说明了中西方对待家庭关系的不同观念。
1. 【解析】选D。根据空前“不同的文化有不同的家庭价值观”可知, D项“东西方的家庭彼此有很大的不同”切题, 是对空前的进一步阐述。D项中“Families”“different”都与空前内容呼应。故选D项。
2. 【解析】选A。空前提到“在大部分东亚文化中, 大家庭很常见”, 再根据空后“. . . were cared fr by their grandparents. ”可知, 这些家庭很多成员会住在一起, A项“这些家庭有三代人甚至四代人住在一起”切题, A项中“These families”指代空前提到的“extended families”。故选A项。
3. 【解析】选C。根据空后“父母为孩子支付大学学费, 帮助他们找工作, 或者为他们买房子, 这些都是很正常的”及“Chinese adults”可知, 此处是在讲中国的家庭关系, C项“在中国, 许多的父母是把孩子从小照顾到成年”切题, 故选C项。
4. 【解析】选F。根据空前“大多数西方国家的孩子成年后就会搬出去住”可知, F项“很多上大学的年轻人需要贷款和做兼职来支付他们自己的学费和房租”承接上文, 都是讲述西方的家庭关系, 符合语境。故选F项。
5. 【解析】选E。根据空前“东方更关心亲密的家庭关系, 而西方则重视隐私和独立”及空后“家庭永远是爱、温暖和关心世界各地人们的源泉”可知, E项“但最终, 家都是最好的地方——无论在东方还是西方”承上启下, 符合语境。故选E项。
injure
尤指(人)在事故中受伤, 大多造成容颜、机能的损害
hurt
指(人)在平时或事故中受伤, 有强烈的疼痛感; 还可指对心理的伤害
wund
指(人)在战斗、攻击中受伤, 身体上出现明显的伤口
对应教材: 必修4 Unit 12 Culture Shck; 选修7 Unit 19 Language; 选修 8 Unit 23 Cnflict
Ⅰ. 细品味经典文章
(2018·全国卷Ⅲ阅读理解C)
While famus freign architects are invited t lead the designs f landmark buildings in China such as the new CCTV twer and the Natinal Center fr the Perfrming Arts, many excellent Chinese architects are making great effrts t take the center stage.
Their effrts have been prven fruitful. Wang Shu, a 49-year-ld Chinese architect, wn the 2012 Pritzker Architecture Prize—which is ften referred t as the Nbel Prize in architecture—n February 28. He is the first Chinese citizen t win this award.
Wang serves as head f the Architecture Department at the China Academy f Art(CAA). His ffice is lcated at the Xiangshan campus (校园)f the university in Hangzhu, Zhejiang Prvince. Many buildings n the campus are his riginal creatins.
The style f the campus is quite different frm that f mst Chinese universities. Many visitrs were amazed by the cmplex architectural space and abundant building types. The curves (曲线)f the buildings perfectly match the rise and fall f hills, frming a unique view.
Wang cllected mre than 7 millin abandned bricks f different ages. He asked the wrkers t use traditinal techniques t make the bricks int walls, rfs and crridrs. This creatin attracted a lt f attentin thanks t its mixture f mdern and traditinal Chinese elements(元素).
Wang’s wrks shw a deep understanding f mdern architecture and a gd knwledge f traditins. Thrugh such a balance, he had created a new type f Chinese architecture, said Tada And, the winner f the 1995 Pritzker Prize.
Wang believes traditins shuld nt be sealed in glass bxes at museums. “That is nly evidence that traditins nce existed, ”he said.
“Many Chinese peple have a misunderstanding f traditins. They think traditin means ld things frm the past. In fact, traditin als refers t the things that have been develping and that are still being created, ”he said.
“Tday, many Chinese peple are learning Western styles and theries rather than fcusing n Chinese traditins. Many peple tend t talk abut traditins withut knwing what they really are, ” said Wang.
The study f traditins shuld be cmbined with practice. Otherwise, the recreatin f traditins wuld be artificial and empty, he said.
Ⅱ. 按要求完成任务
1. 写出文章中与文化有关的单词或短语。
freign, fruitful, riginal, creatin, style, different, cmplex, abundant, unique, traditinal, mixture, mdern, element, understanding, western, cmbine, recreatin
2. 你认为跨文化交际中应该注意什么?
First f all, learning mther culture well is the premise f crss-cultural cmmunicatin. Secndly, equality and respect are the fundatin f crss-cultural cmmunicatin. Finally, self-rientatin is the essence f crss-cultural cmmunicatin.
Ⅰ. 重点词汇
1. absrb vt. 吸收; 理解, 掌握; 使专心; 使全神贯注
【教材原句】
I’ve just been s busy studying and trying t absrb all the new things arund me — I think I’m still experiencing culture shck. (P36)我只是一直在忙着学习并试图接受我周围的一切新事物——我认为我仍然经受着文化冲击。
【词块必记】
(1)absrb sb. ’s attentin t (ding) sth.
吸引某人对(做)某事的注意力
absrb. . . int. . . 把……吸收到/并入……
(2)be absrbed by/int. . . 被……吞并; 为……所吸收
be absrbed in (ding) sth. 全神贯注于/热衷于/一心从事(做)某事
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①Mst little shps have been absrbed by/int big businesses.
②He was absrbed in the bks after brrwing them frm a bkshp.
③Certain chemicals are easily absrbed int the bldstream, while thers are nt.
完成句子
④He was s absrbed in a bk that he did nt hear the bell.
他如此专心致志地读书以致没听见铃响。
【巧学助记】
【熟词生义】
The cmpany is unable t absrb such huge lsses.
这家公司不能够承受如此大的损失。(vt. 承受, 承担)
2. exchange vt. &n. 兑换, 交换
【教材原句】
Talking f mney—it’s really easy t exchange traveller’s cheques at banks r htels s I advise yu t get sme f thse befre yu cme. (P36)
说到钱——在银行或宾馆里兑换旅行支票真的是很容易, 因此我建议你在来之前兑换一些。
【词块必记】
(1)exchange sth. fr sth. 以某物交换某物
exchange sth. with sb. 与某人交换某物
(2)make an exchange交换
in exchange fr sth. 交换某物; 作为交换……
【构词法】
ex-(动词前缀)+change→exchange vt. & n. 兑换, 交换
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①I will make the best f the pprtunity t exchange ideas with them.
②I’ve ffered t paint the kitchen in exchange fr a week’s accmmdatin.
③I’ll type yur reprt if yu’ll babysit t make an exchange.
④If the curses dn’t meet yur demands, yu can easily exchange them fr any ther curse that we prvide.
【写作金句】
When I was in Senir Ⅱ, I gt a chance t study in yur cuntry—the UK fr three mnths as an exchange student.
当我在高二的时候, 我得到了一个机会去你的国家——英国, 作为一名交换生去学习三个月。
【巧学助记】
3. request n. & vt. 请求; 要求
【教材原句】
. . . t make a request t smene yu dn’t knw very well. (P39)
……向你不甚了解的人做出请求。
【词块必记】
【误区释疑】
在与request相关的名词性从句或“It is/was requested that. . . ”句型中, 从句谓语动词用“shuld+d”表示虚拟语气, shuld可以省略。
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①The shw was repeated at the request f audience.
②The wrkers requested that their wrking cnditins(shuld) be imprved (imprve) further.
③Yu can talk t the rbt, ask it questins, and make requests fr it t perfrm different tasks.
一句多译
老板要求我们不要在办公室里聊天。
④The bss requested us nt t chat in the ffice. (request sb. nt t d)
⑤The bss requested that we (shuld) nt chat in the ffice. (request that)
⑥It was requested that we (shuld) nt chat in the ffice. (It is/was requested that)
【写作金句】
As requested, the students wh want t participate in it shuld submit a bk reprt in English befre the deadline.
按照要求, 想参加的学生必须在截止日期前提交一份英文读书报告。
4. familiar adj. 熟悉的, 常见的
【教材原句】
Jin Li fund the American way f life familiar sn after her arrival in the USA. (P40)金丽到达美国后很快就发现自己对美国的生活方式很熟悉了。
【词块必记】
sb. be familiar with sth. 某人对某物熟悉
sth. be familiar t sb. = sth. be knwn t sb.
某物为某人所熟悉
【误区释疑】
be familiar with主语一般是有生命的人, 意为“某人对某人/某事熟悉”; be familiar t主语一般是无生命的事物, 意为“某事为某人所熟悉”。
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①I’ve just cme here. I’m still nt familiar with the wrk.
②Since Beijing is familiar t me, I can shw visitrs arund the places f interest in Beijing.
完成句子
③I was s familiar with him that I recgnized his vice instantly I picked up the phne.
我对他是如此熟悉以至于我一拿起电话就听出了他的声音。
【写作金句】
What’s mre, I am familiar with the lcal cnditins. 更重要的是, 我熟悉当地的情况。
5. attach vt. 系, 固定; 附上, 贴上; 喜欢, 依恋
【教材原句】
At first, we didn’t feel we belng here, but nw we are attached t the land we live n. (P42)
起初, 我们并不认为自己属于这里, 但是现在我们已与我们所居住的土地联系在了一起。
【词块必记】
(1)attach. . . t. . . 把……固定/附/贴在……上
attach imprtance/significance/value t. . .
认为……重要/有意义/有价值
attach neself t sb. 与某人在一起; 缠着某人
(2)attached adj. 依恋的; 附加的
(be) attached t附属于; 依恋
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①She has always been very much attached t her wrk.
②Father asked me t attach a stamp t the envelpe and mail it.
③A yung man attached himself (he) t me at the party and I culdn’t get rid f him.
【写作金句】
Since the schl attaches great imprtance t this turnament, I hpe we can devte urselves t becming a strnger team.
由于学校对本次比赛非常重视, 我希望我们能致力于成为一支更强的队伍。
【【熟词生义】】I was attached t anther wrking grup. (vt. 给(某人)指派(特殊或临时任务))
我被派往另一个工作小组。
6. injure vt. 伤害, 使受伤
【教材原句】
Parents think their children may get injured and they wn’t let them play in the street. (P41)父母认为他们的孩子可能会受伤, 他们不会让孩子们在街上玩。
【易混辨析】
【语境速测】 完成句子
①The by injured his leg playing rugby.
这个男孩在打橄榄球时弄伤了腿。
②Yur remark may injure her pride.
你的话也许会伤害她的自尊心。
③My back is really hurting me tday.
我今天背疼得厉害。
【写作金句】
I wish nne f yur family gt injured. If yu need any help, please dn’t hesitate t cntact me. 我希望你的家人都没有受伤。如果你需要任何帮助, 请不要犹豫与我联系。
【巧学助记】
Ⅱ. 核心短语
7. get used t习惯于
【教材原句】
Yu’re ging t have t get used t bacn and eggs with a few slices f tast fr breakfast ver here, Aunt Mei! (P36)在这里, 你将不得不习惯于早餐吃咸肉、鸡蛋和一些烤面包, 梅姨!
【词块必记】
(1)be/becme/get used t (ding) sth. =be/becme/get accustmed t (ding) sth. 习惯于(做)某事
(2)be used t d sth. 被用来做某事
(3)used t d sth. 过去常常做某事(暗示现在已经不做了)
【误区释疑】短语be/becme/get used t中的t是介词, 其后需要跟名词、代词或动词-ing形式作宾语。
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①He gets used t getting (get) up early and he can enjy the fresh air in the mrning.
②Smartphnes are used t d (d) many things fr peple nw.
完成句子
③We used t sit in the yard every evening, listening t stries tld by my grandpa.
过去我们常常每天晚上坐在院子里, 听我的爷爷讲故事。
【写作金句】
Besides, I used t wrk in my spare time in an Internet cmpany.
此外, 我曾经在我的业余时间在一家互联网公司工作。
Ⅲ. 经典句式
8. Decide where t g n hliday with a friend. 决定好和朋友到哪里去度假。
【典型例句】
Many teachers say letting kids chse where t sit helps them learn hw t make gd chices.
许多老师说, 让孩子们自己选择座位可以帮助他们学会如何做出好的选择。
【句型公式】
(1)在“疑问词+不定式”结构中, 不定式必须用主动式而不能用被动式。
(2)why后跟不定式时, 省略不定式符号t。
(3)whether后可接不定式, 而if不可以。
【误区释疑】“特殊疑问词+不定式”结构, 在句中作主语、宾语、表语等。
【语境速测】 完成句子
①When and where t discuss the issue hasn’t been decided yet.
何时何地讨论这个问题还没有确定。
②Why nt discver what yu enjy and d that?
为什么不去发现你喜欢做的然后去做呢?
③The questin many students are puzzled abut is hw t study English well.
很多学生困惑的问题是怎样学好英语。
④I dn’t knw whether t accept it r nt.
我不知道是否接受它。
9. I had a similar experience the last time I visited China. 上次我到中国参观时有同样的经历。
【典型例句】
①The last time I came here, I met a famus singer.
上次我来这里时, 遇见了一位著名的歌星。
②The mment I saw her, I gave the letter t her.
我一见到她就把信给了她。
③The first time I saw him, he was reading a bk.
我第一次见到他时, 他正在看书。
【句型公式】
the last time作连词, 引导时间状语从句。类似的还有: the mment, the minute, the secnd, the instant, the day, the week, the mnth, the year, each/every/next/any/last time, immediately, instantly, directly, by the time, the first time等。
【语境速测】 完成句子
①I came t see yu instantly I heard the news.
我一听到这个消息, 就来看你了。
②By the time he was twelve, Edisn had begun t make a living by himself.
到爱迪生十二岁时, 他已经开始独自谋生。
③The first time I interviewed him, he lked a bit nervus.
我第一次采访他时, 他看上去有点紧张。
【写作金句】
In additin, anyne wh finds it is guaranteed t be rewarded with $50 the mment he/she returns the handbag. 此外, 任何找到它的人保证在归还手提包的那一刻获得50美元的奖励。
【备选要点】
1. we vt. 欠(情、债等); 归功于
【教材原句】
I certainly we yu an aplgy fr nt writing mre ften. (P36)
没有经常给你写信, 我的确欠你一个道歉。
【词块必记】
we sb. sth. =we sth. t sb. 欠某人某物
we. . . t. . . 把……归功于; 归因于
wing t因为; 由于
we it t sb. that. . . 多亏了某人
【误区释疑】
如果we的宾语是动词不定式或名词性从句, 可使用it作形式宾语, 将充当真正宾语的动词不定式或名词性从句放在句尾。
【思维拓展】表示“由于, 因为”的表达有: wing t, due t, because f, thanks t等。
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①These early settlers wed their survival t hard wrk and determinatin t succeed.
②I we it t yu that I finished my wrk ahead f time.
③Owing t the bad weather, the flight was delayed fr a cuple f hurs.
句型转换
④The cuntry wes freign cuntries billins f dllars because f the financial crisis.
→The cuntry wes billins f dllars t freign cuntries because f the financial crisis.
2. wander vi. 漫游, 闲逛, 徘徊
【教材原句】
We can wander thrugh the fields and even pick a few mushrms t have with ur breakfast! (P36)
我们可以在田野中漫步, 甚至可以采一些蘑菇和早饭一起吃!
【词块必记】
形近词: wnder vt. &vi. 想知道 n. 奇观, 奇迹
【巧学助记】
【熟词生义】
The rad wanders alng thrugh the hills.
这条路蜿蜒穿过群山。(v. 蜿蜒; 迂回曲折)
【语境速测】 完成句子
①He kept wandering up and dwn the street.
他在街上不停地来回闲逛。
②I’ll wander arund the mall fr half an hur.
我要在商场闲逛半个小时。
③She wandered aimlessly in the huse.
她漫无目的地在房子里走来走去。
语境填词
④He was wandering arund the pyramid, wndering hw n earth this wnder was built.
他在金字塔四周徘徊, 想知道这座奇观究竟是怎样建成的。
3. majrity n. 大半, 大多数
【教材原句】
But even thugh sme British peple are quite strange, the majrity f them are really friendly and I’ve made sme gd friends. (P36)
但是尽管有些英国人很古怪, 可他们大多数人是很友好的, 并且我已经交了一些好朋友。
【词块必记】
(1)a/the majrity f ……的大多数
in a/the majrity占大多数
by/with a majrity f以多数票……
(2)minrity n. 少数; 少数民族
in the minrity占少数
【误区释疑】“a/the majrity f+名词”作主语时, 其后谓语动词的单复数取决于f后名词的数。the majrity作主语时, 谓语动词既可以用复数, 也可以用单数。
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①Peple wh can speak English are in the majrity in this cuntry.
②The majrity f astrnauts frm America have been (be)men in the last few years.
③The candidate was put in by/with a majrity f ne thusand.
完成句子
④The white are in the majrity in Australia while the native peple in the minrity.
在澳大利亚, 白人占大多数而原住民占少数。
⑤The majrity was/were in favur f banning smking.
大多数人支持禁烟。
4. bear vt. (bre, brne/brn)容忍, 忍受; 承担(责任); 支撑; 承受; 生育; 出生; 结(果实); 携带 vi. 转向
【教材原句】
I can’t bear the way the native Australians have been treated. (P42)
我不能忍受对待土著澳大利亚人的方式。
【词块必记】
(1)bear the blame/respnsibility 受责备/承担责任
can’t bear ding/t d sth. 不能忍受做某事
bear sb. /sb. ’s ding sth. 忍受某人做某事
bear sth. in mind牢记某事
bear (it) in mind that. . . 牢记……
(2)bearable adj. 可忍受的, 能应付的
【巧学助记】
【误区释疑】
(1)bear意为“忍耐, 忍受”时, 通常与can, culd连用, 用于疑问句或否定句中。
(2)bear的过去式为bre, 过去分词是brne或brn, 表示“出生/自”时, 用brn, 并且仅用于被动语态; 表示“生育”时用brne。
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①I can’t bear yung peple casting(cast) away their yuth.
②I culdn’t bear listening/t listen (listen) any lnger,
s I left the rm.
③Yu shuld bear in mind what yu shuld d.
④She was the nly thing that made life bearable(bear).
完成句子
⑤Bear it in mind and gradually we can gain this gd learning habit and benefit frm it.
记住它, 逐渐地我们就能养成这个好的学习习惯并从中获益。
⑥Yu shuldn’t have t bear the blame fr ther peple’s mistakes.
你不应该非得代人受过。
【文化金句】
N man is brn wise r learned.
没有生而知之者。
5. see. . . ff给(某人)送行
【教材原句】
He insisted n walking me t the statin t see me ff. (P40)他坚持陪我走到车站为我送行。
【词块必记】
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①Yu were very clever t see thrugh him. He had deceived the rest f us.
②We must see t it that all jbs are finished befre 5 ’clck.
③I’m s glad yu’ve cme here t see t the matter in persn.
④Jhn is leaving fr Lndn tmrrw and I’ll see him ff at the airprt.
完成句子
⑤See t it that yu are ready n time. 务必按时准备好。
6. belng t属于
【典型例句】
While the tw are nly days apart in age they seem t belng t whlly different generatins. 虽然这两位年龄上只有几天之差, 但他们好像属于完全不同年代的人。
【词块必记】
(1)belnging n. 归属
a sense f belnging归属感
(2)belngingsn. 动产, 财物, 携带的物品
【误区释疑】
(1)belng含有持续进行的意思, 不能用进行时。
(2)belng是不及物动词, 没有含被动意味的过去分词, 无被动语态。
(3)belng t中的t为介词, 之后需跟名词、代词、动名词或what引导的宾语从句。
【语境速测】 完成句子
①Yu shuldn’t take what desn’t belng t yu.
你不该拿不属于你的东西。
②This is the huse with a beautiful garden belnging t the Smiths.
这所有着漂亮花园的房子是史密斯家的。
③It’s kind f a sense f belnging, a friendship, it’s hard t explain.
这是一种归属感, 友谊感, 这很难解释。
【写作金句】
Success belngs t the persevering.
坚持就是胜利。
7. break int强行闯入; 突然开始(笑、唱等)
【教材原句】
The burglar brke int the huse and Nancy saw him. (P41)窃贼闯进了屋子, 南希看见了他。
【词块必记】
【语境速测】 完成句子
①A dg wuld bark if smene tried t break int their huse.
如果有人试图闯入他们的房子, 狗就会叫。
②Many peple were expecting (that) the peace talks wuld break dwn.
许多人预料和平谈判会破裂。
③Yesterday, Jhn brke up with his girlfriend.
昨天, 约翰和他的女朋友分手了。
Ⅰ. 单句语法填空
1. (2020·新高考Ⅰ卷)Hwever, the majrity f peple are (be)effective speakers because they train t be.
2. (2019·全国卷Ⅰ)It als desn’t require a new type f technlgy that peple aren’t already familiar with.
3. (2019·江苏高考 )Emma had never taken herself as a crane and becme deeply attached(attach) t humans.
4. (2019·全国卷Ⅱ)This was an actual reply frm a parent after I put ut a request fr vlunteers fr my kids’ lacrsse(长曲棍球)club.
5. (2019·全国卷Ⅱ)These kids are s absrbed(absrb) in their studies that I just sit back. I dn’t teach.
Ⅱ. 语法填空(黑体词为本单元重点词汇)
It’s three mnths since I arrived in Lndn. I still remember that day when yu saw me 1. ff at the airprt. I certainly we an aplgy 2. t yu fr nt writing t yu. I have been 3. absrbed (absrb)in studying English literature. And I have been familiar 4. with the life here; that is, I have gt 5. used (use)t their custms and culture. Nw I am attached 6. t the city. I will call n yu the mment I cme back hme. I had an unfrgettable experience the last time I went t Britain. 7. Owing(we) t my pr English, I had a difficult time taking a taxi. Luckily, sme warm-hearted peple gave me 8. a lift at 9. my(I)request. Besides, they tld me hw t take a taxi and hw t ask the way. Withut the help f thse peple, I wuldn’t have had a happy time there. Tm and I are gd friends and we ften study tgether and exchange ur ideas 10. with each ther, but the majrity f my classmates say that we have been in lve. I can’t bear it and want t bring an end t the gssip, but I dn’t knw hw t deal with it. Luckily, with the help f my English teacher, my classmates have knwn mre abut ur friendship. Hw happy I am!
Ⅲ. 短文改错
(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)
Thank yu fr yur letter, what really made me happy. I’m glad t knw that yu’ve cme China t learn kung fu in a schl in my hmetwn. I’m surely yu’ll have a gd time. Actually, I start t learn kung fu when I was seven years ld, fr I have lng been ut f practice. Luckily, I will g hme in tw weeks fr summer vacatins. Then I can spare sme time t learn it again, such that we can practice tgether n every day. Best f luck with yurs learning kung fu in China. See yu sner.
答案:
Thank yu fr yur letter, what QUOTE really made me happy. I’m glad t knw that yu’ve cme QUOTE China t learn kung fu in a schl in my hmetwn. I’m surely QUOTE yu’ll have a gd time. Actually, I start QUOTE t learn kung fu when I was seven years ld, fr QUOTE I have lng been ut f practice. Luckily, I will g hme in tw weeks fr summer vacatins QUOTE . Then I can spare sme time t learn it again, such QUOTE that we can practice tgether n every day. Best f luck with yurs QUOTE learning kung fu in China. See yu sner QUOTE .
1. 【解析】第一句what →which。考查定语从句。which really made me happy是关系代词which引导的非限制性定语从句, 修饰letter。what是连接代词, 引导名词性从句。
2. 【解析】第二句cme后面加t。考查介词。cme是不及物动词, 表示“来到某地”, 用cme t sme place。
3. 【解析】第三句surely →sure。考查词性。此处需要形容词作表语。
4. 【解析】第四句start →started。考查时态。根据时间状语从句when I was seven years ld可知此处用一般过去时。
5. 【解析】第四句fr →but/yet。句意: 事实上, 我在七岁时开始学习功夫, 但是我已经长时间疏于练习。由此可知前后是转折关系, 所以把fr改为but或者yet。
6. 【解析】第五句vacatins→ vacatin。此处特指“暑假”这一个假期, 所以用vacatin的单数。
7. 【解析】第六句such→ s。s that引导目的状语从句。句意: 然后我会抽出时间再次学习功夫, 这样我们每天就能在一起练习。
8. 【解析】第六句去掉n。every +day/week/mnth/year作状语时, 前面不加介词。
9. 【解析】第七句yurs →yur/ yu。with是介词, 后面接动词的-ing形式作宾语。动词的-ing形式的逻辑主语如果是代词, 可以用代词的宾格或形容词性物主代词。
10. 【解析】第八句sner →sn。see yu sn是一种固定表达, 表示“(不久)再见”, 不用sn的比较级。
核心素养 让学生能在了解国内外文化差异的前提下, 认清并树立积极向上的价值观。
高考链接 2020·新高考全国Ⅰ卷阅读理解C; 2020·天津高考阅读理解D; 2019·北京高考阅读理解B
Ⅰ. 话题与阅读理解
(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ卷阅读理解C)
In the mid-1990s, Tm Bissell taught English as a vlunteer in Uzbekistan. He left after seven mnths, physically brken and having lst his mind. A few years later, still attracted t the cuntry, he returned t Uzbekistan t write an article abut the disappearance f the Aral Sea.
His visit, hwever, ended up invlving a lt mre than that. Hence this bk, Chasing the Sea: Lst Amng the Ghsts f Empire in Central Asia, which talks abut a rad trip frm Tashkent t Karakalpakstan, where millins f lives have been destryed by the slw drying up f the sea. It is the stry f an American travelling t a strange land, and f the peple he meets n his way: Rustam, his translatr, a lvely 24-year-ld wh picked up his clrful English in Califrnia, Oleg and Natasha, his hsts in Tashkent, and a string f freign aid wrkers.
This is a quick lk at life in Uzbekistan, made f friendliness and warmth, but als its darker side f sciety. In Samarkand, Mr Bissell admires the architectural wnders, while n his way t Bukhara he gets a taste f plice methds when suspected f drug dealing. In Ferghana, he attends a muntain funeral(葬礼)fllwed by a strange drinking party. And in Karakalpakstan, he is saddened by the dust strms, diseases and fishing bats stuck miles frm the sea.
Mr Bissell skillfully rganizes histrical insights and cultural references, making his tale a well-runded picture f Uzbekistan, seen frm Western eyes. His judgment and references are decidedly American, as well as his delicate stmach. As the authr explains, this is neither a travel nr a histry bk, r even a piece f reprtage. Whatever it is, the result is a fine and vivid descriptin f the purest f Central Asian traditins.
【文章大意】本文是对Tm Bissell的书的介绍与评论。
1. What made Mr Bissell return t Uzbekistan?
A. His friends’ invitatin.
B. His interest in the cuntry.
C. His lve fr teaching.
D. His desire t regain health.
【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第一段中的A few years later, still attracted t the cuntry, he returned t Uzbekistan t write an article abut the. . . 可知他对这个国家感兴趣。
2. What des the underlined wrd “that” in Paragraph 2 refer t?
A. Develping a serius mental disease.
B. Taking a guided tur in Central Asia.
C. Wrking as a vlunteer in Uzbekistan.
D. Writing an article abut the Aral Sea.
【解析】选D。词义猜测题。根据第二段的第一句话“他再次访问乌兹别克斯坦的结果比那要多得多”可推知that指代上一段的最后一句话也就是他去那里的目的, 即写一本关于the Aral Sea消失的书, 故选D。
3. Which f the fllwing best describes Mr Bissell’s rad trip in Uzbekistan?
A. Rmantic. B. Eventful.
C. Pleasant. D. Dangerus.
【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据文中的第二、三段, 特别是第三段他被警察怀疑贩毒, 参加了奇怪的葬礼, 后来又突然遭遇沙尘暴、疾病、渔船困在了海里等这样的经历可推知他的乌兹别克斯坦之旅是“多事故的”, 故选B。
4. What is the purpse f this text?
A. T intrduce a bk.
B. T explain a cultural phenmenn.
C. T remember a writer.
D. T recmmend a travel destinatin.
【解析】选A。主旨大意题。分析文章结构可知作者先引出书的名字, 在第二、三段对书做了简单介绍, 以及最后对书进行评价, 故作者的目的就是介绍这样一本书。故选A。
【微技能点拨】 顺藤摸瓜, 把控故事情节
本文属于记叙文, 是高考阅读理解中难度比较低的, 基本上都是按照故事发展的时间顺序来展开。最后经常有一两句话抒发作者的情绪和感悟, 这是记叙文的精华也是难点。主要考查细节、猜词和推断, 如本文。 因此, 学生首先要弄清楚故事情节(what, wh, when, where, why), 顺藤摸瓜, 定位与题目相关的词句甚至段落, 透过字里行间(发生了什么)把握作者的情感或寓意表达。
本文中第1题为细节理解题, 根据策略解题如下:
Step 1 确定题干关键词:
题干关键词: what. . . Mr Bissell return t Uzbekista
Step 2 回到原文准定位: 第一段第三句A few years later, still attracted t the cuntry, he returned t Uzbekistan t write an article abut the disappearance f the Aral Sea.
Step 3 对比选项找最佳: 尝试解答 B 。
【微语法填空】
阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ卷阅读理解C改编)
In the mid-1990s, Tm Bissell taught English as 1. a vlunteer in Uzbekistan. He left after seven mnths, physically brken and having lst his mind. A few years later, still 2. attracted(attract) t the cuntry, he returned t Uzbekistan t write an article abut the disappearance f the Aral Sea.
His visit, hwever, ended up 3. invlving( invlve) a lt mre than that. Hence this bk, Chasing the Sea: Lst Amng the Ghsts f Empire in Central Asia, which talks abut a rad trip frm Tashkent t Karakalpakstan, 4. where millins f lives have been destryed by the slw drying up f the sea. It is the stry f an American travelling t a strange land, and f the peple he meets n his way: Rustam, his translatr, a lvely 24-year-ld wh 5. picked(pick) up his clrful English in Califrnia, Oleg and Natasha, his hsts in Tashkent, and a string f freign aid wrkers.
This is a quick lk at life in Uzbekistan, made f friendliness and warmth, but als its darker side f sciety. In Samarkand, Mr Bissell 6. admires (admire) the architectural wnders, while n his way t Bukhara he gets a taste f plice methds when suspected f drug dealing. In Ferghana, he attends a muntain funeral(葬礼)fllwed by a strange drinking party. And in Karakalpakstan, he is saddened by the dust strms, diseases and fishing bats stuck miles frm the sea.
Mr Bissell skillfully rganizes histrical insights and cultural references, making his tale a well-runded picture f Uzbekistan, seen frm Western eyes. 7. His(He) judgment and references are decidedly American, as 8. well as his delicate stmach. As the authr explains, this is neither a travel nr a histry bk, r even a piece f reprtage. Whatever it is, the result is a fine and vivid descriptin f the purest f Central Asian traditins.
Ⅱ. 话题与写作
中国和西方的饮食习惯有些差异, 因此当你在异国他乡时要彼此理解尊重。假如你是李华, 请写一篇介绍中西饮食习惯差异的短文。
注意: 1. 词数100左右;
2. 可以适当增加细节, 以使行文连贯;
3. 尽量使用本单元学过的词汇和短语。
Step 1 写作技巧
(1)词汇提升 根据汉语提示补全句子。
①中西方饮食习惯存在着很多的差异。
There are sme differences between Chinese and western eating habits.
②现在一些人在熟悉这些习惯上有困难。
Sme peple have truble in getting familiar with them nwadays.
③中国人习惯于大家共吃一桌菜, 而西方人则更喜欢吃自己餐具里的食物。
Chinese are accustmed t sharing all the dishes tgether while westerners adjust t having their plates f fd alne.
④如果有太多人吃饭, 西方人会不喜欢。
If there are t many peple at table, westerners will dislike it.
⑤在中国, 如果是一个非常正式的招待会, 比如婚礼, 那将提供大量的饭菜, 有些是吃不完。
In China, if it is a very frmal receptin such as a wedding party, a huge amunt f fd will be supplied. Sme f it is left ver.
⑥这不仅浪费食物, 而且会比西方人在吃饭上花费更多的时间。
It is nt nly a waste f fd, but als it takes up mre time fr Chinese t have dinner than westerners.
⑦吃完饭后, 他们或许也会带你参观他们的房间。
After dinner, they maybe shw yu arund their huses.
(2)句式升级
⑧用dislike it if/when改写句④。
Westerners will dislike it if there are t many peple at table.
⑨用非限制性定语从句改写句⑤。
In China, if it is a very frmal receptin such as a wedding party, a huge amunt f fd will be supplied, sme f which is left ver.
⑩用倒装句改写句⑥。
Nt nly is it a waste f fd, but als it takes up mre time fr Chinese t have dinner than westerners.
Step 2 妙笔成篇 运用关联词串连以上句子。
There are sme differences between Chinese and western eating habits. Sme peple have truble in getting familiar with them nwadays, fr example, Chinese are accustmed t sharing all the dishes tgether while westerners adjust t having their plates f fd alne. Westerners will dislike it if there are t many peple at table.
In China if it is a very frmal receptin such as a wedding party, a huge amunt f fd will be supplied, sme f which is left ver. Nt nly is it a waste f fd, but als it takes up mre time fr Chinese t have dinner than westerners.
S it is imprtant t get familiar with these differences when yu are eating with freigners r travelling verseas.
【加固训练】阅读填句
(2021·雅安模拟)
Chinese culture values family bnds (纽带) very much. Family members dn’t just gather during the hlidays, in fact they ften live under ne rf all year rund.
Different cultures have different family values. 1
In mst East Asian cultures, extended families(大家庭) are cmmn. 2 Accrding t the Atlantic, 90 percent f children in Shanghai and 70 percent f children in Beijing were cared fr by their grandparents. Chinese peple believe that “a grandparent is a treasure t their family”.
In many Western cuntries, mst families are nuclear families (小家庭). These are nly made up f children and their parents.
Additinally, the duties parents have tward their children can als differ.
3 It’s nrmal fr parents t pay fr their children’s cllege, help them find a jb, r buy them an apartment. Chinese adults als fllw their parents’ pinins when making majr life decisins, mre ften than nt.
In mst Western cuntries, hwever, kids usually mve ut f the huse after they turn 18. 4 Als, if they chse t keep living with their parents after becming an adult, it can be seen by sme as a failure n their part.
While the East cares mre abut clse family bnds, the West values privacy and independence. 5 Families will always be a surce f lve, warmth, and care fr peple arund the wrld.
A. These families have three r even fur generatins living tgether.
B. Nuclear families are the mst cmmn type in China.
C. In China, many parents lk after their children all the way int adulthd.
D. Families in the East and West are very different frm each ther.
E. But in the end, hme is best—East r West.
F. Many yung peple ging t cllege ften need t take ut lans and wrk part-time jbs in rder t pay fr tuitin and rent.
G. Bth Easterners and Westerners value quality family time.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章对比说明了中西方对待家庭关系的不同观念。
1. 【解析】选D。根据空前“不同的文化有不同的家庭价值观”可知, D项“东西方的家庭彼此有很大的不同”切题, 是对空前的进一步阐述。D项中“Families”“different”都与空前内容呼应。故选D项。
2. 【解析】选A。空前提到“在大部分东亚文化中, 大家庭很常见”, 再根据空后“. . . were cared fr by their grandparents. ”可知, 这些家庭很多成员会住在一起, A项“这些家庭有三代人甚至四代人住在一起”切题, A项中“These families”指代空前提到的“extended families”。故选A项。
3. 【解析】选C。根据空后“父母为孩子支付大学学费, 帮助他们找工作, 或者为他们买房子, 这些都是很正常的”及“Chinese adults”可知, 此处是在讲中国的家庭关系, C项“在中国, 许多的父母是把孩子从小照顾到成年”切题, 故选C项。
4. 【解析】选F。根据空前“大多数西方国家的孩子成年后就会搬出去住”可知, F项“很多上大学的年轻人需要贷款和做兼职来支付他们自己的学费和房租”承接上文, 都是讲述西方的家庭关系, 符合语境。故选F项。
5. 【解析】选E。根据空前“东方更关心亲密的家庭关系, 而西方则重视隐私和独立”及空后“家庭永远是爱、温暖和关心世界各地人们的源泉”可知, E项“但最终, 家都是最好的地方——无论在东方还是西方”承上启下, 符合语境。故选E项。
injure
尤指(人)在事故中受伤, 大多造成容颜、机能的损害
hurt
指(人)在平时或事故中受伤, 有强烈的疼痛感; 还可指对心理的伤害
wund
指(人)在战斗、攻击中受伤, 身体上出现明显的伤口
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