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高考英语一轮复习必修1Unit2Heroes学案北师大版
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这是一份高考英语一轮复习必修1Unit2Heroes学案北师大版，共17页。学案主要包含了典型例句，词块必记，知识拓展，语境速测，句型公式，备选要点，文化金句，文章大意等内容，欢迎下载使用。
Ⅰ. 细品味经典文章
Yuth is nt a time f life; it is a state f mind; it is nt a matter f rsy cheeks, red lips and supple knees; it is a matter f the will, a quality f the imaginatin, a vigr f the emtins; it is the freshness f the deep springs f life.
Yuth means a temperamental predminance f curage ver timidity, f the appetite fr adventure ver the lve f ease. This ften exists in a man f 60 mre than a by f 20. Nbdy grws ld merely by a number f years. We grw ld by deserting ur ideals.
Years may wrinkle the skin, but t give up enthusiasm wrinkles the sul. Wrry, fear, self-distrust bws the heart and turns the spirit back t dust.
Whether 60 r 16, there is in every human being’s heart the lure f wnder, the unfailing childlike appetite f what’s next and the jy f the game f living. In the center f yur heart and my heart there is a wireless statin: s lng as it receives messages f beauty, hpe, cheer, curage and pwer frm men and frm the Infinite, s lng are yu yung.
When the aerials are dwn, and yur spirit is cvered with snws f cynicism and the ice f pessimism, then yu are grwn ld, even at 20, but as lng as yur aerials are up, t catch waves f ptimism, there is hpe yu may die yung at 80.
Ⅱ. 按要求完成任务
1. Read the passage and underline the sentences describing the definitin f yuth.
Yuth is nt a time f life; it is a state f mind; it is nt a matter f rsy cheeks, red lips and supple knees; it is a matter f the will, a quality f the imaginatin, a vigr f the emtins; it is the freshness f the deep springs f life. Yuth means a temperamental predminance f curage ver timidity, f the appetite fr adventure ver the lve f ease.
2. What is yur pinin abut yuth?
Answers may vary. Fr example, thse shuld have a dream/ambitin in the lng and shrt term.
Ⅰ. 重点词汇
1. calm vt. & vi. (使)平静; (使)镇定 adj. 平静的; 镇静的; 沉着的
【典型例句】
When we are anxius r upset, practicing calligraphy can make us calm dwn and turn reasnable.
当我们焦虑不安的时候, 练习书法可以使我们平静下来, 变得理智。
【词块必记】
(1)calm (sb. ) dwn (使某人)平静下来; 镇静下来
stay/keep/be calm保持镇静
(2)calmlyadv. 安静地, 平静地
【知识拓展】类似同义词辨析
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①Despite feeling anger and cncern, we shuld calm dwn and think seriusly abut why this happened.
②I gt up and walked calmly(calm)ut int the early evening.
完成句子
③Dn’t panic r get ut f line, and try t remain quiet and calm. (保持安静和镇静).
请用calm, silent, still, quiet填空
④When facing danger, ne shuld keep calm; when taken phts f, ne shuld keep still; when smene else is asleep, ne shuld keep quiet; in class, ne shuldn’t keep silent abut the teacher’s questins.
2. equal adj. 平等的, 相等的, 能胜任的; n. (地位等)相同的人; 对手; 相等的事物 vt. 等于, 比得上
【典型例句】
A cuplet must have the fllwing features: ne, each line having an equal number f characters, and the same sense grups; tw, strictly adhering t the tnal patterns.
对联必须具备以下特点: 一要字数相等, 断句一致; 二要平仄相合, 音调和谐。
【词块必记】
(1)be equal t (ding) sth. 等于/胜任(做)某事
(2)A equals B in. . . A在……方面比得上B/与B相匹敌
(3)n equal terms在对等的条件下
(be) withut equal/have n equal无与伦比
(4)equality n. 平等
equallyadv. 相等地; 同等地; 均等地; 同样地
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①Any man will be equal t the task, s lng as he is careful.
②Whatever educatin yu receive, yu can be equally (equal) successful with yur hard wrk.
③Rsa Parks was respected by the black peple because she had fught fr equality(equal) all her life.
语段填词
④Mary is a clever girl withut equal, she thinks she has equal right and is equal t the same wrk as bys, she lks frward t equality and demands that she shuld be treated equally and her salary shuld equal that f bys.
玛丽是个无与伦比聪明的女孩, 她认为她有与男孩平等的权利, 并且能胜任与男孩相同的工作。她渴望平等, 要求被平等地对待, 并且薪水与男孩一样。
3. struggle vt. &n. 挣扎, 斗争, 拼搏
【典型例句】
I dn’t think it is wise t neglect a devted human friend but favr the phne, because human friends can push us n in the fierce struggle in life while phnes are nly ur tls.
我认为忽视一个忠诚的人类朋友而选择手机是不明智的, 因为人类朋友可以在生活的激烈抗争中推动我们, 而手机只是我们的工具。
【词块必记】
struggle fr 为……而斗争
struggle with/against sb. /sth. 与某人/某物作斗争
struggle t d sth. 努力做某事
struggle t ne’s feet挣扎着站起来
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①Despite his impressive recrd, Federer has been struggling against/with the ther tp players f this generatin, including Rafael Nadal and Nvak Djkvic.
②He struggled t find (find)his place in the wrld while he was grwing up in a tugh neighbrhd f Miami.
③They had t struggle fr their lives against weather and wild animals.
完成句子
④They had t struggle fr their lives /struggle t live their life against the extreme cld weather in the Nrth Ple.
为了生存它们不得不与北极极寒的天气斗争。
4. react vi. 反应
【典型例句】
If we pay n attentin t their struggle fr equal rights, they may react t it by ther means.
如果我们不在意他们为争取平等权利所做的斗争, 他们可能会以其他方式作出反应。
【词块必记】
(1)react t 对……作出反应
react with与……起(化学)反应
react against反对; 反抗
react n/upn对……有影响
(2)reactin n. 反应
in reactin t 对……的反应
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①S yu will need t give yur friend time t react t yu.
完成句子
②Hw will the teacher react t what the children have dne?
这位老师对孩子们所做的事会做出什么反应?
③It depends n/upn whether they have reacted against his principle. 这取决于他们是否违背他的原则。
句式升级
④用主语从句连接②③句
Hw the teacher will react t what the children have dne depends n/upn whether they have reacted against his principle.
5. cmpete vi. 比赛, 竞争
【典型例句】
We can cmpete with students frm ther universities in debate r speech cntests.
我们可以在辩论赛或演讲比赛中与其他大学的学生竞争。
【词块必记】
(1)cmpete fr. . . 为……而竞争
cmpete with/against. . . 与……竞争
cmpete in. . . 在……方面竞争; 参加……比赛
(2)cmpetitinn. 竞争, 竞赛
cmpetitrn. 参赛者; 对手
cmpetitiveadj. 竞争性的
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①These utside values ften cmpete with family values fr yur child’s attentin.
②Amazn will have an impact n the market place, but it is cming int an already very cmpetitive (cmpete)market.
完成句子
③As a lng distance swimmer, she wuld cmpete against herself.
作为一名长距离游泳运动员, 她将与自己竞争。
④In the future life, we have t cmpete with thers.
在未来的人生中, 我们不得不与其他人竞争。
Ⅱ. 核心短语
6. give up 放弃, 让给, 停止
【典型例句】
Wrse still, I tk many falls ff the bike. I was abut t give up when my father came and encuraged me t keep ging.
更糟的是, 我从自行车上摔下来很多次。我正要放弃的时候, 这时父亲来了, 鼓励我继续前进。
【词块必记】
(1)give up+ n. /ding 放弃某物/做某事
(2)give neself up t sb. 向……自首, 投降
give ff发出(气味、光、热等)
give ut分发; 用完; 耗尽; 发布
give in屈服, 让步
give away赠送; 分发; 泄露; 出卖
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①I realized that I shuldn’t give up an pprtunity t see him.
②My mney was beginning t give ut and there were n jbs t be fund.
③The zne layer blcks sme harmful rays which the sun gives ff.
④I gave in t curisity and pened the letter addressed t him.
⑤Since the examinatin is arund the crner, I am cmpelled t give up ding (d) sprts.
7. get n 融洽相处; 进展; 上(车、船等); 继续进行下去
【典型例句】
My dad and I put n ur new cwby hats, gt n ur hrses, and headed slwly twards the muntains.
我爸爸和我戴上我们新的牛仔帽, 骑上马, 慢慢地向山上行进。
【词块必记】
(1)get n with sb. /sth. 与某人相处/某事进展如何
(2)get away frm避免; 摆脱; 离开
get dwn t(ding)sth. 认真着手(做)某事
get rid f 去掉, 克服
get thrugh完成; 通过(考试); 打通电话
【语境速测】 写出黑体部分的含义
①I get n better with everyne in the cmpany, which makes my jb s much fun. (融洽相处)
②Bacteria can spread thrughut the kitchen and get n cutting bards, knives, and cuntertps. (蔓延)
完成句子
③In additin, every student can be in harmny with freign friends, which makes it easy fr yu t get alng/n with them.
此外, 每个学生与外国朋友要和睦, 这使你们容易与他们相处。
8. n ne’s wn 独立地, 自主地
【典型例句】
Mst Chinese cllege students find it hard t adjust t living n their wn.
大多数中国大学生认为适应独立生活比较困难。
【词块必记】
f ne’s wn属于某人自己的(常作后置定语)
n ne’s wn=by neself/alne(常作状语)
get ne’s wn back 报复
hld ne’s wn 坚守住, 不退让
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①T have sme time n her wn, Bechtel preferred t g ut fr lunch.
单句改错
②Everyne shuld learn t be independent and d their wrk f their wn. (f→n)
完成句子
③ Our children are grwn up and have children f their wn.
我们的子女都已长大成人, 有了自己的孩子。
Ⅲ. 经典句式
9. Jennifer was in the kitchen, with her hands in a bwl f flur. . . 珍妮弗在厨房里, 双手放在一碗面粉里……
【句型公式】
(1)句中with her hands in a bwl f flur为with复合结构, 即“with+宾语+宾语补足语”结构。这种结构常用于补充说明, 大多数情况下作状语, 表示伴随、原因、时间等, 有时作后置定语。
(2)with复合结构的构成:
(3)在“with+宾语+宾语补足语”结构中, 不定式表示将来的动作; 现在分词说明这一动作和前面的宾语之间是主动关系, 或者指这一动作正在进行; 过去分词说明这一动作与前面的宾语之间是被动关系, 或者指这一动作已完成。
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①Mrever, with the stadium funded (fund), a wide range f sprts events are able t be held.
②With a lt f difficult prblems t settle(settle), the newly-elected president is having a hard time.
同义句转换
③The scientist felt he was far t busy as almst all his time was taken up by wrk.
→The scientist felt he was far t busy with almst all his time taken up by wrk.
→The scientist felt he was far t busy with wrk taking up almst all his time.
完成句子
④Dn’t stand with yur hands in yur pckets.
站着的时候别把双手插在口袋里。
10. We are driving alng a cuntry lane when suddenly a car drve past us.
我们正沿着一条乡村车道行驶, 这时突然有一辆轿车超过了我们。
【典型例句】
I was giving up when my father came and encuraged me t keep ging.
我正要放弃, 这时父亲来了, 鼓励我继续前进。
【句型公式】
(1)“be ding. . . when. . . ”固定句式, 表示“正在做某事, 这时(突然)……”。其中when是并列连词, 不能换成while, as, then等。
(2)when用作并列连词句型归纳:
be abut t d. . . when. . . 正打算做……这时……
had just dne. . . when. . . 刚做了……这时……
be n the pint f ding. . . when. . . 正要做……这时……
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①Just last year, I was cnducting(cnduct) a wrkshp when smene kncked at the classrm dr.
语段填词
②The children were playing by the river when they saw a drwning little dg in the river and they were abut t swim t save it when it started t struggle back twards the bank. It had just arrived safely n the shre when it rained heavily. All the children were wet but glad fr it.
孩子们正在河边玩时看到河里有条落水的小狗。他们正要游泳去救它, 突然它开始挣扎着往岸边游了过来。它刚刚安全地上岸, 突然下起大雨。所有的孩子都淋湿了但都为它感到高兴。
【备选要点】
1. cnfident adj. 确信的; 自信的
【典型例句】
The Chinese peple treasure peace and we abslutely d nt engage in invasin and expansin. Hwever, we have the cnfidence t cnquer all frms f invasin.
中国人民珍爱和平, 我们决不搞侵略扩张, 但我们有战胜一切侵略的信心。
【词块必记】
(2)cnfidence n. 信心, 自信
with (great) cnfidence(很)有把握地, (很)自信地
have cnfidence in对……有信心
(3)cnfidently adv. 自信地; 确信地
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①Mike said cnfidently(cnfident) that he wuld be successful in the match.
②Nbdy knws whether he has enugh cnfidence(cnfident) t carry n this career.
③The manager is cnfident abut/f the way business is prgressing.
完成句子/句式升级
④I have cnfidence in ur future.
我对我们的未来充满信心。
⑤I’m cnfident that China will be mre pwerful than mst f the western cuntries in the fllwing 50 years.
我相信中国在未来五十年内会比大部分西方国家更强大。
⑥用分词短语把④⑤合并为一句
Having cnfidence in ur future, I’m cnfident that China will be mre pwerful than mst f the western cuntries in the fllwing 50 years.
2. cme t d smething 开始认识、理解
【文化金句】
As the legend tells, fire is prhibited during the Qingming Festival, s peple cme t jin sme sprts activities t keep warm and avid harms caused by cld dishes.
据传说, 清明节期间禁止生火, 所以人们开始参加一些体育活动, 以保持温暖, 避免凉菜造成的伤害。
【词块必记】
(2)when it cmes t . . . 当谈到……的时候
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①I hpe t make friends with yu and cme t understand(understand) each ther.
②When Henry came t himself(he), he fund himself lying in bed.
完成句子
③Yu will ften be linked t yur family when it cmes t yur character.
当涉及你的性格时, 你经常会和你的家庭联系在一起。
Ⅰ. 单句语法填空
1. (2020·江苏高考) He said phne bxes called t mind an age when things were built t last.
2. (2019·全国卷Ⅱ) Yur persnal circumstances are equally(equal) imprtant.
3. (2019·江苏高考)Children lve the small train and playgrunds and there is plenty mre t explre(explre) at the museum.
4. (2020·全国Ⅲ卷)Dn’t take it persnally(persnal).
5. (2020·新高考全国Ⅰ卷) Museums must cmpete fr peple’s spare time and mney with ther amusements.
Ⅱ. 完成句子
1. (2020·浙江高考)The last thing I saw was Dn’s face, lking calmly back at me (平静地回头看着我).
2. (2019·天津高考) In the future, with advances in ur ability t cntrl (随着我们的控制能力的增加) bilgical age, we may have even fewer candles n ur birthday cake than the previus ne.
3. (2019·天津高考)While n land(当在陆地上时), we killed ff large predatr such as wlves.
4. (2018·江苏高考) Children are using scial media with family and friends and t play games (和家人朋友一起使用社交媒体玩游戏)when they are in primary schl.
5. (2020·新高考全国Ⅰ卷) In Samarkand, Mr Bissell admires the architectural wnders(欣赏了一些著名建筑), while n his way t Bukhara he gets a taste f plice methds when suspected f drug dealing.
Ⅲ. 语法填空(黑体词为本单元重点词汇)
Jhn is a man f gd character, because he always keeps 1. calm(calm) in an emergency. Therefre, all the peple wh get n 2. well with him and even cmpete 3. with him in wrk admire him.
One day, he 4. was riding (ride)his bike n the way hme when he nticed a man lying n the grund. He stpped and fund the man gt 5. injured(injure) seriusly because f a traffic accident. His first reactin 6. t it was t call the 120 and then he checked the man t cnfirm whether he was alive r nt. When the ambulance arrived at the spt, all the dctrs 7. invlved(invlve)themselves in the first aid and thught highly f him, saying he was equal 8. t being a dctr.
When it came t 9. an end, the lcal media reprted his deed. He gave his 10. pinin (pinin)that he wuld cntinue t help peple in need with the citizens encuraging him cnfidently.
核心素养 了解中外古代、近代思想家、伟人及其思想、文化和重要发明,
增强文化意识
高考链接 2020·全国Ⅰ卷语法填空; 2018·浙江高考阅读理解A; 2017·浙江高考阅读理解A; 2016·全国卷Ⅰ阅读理解A
Ⅰ. 话题与阅读理解
(2018·浙江高考阅读理解A)
In 1812, the year Charles Dickens was brn, there were 66 nvels published in Britain. Peple had been writing nvels fr a century—mst experts date the first nvel t Rbinsn Cruse in 1719—but nbdy wanted t d it prfessinally. The steam-pwered printing press was still in its early stages; the literacy(识字) rate in England was under 50%. Many wrks f fictin appeared withut the names f the authrs, ften with smething like “By a lady”. Nvels, fr the mst part, were lked upn as silly, immral, r just plain bad.
In 1870, when Dickens died, the wrld murned him as its first prfessinal writer and publisher, famus and belved, wh had led an explsin in bth the publicatin f nvels and their readership and whse characters—frm Oliver Twist t Tiny Tim—were held up as mral tuchstnes. Tday Dickens’ greatness is unchallenged. Remving him frm the panthen(名人堂) f English literature wuld make abut as much sense as the Luvre selling ff the Mna Lisa.
Hw did Dickens get t the tp? Fr all the feelings readers attach t stries, literature is a numbers game, and the test f time is extremely difficult t pass. Sme 60, 000 nvels were published during the Victrian age, frm 1837 t 1901; tday a casual reader might be able t name a half-dzen f them. It’s partly true that Dickens’ style f writing attracted audiences frm all walks f life. It’s partly that his writings rde a wave f scial, plitical and scientific prgress. But it’s als that he rewrte the culture f literature and put himself at the center. N ne will ever knw what mix f talent, ambitin, energy and luck made Dickens such a distinguished writer. But as the 200th anniversary f his birth appraches, it is pssible — and imprtant fr ur wn culture—t understand hw he made himself a lasting ne.
【文章大意】这是一篇写于狄更斯诞辰200周年纪念前夕的文章, 介绍了英国小说的产生和兴盛, 以及狄更斯在英国小说界的地位。
1. Which f the fllwing best describes British nvels in the 18th century?
A. They were difficult t understand.
B. They were ppular amng the rich.
C. They were seen as nearly wrthless.
D. They were written mstly by wmen.
【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句Nvels, fr the mst part, were lked upn as silly, immral, r just plain bad. 可知, 18世纪的英国小说被看不起, 被认为是愚蠢的, 邪恶的, 坏透了的。 与C选项中的wrthless基本一致, 故选C。
2. Dickens is cmpared with the Mna Lisa in the text t stress______.
A. his reputatin in France
B. his interest in mdern art
C. his success in publicatin
D. his imprtance in literature
【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第二段中Tday Dickens’ greatness is unchallenged. 可知, 文章把狄更斯与《蒙娜丽莎》作比较, 是利用《蒙娜丽莎》在艺术界的地位来类比狄更斯在文学界的地位。故选D。
3. What is the authr’s purpse in writing the text?
A. T remember a great writer.
B. T intrduce an English nvel.
C. T encurage studies n culture.
D. T prmte values f the Victrian age.
【解析】选A。目的意图题。根据最后一段中But as the 200th anniversary f his birth appraches, . . . 可知, 本文写于狄更斯诞辰200周年纪念前夕, 显然是为了纪念这位伟大的作家。故选A。
【微技能点拨】 推断题的应对策略
推理判断题要求在理解表面文字的基础上, 做出判断和推论, 从而得到文章的隐含的意思和深层的意思, 也就是通过文章中的文字信息, 上下逻辑关系及事物的发展变化等已知的信息, 推断出作者没有直接表达的态度和观点。如本文第3题判断本文的写作目的, 根据文中对Charles Dickens及其作品在英国小说史上重要性的描写, 和文章最后But as the 200th anniversary f his birth appraches, it is pssible — and imprtant fr ur wn culture— t understand hw he made himself a lasting ne. 可知, 本文是写于Charles Dickens诞辰200周年前夕, 由此推断作者写本文是为了纪念这位伟大的作家。
【语用提能】
【微语法填空】
(2018·浙江高考阅读理解A改编)
阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Charles Dickens is ne f the mst 1. influential (influence) writers in the wrld.
In 1812, the year Charles Dickens was brn, there were 66 nvels
2. published(publish) in Britain. Peple had been writing nvels fr a century but nbdy wanted t d it 3. prfessinally(prfessinal). The steam-pwered printing press was still in its early stages; the literacy(识字)rate in England was under 50%. Many wrks f fictin 4. appeared (appear) withut the names f the authrs, ften with smething like “By a lady”. Nvels, fr the mst part, 5. were lked (lk) upn as silly, immral, r just plain bad.
In 1870, 6. when Dickens died, the wrld murned him as its first prfessinal writer and publisher, famus and belved, wh had led 7. an explsin in bth the publicatin f nvels and their readership. In his life, he created varius famus 8. characters (character)— frm Oliver Twist t Tiny Tim. Tday Dickens’ greatness is unchallenged. 9. Remving (remve) him frm the panthen(名人堂)f English literature wuld make abut 10. as much sense as the Luvre selling ff the Mna Lisa.
Ⅱ. 话题与写作
(2018·全国卷Ⅲ改编)
假定你是李华, 你的英国朋友Peter来信询问你校学生体育运动情况。请给他回信, 内容包括:
1. 学校的体育场馆;
2. 主要的运动项目;
3. 你喜欢的项目。
注意:
1. 词数100左右;
2. 可以适当增加细节, 以使行文连贯。
Step 1 写作技巧
1. 词汇提升。
I am happy t hear frm yu.
→I am exceedingly delighted t hear frm yu.
2. 句式多变 (合并句子)。
A fabulus new stadium has been built up. It has becme the new landmark in ur schl.
→A fabulus new stadium has been built up as the new landmark in ur schl.
3. 句式升级(定语从句)。
Mrever, with the stadium set up, there are varius sprts events t be held. Ping-png is the favrite event.
→Mrever, with the stadium set up, a wide range f sprts events are able t be held, f which ping-png enjys great ppularity.
Step 2 妙笔成篇
Dear Peter,
Having received yur last letter abut the physical exercise in ur senir high schl, I’ll give yu a rugh sketch abut it.
T begin with, a fabulus new stadium has been built up as the new landmark in ur schl. Mrever, with the stadium set up, a wide range f sprts events are able t be held, f which ping-png enjys great ppularity. As fr me, I’m intxicated with basketball since it has been giving me cnfidence t cnfrnt the challenges in my life.
All in all, I sincerely invite yu t cme t ur schl and I am lking frward t yur earliest reply.
Yurs,
Li Hua calm
平静的, 沉着的, 指风平浪静或人的情绪平静
quiet
宁静的, 安静的, 指没有声音, 不吵闹
silent
寂静的, 沉默的, 指不说话或没有声音
still
静止的, 不动的, 指人或物静止不动
话题词汇
murn v. 悼念, tuchstne n. 试金石,
distinguished adj. 著名的; 卓越的
短语句式
fr the mst part在极大程度上,
lk. . . upn as. . . 把……看作……
Remving him frm the panthen(名人堂)f English literature wuld make abut as much sense as the Luvre selling ff the Mna Lisa. 把他(狄更斯)从英国文学名人堂移除, 就像卢浮宫将《蒙娜丽莎》卖掉一样。
熟词新义
date vt. 把时间定到……
Ⅰ. 细品味经典文章
Yuth is nt a time f life; it is a state f mind; it is nt a matter f rsy cheeks, red lips and supple knees; it is a matter f the will, a quality f the imaginatin, a vigr f the emtins; it is the freshness f the deep springs f life.
Yuth means a temperamental predminance f curage ver timidity, f the appetite fr adventure ver the lve f ease. This ften exists in a man f 60 mre than a by f 20. Nbdy grws ld merely by a number f years. We grw ld by deserting ur ideals.
Years may wrinkle the skin, but t give up enthusiasm wrinkles the sul. Wrry, fear, self-distrust bws the heart and turns the spirit back t dust.
Whether 60 r 16, there is in every human being’s heart the lure f wnder, the unfailing childlike appetite f what’s next and the jy f the game f living. In the center f yur heart and my heart there is a wireless statin: s lng as it receives messages f beauty, hpe, cheer, curage and pwer frm men and frm the Infinite, s lng are yu yung.
When the aerials are dwn, and yur spirit is cvered with snws f cynicism and the ice f pessimism, then yu are grwn ld, even at 20, but as lng as yur aerials are up, t catch waves f ptimism, there is hpe yu may die yung at 80.
Ⅱ. 按要求完成任务
1. Read the passage and underline the sentences describing the definitin f yuth.
Yuth is nt a time f life; it is a state f mind; it is nt a matter f rsy cheeks, red lips and supple knees; it is a matter f the will, a quality f the imaginatin, a vigr f the emtins; it is the freshness f the deep springs f life. Yuth means a temperamental predminance f curage ver timidity, f the appetite fr adventure ver the lve f ease.
2. What is yur pinin abut yuth?
Answers may vary. Fr example, thse shuld have a dream/ambitin in the lng and shrt term.
Ⅰ. 重点词汇
1. calm vt. & vi. (使)平静; (使)镇定 adj. 平静的; 镇静的; 沉着的
【典型例句】
When we are anxius r upset, practicing calligraphy can make us calm dwn and turn reasnable.
当我们焦虑不安的时候, 练习书法可以使我们平静下来, 变得理智。
【词块必记】
(1)calm (sb. ) dwn (使某人)平静下来; 镇静下来
stay/keep/be calm保持镇静
(2)calmlyadv. 安静地, 平静地
【知识拓展】类似同义词辨析
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①Despite feeling anger and cncern, we shuld calm dwn and think seriusly abut why this happened.
②I gt up and walked calmly(calm)ut int the early evening.
完成句子
③Dn’t panic r get ut f line, and try t remain quiet and calm. (保持安静和镇静).
请用calm, silent, still, quiet填空
④When facing danger, ne shuld keep calm; when taken phts f, ne shuld keep still; when smene else is asleep, ne shuld keep quiet; in class, ne shuldn’t keep silent abut the teacher’s questins.
2. equal adj. 平等的, 相等的, 能胜任的; n. (地位等)相同的人; 对手; 相等的事物 vt. 等于, 比得上
【典型例句】
A cuplet must have the fllwing features: ne, each line having an equal number f characters, and the same sense grups; tw, strictly adhering t the tnal patterns.
对联必须具备以下特点: 一要字数相等, 断句一致; 二要平仄相合, 音调和谐。
【词块必记】
(1)be equal t (ding) sth. 等于/胜任(做)某事
(2)A equals B in. . . A在……方面比得上B/与B相匹敌
(3)n equal terms在对等的条件下
(be) withut equal/have n equal无与伦比
(4)equality n. 平等
equallyadv. 相等地; 同等地; 均等地; 同样地
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①Any man will be equal t the task, s lng as he is careful.
②Whatever educatin yu receive, yu can be equally (equal) successful with yur hard wrk.
③Rsa Parks was respected by the black peple because she had fught fr equality(equal) all her life.
语段填词
④Mary is a clever girl withut equal, she thinks she has equal right and is equal t the same wrk as bys, she lks frward t equality and demands that she shuld be treated equally and her salary shuld equal that f bys.
玛丽是个无与伦比聪明的女孩, 她认为她有与男孩平等的权利, 并且能胜任与男孩相同的工作。她渴望平等, 要求被平等地对待, 并且薪水与男孩一样。
3. struggle vt. &n. 挣扎, 斗争, 拼搏
【典型例句】
I dn’t think it is wise t neglect a devted human friend but favr the phne, because human friends can push us n in the fierce struggle in life while phnes are nly ur tls.
我认为忽视一个忠诚的人类朋友而选择手机是不明智的, 因为人类朋友可以在生活的激烈抗争中推动我们, 而手机只是我们的工具。
【词块必记】
struggle fr 为……而斗争
struggle with/against sb. /sth. 与某人/某物作斗争
struggle t d sth. 努力做某事
struggle t ne’s feet挣扎着站起来
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①Despite his impressive recrd, Federer has been struggling against/with the ther tp players f this generatin, including Rafael Nadal and Nvak Djkvic.
②He struggled t find (find)his place in the wrld while he was grwing up in a tugh neighbrhd f Miami.
③They had t struggle fr their lives against weather and wild animals.
完成句子
④They had t struggle fr their lives /struggle t live their life against the extreme cld weather in the Nrth Ple.
为了生存它们不得不与北极极寒的天气斗争。
4. react vi. 反应
【典型例句】
If we pay n attentin t their struggle fr equal rights, they may react t it by ther means.
如果我们不在意他们为争取平等权利所做的斗争, 他们可能会以其他方式作出反应。
【词块必记】
(1)react t 对……作出反应
react with与……起(化学)反应
react against反对; 反抗
react n/upn对……有影响
(2)reactin n. 反应
in reactin t 对……的反应
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①S yu will need t give yur friend time t react t yu.
完成句子
②Hw will the teacher react t what the children have dne?
这位老师对孩子们所做的事会做出什么反应?
③It depends n/upn whether they have reacted against his principle. 这取决于他们是否违背他的原则。
句式升级
④用主语从句连接②③句
Hw the teacher will react t what the children have dne depends n/upn whether they have reacted against his principle.
5. cmpete vi. 比赛, 竞争
【典型例句】
We can cmpete with students frm ther universities in debate r speech cntests.
我们可以在辩论赛或演讲比赛中与其他大学的学生竞争。
【词块必记】
(1)cmpete fr. . . 为……而竞争
cmpete with/against. . . 与……竞争
cmpete in. . . 在……方面竞争; 参加……比赛
(2)cmpetitinn. 竞争, 竞赛
cmpetitrn. 参赛者; 对手
cmpetitiveadj. 竞争性的
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①These utside values ften cmpete with family values fr yur child’s attentin.
②Amazn will have an impact n the market place, but it is cming int an already very cmpetitive (cmpete)market.
完成句子
③As a lng distance swimmer, she wuld cmpete against herself.
作为一名长距离游泳运动员, 她将与自己竞争。
④In the future life, we have t cmpete with thers.
在未来的人生中, 我们不得不与其他人竞争。
Ⅱ. 核心短语
6. give up 放弃, 让给, 停止
【典型例句】
Wrse still, I tk many falls ff the bike. I was abut t give up when my father came and encuraged me t keep ging.
更糟的是, 我从自行车上摔下来很多次。我正要放弃的时候, 这时父亲来了, 鼓励我继续前进。
【词块必记】
(1)give up+ n. /ding 放弃某物/做某事
(2)give neself up t sb. 向……自首, 投降
give ff发出(气味、光、热等)
give ut分发; 用完; 耗尽; 发布
give in屈服, 让步
give away赠送; 分发; 泄露; 出卖
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①I realized that I shuldn’t give up an pprtunity t see him.
②My mney was beginning t give ut and there were n jbs t be fund.
③The zne layer blcks sme harmful rays which the sun gives ff.
④I gave in t curisity and pened the letter addressed t him.
⑤Since the examinatin is arund the crner, I am cmpelled t give up ding (d) sprts.
7. get n 融洽相处; 进展; 上(车、船等); 继续进行下去
【典型例句】
My dad and I put n ur new cwby hats, gt n ur hrses, and headed slwly twards the muntains.
我爸爸和我戴上我们新的牛仔帽, 骑上马, 慢慢地向山上行进。
【词块必记】
(1)get n with sb. /sth. 与某人相处/某事进展如何
(2)get away frm避免; 摆脱; 离开
get dwn t(ding)sth. 认真着手(做)某事
get rid f 去掉, 克服
get thrugh完成; 通过(考试); 打通电话
【语境速测】 写出黑体部分的含义
①I get n better with everyne in the cmpany, which makes my jb s much fun. (融洽相处)
②Bacteria can spread thrughut the kitchen and get n cutting bards, knives, and cuntertps. (蔓延)
完成句子
③In additin, every student can be in harmny with freign friends, which makes it easy fr yu t get alng/n with them.
此外, 每个学生与外国朋友要和睦, 这使你们容易与他们相处。
8. n ne’s wn 独立地, 自主地
【典型例句】
Mst Chinese cllege students find it hard t adjust t living n their wn.
大多数中国大学生认为适应独立生活比较困难。
【词块必记】
f ne’s wn属于某人自己的(常作后置定语)
n ne’s wn=by neself/alne(常作状语)
get ne’s wn back 报复
hld ne’s wn 坚守住, 不退让
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①T have sme time n her wn, Bechtel preferred t g ut fr lunch.
单句改错
②Everyne shuld learn t be independent and d their wrk f their wn. (f→n)
完成句子
③ Our children are grwn up and have children f their wn.
我们的子女都已长大成人, 有了自己的孩子。
Ⅲ. 经典句式
9. Jennifer was in the kitchen, with her hands in a bwl f flur. . . 珍妮弗在厨房里, 双手放在一碗面粉里……
【句型公式】
(1)句中with her hands in a bwl f flur为with复合结构, 即“with+宾语+宾语补足语”结构。这种结构常用于补充说明, 大多数情况下作状语, 表示伴随、原因、时间等, 有时作后置定语。
(2)with复合结构的构成:
(3)在“with+宾语+宾语补足语”结构中, 不定式表示将来的动作; 现在分词说明这一动作和前面的宾语之间是主动关系, 或者指这一动作正在进行; 过去分词说明这一动作与前面的宾语之间是被动关系, 或者指这一动作已完成。
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①Mrever, with the stadium funded (fund), a wide range f sprts events are able t be held.
②With a lt f difficult prblems t settle(settle), the newly-elected president is having a hard time.
同义句转换
③The scientist felt he was far t busy as almst all his time was taken up by wrk.
→The scientist felt he was far t busy with almst all his time taken up by wrk.
→The scientist felt he was far t busy with wrk taking up almst all his time.
完成句子
④Dn’t stand with yur hands in yur pckets.
站着的时候别把双手插在口袋里。
10. We are driving alng a cuntry lane when suddenly a car drve past us.
我们正沿着一条乡村车道行驶, 这时突然有一辆轿车超过了我们。
【典型例句】
I was giving up when my father came and encuraged me t keep ging.
我正要放弃, 这时父亲来了, 鼓励我继续前进。
【句型公式】
(1)“be ding. . . when. . . ”固定句式, 表示“正在做某事, 这时(突然)……”。其中when是并列连词, 不能换成while, as, then等。
(2)when用作并列连词句型归纳:
be abut t d. . . when. . . 正打算做……这时……
had just dne. . . when. . . 刚做了……这时……
be n the pint f ding. . . when. . . 正要做……这时……
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①Just last year, I was cnducting(cnduct) a wrkshp when smene kncked at the classrm dr.
语段填词
②The children were playing by the river when they saw a drwning little dg in the river and they were abut t swim t save it when it started t struggle back twards the bank. It had just arrived safely n the shre when it rained heavily. All the children were wet but glad fr it.
孩子们正在河边玩时看到河里有条落水的小狗。他们正要游泳去救它, 突然它开始挣扎着往岸边游了过来。它刚刚安全地上岸, 突然下起大雨。所有的孩子都淋湿了但都为它感到高兴。
【备选要点】
1. cnfident adj. 确信的; 自信的
【典型例句】
The Chinese peple treasure peace and we abslutely d nt engage in invasin and expansin. Hwever, we have the cnfidence t cnquer all frms f invasin.
中国人民珍爱和平, 我们决不搞侵略扩张, 但我们有战胜一切侵略的信心。
【词块必记】
(2)cnfidence n. 信心, 自信
with (great) cnfidence(很)有把握地, (很)自信地
have cnfidence in对……有信心
(3)cnfidently adv. 自信地; 确信地
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①Mike said cnfidently(cnfident) that he wuld be successful in the match.
②Nbdy knws whether he has enugh cnfidence(cnfident) t carry n this career.
③The manager is cnfident abut/f the way business is prgressing.
完成句子/句式升级
④I have cnfidence in ur future.
我对我们的未来充满信心。
⑤I’m cnfident that China will be mre pwerful than mst f the western cuntries in the fllwing 50 years.
我相信中国在未来五十年内会比大部分西方国家更强大。
⑥用分词短语把④⑤合并为一句
Having cnfidence in ur future, I’m cnfident that China will be mre pwerful than mst f the western cuntries in the fllwing 50 years.
2. cme t d smething 开始认识、理解
【文化金句】
As the legend tells, fire is prhibited during the Qingming Festival, s peple cme t jin sme sprts activities t keep warm and avid harms caused by cld dishes.
据传说, 清明节期间禁止生火, 所以人们开始参加一些体育活动, 以保持温暖, 避免凉菜造成的伤害。
【词块必记】
(2)when it cmes t . . . 当谈到……的时候
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①I hpe t make friends with yu and cme t understand(understand) each ther.
②When Henry came t himself(he), he fund himself lying in bed.
完成句子
③Yu will ften be linked t yur family when it cmes t yur character.
当涉及你的性格时, 你经常会和你的家庭联系在一起。
Ⅰ. 单句语法填空
1. (2020·江苏高考) He said phne bxes called t mind an age when things were built t last.
2. (2019·全国卷Ⅱ) Yur persnal circumstances are equally(equal) imprtant.
3. (2019·江苏高考)Children lve the small train and playgrunds and there is plenty mre t explre(explre) at the museum.
4. (2020·全国Ⅲ卷)Dn’t take it persnally(persnal).
5. (2020·新高考全国Ⅰ卷) Museums must cmpete fr peple’s spare time and mney with ther amusements.
Ⅱ. 完成句子
1. (2020·浙江高考)The last thing I saw was Dn’s face, lking calmly back at me (平静地回头看着我).
2. (2019·天津高考) In the future, with advances in ur ability t cntrl (随着我们的控制能力的增加) bilgical age, we may have even fewer candles n ur birthday cake than the previus ne.
3. (2019·天津高考)While n land(当在陆地上时), we killed ff large predatr such as wlves.
4. (2018·江苏高考) Children are using scial media with family and friends and t play games (和家人朋友一起使用社交媒体玩游戏)when they are in primary schl.
5. (2020·新高考全国Ⅰ卷) In Samarkand, Mr Bissell admires the architectural wnders(欣赏了一些著名建筑), while n his way t Bukhara he gets a taste f plice methds when suspected f drug dealing.
Ⅲ. 语法填空(黑体词为本单元重点词汇)
Jhn is a man f gd character, because he always keeps 1. calm(calm) in an emergency. Therefre, all the peple wh get n 2. well with him and even cmpete 3. with him in wrk admire him.
One day, he 4. was riding (ride)his bike n the way hme when he nticed a man lying n the grund. He stpped and fund the man gt 5. injured(injure) seriusly because f a traffic accident. His first reactin 6. t it was t call the 120 and then he checked the man t cnfirm whether he was alive r nt. When the ambulance arrived at the spt, all the dctrs 7. invlved(invlve)themselves in the first aid and thught highly f him, saying he was equal 8. t being a dctr.
When it came t 9. an end, the lcal media reprted his deed. He gave his 10. pinin (pinin)that he wuld cntinue t help peple in need with the citizens encuraging him cnfidently.
核心素养 了解中外古代、近代思想家、伟人及其思想、文化和重要发明,
增强文化意识
高考链接 2020·全国Ⅰ卷语法填空; 2018·浙江高考阅读理解A; 2017·浙江高考阅读理解A; 2016·全国卷Ⅰ阅读理解A
Ⅰ. 话题与阅读理解
(2018·浙江高考阅读理解A)
In 1812, the year Charles Dickens was brn, there were 66 nvels published in Britain. Peple had been writing nvels fr a century—mst experts date the first nvel t Rbinsn Cruse in 1719—but nbdy wanted t d it prfessinally. The steam-pwered printing press was still in its early stages; the literacy(识字) rate in England was under 50%. Many wrks f fictin appeared withut the names f the authrs, ften with smething like “By a lady”. Nvels, fr the mst part, were lked upn as silly, immral, r just plain bad.
In 1870, when Dickens died, the wrld murned him as its first prfessinal writer and publisher, famus and belved, wh had led an explsin in bth the publicatin f nvels and their readership and whse characters—frm Oliver Twist t Tiny Tim—were held up as mral tuchstnes. Tday Dickens’ greatness is unchallenged. Remving him frm the panthen(名人堂) f English literature wuld make abut as much sense as the Luvre selling ff the Mna Lisa.
Hw did Dickens get t the tp? Fr all the feelings readers attach t stries, literature is a numbers game, and the test f time is extremely difficult t pass. Sme 60, 000 nvels were published during the Victrian age, frm 1837 t 1901; tday a casual reader might be able t name a half-dzen f them. It’s partly true that Dickens’ style f writing attracted audiences frm all walks f life. It’s partly that his writings rde a wave f scial, plitical and scientific prgress. But it’s als that he rewrte the culture f literature and put himself at the center. N ne will ever knw what mix f talent, ambitin, energy and luck made Dickens such a distinguished writer. But as the 200th anniversary f his birth appraches, it is pssible — and imprtant fr ur wn culture—t understand hw he made himself a lasting ne.
【文章大意】这是一篇写于狄更斯诞辰200周年纪念前夕的文章, 介绍了英国小说的产生和兴盛, 以及狄更斯在英国小说界的地位。
1. Which f the fllwing best describes British nvels in the 18th century?
A. They were difficult t understand.
B. They were ppular amng the rich.
C. They were seen as nearly wrthless.
D. They were written mstly by wmen.
【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句Nvels, fr the mst part, were lked upn as silly, immral, r just plain bad. 可知, 18世纪的英国小说被看不起, 被认为是愚蠢的, 邪恶的, 坏透了的。 与C选项中的wrthless基本一致, 故选C。
2. Dickens is cmpared with the Mna Lisa in the text t stress______.
A. his reputatin in France
B. his interest in mdern art
C. his success in publicatin
D. his imprtance in literature
【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第二段中Tday Dickens’ greatness is unchallenged. 可知, 文章把狄更斯与《蒙娜丽莎》作比较, 是利用《蒙娜丽莎》在艺术界的地位来类比狄更斯在文学界的地位。故选D。
3. What is the authr’s purpse in writing the text?
A. T remember a great writer.
B. T intrduce an English nvel.
C. T encurage studies n culture.
D. T prmte values f the Victrian age.
【解析】选A。目的意图题。根据最后一段中But as the 200th anniversary f his birth appraches, . . . 可知, 本文写于狄更斯诞辰200周年纪念前夕, 显然是为了纪念这位伟大的作家。故选A。
【微技能点拨】 推断题的应对策略
推理判断题要求在理解表面文字的基础上, 做出判断和推论, 从而得到文章的隐含的意思和深层的意思, 也就是通过文章中的文字信息, 上下逻辑关系及事物的发展变化等已知的信息, 推断出作者没有直接表达的态度和观点。如本文第3题判断本文的写作目的, 根据文中对Charles Dickens及其作品在英国小说史上重要性的描写, 和文章最后But as the 200th anniversary f his birth appraches, it is pssible — and imprtant fr ur wn culture— t understand hw he made himself a lasting ne. 可知, 本文是写于Charles Dickens诞辰200周年前夕, 由此推断作者写本文是为了纪念这位伟大的作家。
【语用提能】
【微语法填空】
(2018·浙江高考阅读理解A改编)
阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Charles Dickens is ne f the mst 1. influential (influence) writers in the wrld.
In 1812, the year Charles Dickens was brn, there were 66 nvels
2. published(publish) in Britain. Peple had been writing nvels fr a century but nbdy wanted t d it 3. prfessinally(prfessinal). The steam-pwered printing press was still in its early stages; the literacy(识字)rate in England was under 50%. Many wrks f fictin 4. appeared (appear) withut the names f the authrs, ften with smething like “By a lady”. Nvels, fr the mst part, 5. were lked (lk) upn as silly, immral, r just plain bad.
In 1870, 6. when Dickens died, the wrld murned him as its first prfessinal writer and publisher, famus and belved, wh had led 7. an explsin in bth the publicatin f nvels and their readership. In his life, he created varius famus 8. characters (character)— frm Oliver Twist t Tiny Tim. Tday Dickens’ greatness is unchallenged. 9. Remving (remve) him frm the panthen(名人堂)f English literature wuld make abut 10. as much sense as the Luvre selling ff the Mna Lisa.
Ⅱ. 话题与写作
(2018·全国卷Ⅲ改编)
假定你是李华, 你的英国朋友Peter来信询问你校学生体育运动情况。请给他回信, 内容包括:
1. 学校的体育场馆;
2. 主要的运动项目;
3. 你喜欢的项目。
注意:
1. 词数100左右;
2. 可以适当增加细节, 以使行文连贯。
Step 1 写作技巧
1. 词汇提升。
I am happy t hear frm yu.
→I am exceedingly delighted t hear frm yu.
2. 句式多变 (合并句子)。
A fabulus new stadium has been built up. It has becme the new landmark in ur schl.
→A fabulus new stadium has been built up as the new landmark in ur schl.
3. 句式升级(定语从句)。
Mrever, with the stadium set up, there are varius sprts events t be held. Ping-png is the favrite event.
→Mrever, with the stadium set up, a wide range f sprts events are able t be held, f which ping-png enjys great ppularity.
Step 2 妙笔成篇
Dear Peter,
Having received yur last letter abut the physical exercise in ur senir high schl, I’ll give yu a rugh sketch abut it.
T begin with, a fabulus new stadium has been built up as the new landmark in ur schl. Mrever, with the stadium set up, a wide range f sprts events are able t be held, f which ping-png enjys great ppularity. As fr me, I’m intxicated with basketball since it has been giving me cnfidence t cnfrnt the challenges in my life.
All in all, I sincerely invite yu t cme t ur schl and I am lking frward t yur earliest reply.
Yurs,
Li Hua calm
平静的, 沉着的, 指风平浪静或人的情绪平静
quiet
宁静的, 安静的, 指没有声音, 不吵闹
silent
寂静的, 沉默的, 指不说话或没有声音
still
静止的, 不动的, 指人或物静止不动
话题词汇
murn v. 悼念, tuchstne n. 试金石,
distinguished adj. 著名的; 卓越的
短语句式
fr the mst part在极大程度上,
lk. . . upn as. . . 把……看作……
Remving him frm the panthen(名人堂)f English literature wuld make abut as much sense as the Luvre selling ff the Mna Lisa. 把他(狄更斯)从英国文学名人堂移除, 就像卢浮宫将《蒙娜丽莎》卖掉一样。
熟词新义
date vt. 把时间定到……
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