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高考英语一轮复习必修5Unit15Learning学案北师大版
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这是一份高考英语一轮复习必修5Unit15Learning学案北师大版，共27页。
Ⅰ. 细品味经典文章
(2020·全国Ⅰ卷阅读理解B)
Returning t a bk yu’ve read many times can feel like drinks with an ld friend. There’s a welcme familiarity—but als smetimes a slight suspicin that time has changed yu bth, and thus the relatinship. But bks dn’t change, peple d. And that’s what makes the act f rereading s rich and transfrmative.
The beauty f rereading lies in the idea that ur bnd with the wrk is based n ur present mental register. It’s true, the lder I get, the mre I feel time has wings. But with reading, it’s all abut the present. It’s abut the nw and what ne cntributes t the nw, because reading is a give and take between authr and reader. Each has t pull their wn weight.
There are three bks I reread annually. The first, which I take t reading every spring, is Ernest Hemingway’s A Mveable Feast. Published in 1964, it’s his classic memir f 1920s Paris. The language is almst intxicating (令人陶醉的), an aging writer lking back n an ambitius yet simpler time. Anther is Annie Dillard’s Hly the Firm, her petic 1975 ramble (随笔) abut everything and nthing. The third bk is Juli Crt?zar’s Save Twilight: Selected Pems, because petry. And because Crt?zar.
While I tend t buy a lt f bks, these three were given t me as gifts, which might add t the meaning I attach t them. But I imagine that, while mney is indeed wnderful and necessary, rereading an authr’s wrk is the highest currency a reader can pay them. The best bks are the nes that pen further as time passes. But remember, it’s yu that has t grw and read and reread in rder t better understand yur friends.
Ⅱ. 按要求完成任务
1. 写出文章中与学习有关的单词或短语。
bk, read, reread, beauty, idea, bnd, cntribute t, reader, annually, publish, petic, ramble, add t, imagine, understand
2. 作为一名学生, 你如何规划你的学习?
As a high schl student, especially ne abut t take the cllege entrance examinatin, I will wrk ut a set f detailed test preparatin plans. I will listen carefully in class every day, take ntes, review well after class, find questins and slve them at any time.
Ⅰ. 重点词汇
1. suspect v. 怀疑; 猜疑(通常不用于进行时)n. [C]嫌疑犯, 可疑分子
教材原句
I suspect that they laid me ff because the cmpany was nt ding that well but it still brught a lump t my thrat and made me want t cry. (P36)我怀疑他们裁掉我是因为公司经营得不是很好, 但这仍然使我喉头哽咽, 让我想哭。
【词块必记】
(1)suspect sb. /sth. t be+n. /adj. 怀疑/猜疑某人/某物为……
suspect sb. f (ding) sth. 怀疑某人(做过)某事
(2)suspicius adj. 可疑的, 令人怀疑的
be suspicius f/abut sth. 对某事怀疑
【思维拓展】除作动词外, suspect还可作名词, 表示“嫌疑犯”; 形容词, 表示“不可信的, 可疑的”, 一般作表语。
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①What she said sunded cnvincing, but I suspected it t be(be)a lie.
②Tw suspects(suspect)in cnnectin with the case are nw being interrgated(审讯).
③His reasn fr being absent is suspect(suspect).
④If yu see smething suspicius (suspect), infrm the plice at nce.
句型转换
⑤We had n reasn t suspect(that)he might try t kill himself.
→We had n reasn t suspect him f trying t kill himself.
2. instruct vt. 指导, 教导; 指示, 命令; 告知, 通知
教材原句
I gt my grandsn t instruct me n hw t email and use the Internet and I really enjy the speed at which my messages get sent and answered. (P36)
我让我的孙子教我怎样收发电子邮件和使用互联网, 我真的很喜欢信息传送和回复的速度。
【词块必记】
(1)instruct sb. t d/in ding. . . 命令某人做……
instruct sb. in sth. 教授/传授某人某事
instruct that sb. (shuld) d sth. 命令某人做某事(宾语从句中用虚拟语气)
(2)instructin n. [C]用法说明, 操作指南; 指示; 命令; [U]指导; 讲授
(3)instructive adj. 有益的, 有教育意义的; 指导性的
【熟词生义】
All ur staff have been instructed in sign language. 教授, 传授(技能等)
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①Withut yur instructin(instruct), I wuld nt have made such great prgress.
②The judge instructed the witness t tell (tell) the truth.
③As far as I’m cncerned, great effrt is needed t instruct children in rad safety.
④It is the mst instructive (instruct) lecture that I have attended since I came t this schl.
一句多译
经理命令我快速把房间打扫出来。
⑤The manager instructed me t clean the rm quickly. (instruct sb. t d sth. )
⑥The manager instructed me in cleaning the rm quickly. (instruct sb. in ding sth. )
⑦The manager instructed that I (shuld) clean the rm quickly. (instruct that)
3. distinguish vt. 区别, 辨别; 使具有某种特征
教材原句
If the rm had nt been dark, he wuld have distinguished the tw pictures. (P37)
如果房间不暗, 他早就分辨出两幅图画了。
【词块必记】
(1)distinguish . . . frm . . . 将……与……区别开
distinguish between . . . and . . . (=tell the difference between . . . and . . . )区分……和……
distinguish neself (as . . . ) (作为……)表现突出
(2)distinguished adj. 卓越的; 著名的; 杰出的
be distinguished fr (=be famus fr) 因……而出名
distinguishing adj. 有区别的
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①Speeches distinguish human beings frm animals.
②I admire yur distinguished(distinguish)achievements.
③He was distinguished fr his knwledge f ecnmics and was elected as head f the ecnmic schl.
④She has already distinguished herself as a great vlleyball player in the wrld.
⑤The English crner gives me a chance t distinguish myself (me) by speaking English fluently.
句型转换
⑥It culd make it hard fr peple t tell the difference between virtual reality and reality.
→It culd make it hard fr peple t distinguish between virtual reality and reality.
4. access n. 入口, 通路; (使用或见到的)机会, 权利
教材原句
The thing abut being a teacher is that yu have access t children’s minds when they are pen and eager t learn. (P40)作为一名老师, 你可以在孩子们心灵顿开、渴望学习时进入他们的思想。
【词块必记】
(1)gain/btain/get/have access t 有权进入/使用……, 拥有……的机会
have n access t 没有……的机会; 无法接近
give access t 接近; 准许进入(接近)
(2)accessible adj. 易到达的, 易接近的
be accessible t 对……而言容易接近的; 可靠近的; 容易进入的
【误区释疑】access前通常不加冠词, 且access和accessible短语中的t是介词。
【构词法】access+-ible(形容词后缀)=accessible adj. 易到达的, 易接近的
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①Wmen have n access t btaining (btain) educatin in ld days.
②Medicine shuld nt be kept where it is accessible (access) t children.
③The ld man tells me that the nly access t the village is by bat.
句型转换
④Every student has a chance t be admitted int a key university.
→Every student has/gains/gets access t a key university.
⑤The public have n chance t see these films.
→These films aren’t accessible t the public.
【写作金句】
The gd news is that yu can have access t almst all the famus places f interest in China nline nw.
好消息是, 你现在可以通过网络访问中国几乎所有的著名景点。
5. apprve vi. 赞成; 认可; 同意vt. 批准
【典型例句】
If nly the cmmittee wuld apprve the new envirnmental regulatins and put them int effect as sn as pssible. 要是委员会能批准新的环境法规并尽快使其生效就好了。
【词块必记】
(1)apprve f 赞成, 赞许
apprve f sb. ding sth. 同意某人做某事
apprve f (ne’s) ding . . . 赞同/支持(某人)做……
apprve (ding) sth. 批准(做)某事
(2)apprval n. 同意; 批准
meet with sb. ’s apprval 得到某人的批准
win/earn sb. ’s apprval 取得某人的同意/赞成
give apprval t . . . 批准
【误区释疑】apprve作“批准”讲时, 常用作及物动词; 作“赞成”讲时, 用作不及物动词, 与f搭配, “赞成某人做某事”应表达为 apprve f sb. ’s ding sth. 。
【熟词生义】
Nt everyne apprves f the festival. (喜欢)
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①I wuld appreciate it if my applicatin culd get yur apprval (apprve).
②I am afraid yur parents wn’t apprve f yur marrying(marry) him.
③He has been there many times. N wnder he desn’t apprve f the plan t g there fr hlidays.
完成句子
④By ding well at schl he hped t win/earn his parents’ apprval.
他在学校表现不错, 希望以此来得到父母的赞许。
句型转换
⑤He desn’t apprve f me leaving schl this year.
→He desn’t give apprval t my leaving schl this year.
→I dn’t meet with his apprval t leave schl this year.
【写作金句】
I am lking frward t the apprval f my suggestins.
我期待着我的建议得到批准。
6. inspire v. 鼓舞, 鼓励; 激发; 启示; 使产生(某种感觉或情感)
教材原句
But even thugh Aristtle was a great man wh inspired many great scientists and philsphers after him, he was wrng at times. (P43)
但即使是亚里士多德这样一位启发了他之后的许多杰出的科学家和哲学家的伟大人物, 有时也会出错。
【词块必记】
(1)inspire sb. t d sth. 激励/鼓励某人做某事
inspire sb. with sth. =inspire sth. in sb.
激起某人的……(某种情感)
(2)inspiratin n. 灵感; 鼓舞
(3)inspired adj. 受到鼓舞的
inspiring adj. 令人鼓舞的, 振奋人心的
【构词法】inspir(e)+-atin(名词后缀)=inspiratin n. 灵感; 鼓舞
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①I hpe this success will inspire yu t make (make)greater effrts.
②In additin t reading fr knwledge, we read fr fun and inspiratin (inspire).
③The man has built up his business ver the years, which makes me inspired (inspire).
④As we all knw, Lincln is regarded as ne f the mst inspiring (inspire) figures in the wrld.
【写作金句】
Nt nly des it enrich students’ life experiences, but it inspires their scial respnsibility.
它不仅丰富了学生的生活经历, 而且激发了他们的社会责任感。
Ⅱ. 核心短语
7. be accustmed t习惯于(表示状态)
教材原句
Althugh tday we are mre accustmed t typing a few key wrds int a search engine and waiting fr the Internet t spit the answer ut fr us. . . (P42)
尽管我们现在更习惯于在搜索引擎敲进几个关键词, 等待互联网为我们吐出答案……
【词块必记】
(1)be accustmed/used t (ding) sth.
习惯于(做)某事
get/becme accustmed t (ding) sth.
变得适应了(做)某事
(2)accustm vt. 使……习惯于……
accustm neself t . . . 使自己习惯于……
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①The American teacher asked me if I had been accustmed t studying (study) there.
②As we all knw, children are easy t accustm themselves(them) t new surrundings.
③Accustmed(accustm) t climbing the steep muntain, Kevin had n difficulty reaching the tp.
句式升级
④He was accustmed t the custm and didn’t want t change it.
=Accustmed t the custm, he didn’t want t change it. (用过去分词短语作状语)
=Accustming himself t the custm, he didn’t want t change it. (用现在分词短语作状语)
8. set ff出发, 动身; (使)爆炸, 引爆; 燃放; 引发; 衬托
教材原句
I remember that he let me pur sme pwder int the rcket and then anther student lit a flame t set it ff. (P40)我记得他让我把一些火药倒入火箭, 然后另一名学生点火将火箭发射了出去。
【词块必记】
set abut ding . . . =set ut t d . . . 着手做……
set ut fr . . . 动身去……
set up 建起, 竖起; 建立; 提出(意见)
set aside 搁置一边; 省钱, 存钱
set dwn 写下, 记下
【语境速测】 用set短语填空
①I’m hping I’ll set up my wn business smeday.
②A great many bys were setting ff firewrks in the street during the Spring Festival.
③I try t set aside sme time each day t d sme exercise.
④We gathered at the ft f Daqing Muntain and set ut fr the tp in high spirits.
⑤Yu had better set dwn yur idea befre yu frget it.
完成句子
⑥He set abut setting dwn the nte after the teacher finished explaining.
老师解释完之后他开始着手记笔记。
9. t a certain extent在某种程度上
教材原句
T a certain extent, yu’re right. (P36)
在某种程度上, 你是对的。
【词块必记】
t sme extent 在某种程度上
t a great/large extent 在很大程度上
extent n. 程度; 范围; 长度
the extent f 在……的范围
in extent 就面积而言
【语境速测】 完成句子
①T a certain extent, it was my fault that we lst the chance.
我们失去这次机会在某种程度上是我的错。
②I agree with yu t sme extent.
我在某种程度上赞同你。
③T a great extent, it’s yur genes that decide.
在很大程度上, 起决定作用的是你的基因。
Ⅲ. 经典句式
10. I decided that it was time I became an Internet user.
我觉得该是我成为因特网用户的时候了。
【典型例句】
It’s high time that they left/shuld leave fr Beijing.
到了他们动身去北京的时候了。
【句型公式】
(1)It’s (abut/high) time (that)+shuld d/did sth. “该是做……的时候了”。
(2)It’s time (fr sb. ) t d sth. “该是(某人)做……的时候了”。
(3)It/This is/was the+序数词+ time (that) . . . “这是某人第……次做某事了”。
【误区释疑】
在句型“It/This is/was the+序数词+ time (that) . . . ”中, 从句的谓语动词常用完成时态: is与has/have dne对应; was与had dne对应。
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①It is time fr me t g (g) t pick up my daughter at schl.
②This is the first time that I have been (be) away frm my hme fr such a lng time.
③It is time yu had/shuld have(have)yur temperature taken.
④This is the last time I have asked(ask)yu fr mney.
一句多译
该是我们采取措施防止空气受污染的时候了。
⑤It’s time fr us t take steps t stp the air frm being plluted.
⑥It’s time that we shuld take/tk steps t stp the air frm being plluted.
11. Smetimes I wish I culd phne him and ask fr his pinin!
有时我真希望能给他打个电话问问他的意见!
【典型例句】
①I wish it were spring in my hmetwn all the year rund. 但愿我的家乡四季如春。
②Nw I wish I’d dne mre wrk, especially in maths.
现在我希望自己以前多做一些功课, 特别是在数学方面。
③He really wishes he culd listen t yur class again.
他真的希望能再次听您讲课。
【句型公式】
(1)对现在情况的虚拟: wish+主语+动词过去式(be用were)。
(2)对过去情况的虚拟: wish+主语+had+过去分词。
(3)对将来情况的虚拟: wish+主语+wuld/culd+动词原形。
【误区释疑】
(1)与现在事实相反时, 从句中的be动词一律用were。
(2)与将来事实相反时, 从句中的谓语动词用wuld/culd+动词原形, 不用might或shuld。
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①He wishes he wuld becme (becme) a bird flying in the sky ne day.
②I wish I knew(knw)hw he was ging t handle the prblems.
完成句子
③Hw I wish I had had smene t turn t fr advice when I was puzzled.
当我感到困惑时, 我多希望能向某个人求教。
④I wish that I were a bird and culd fly freely in the sky.
我希望我是一只小鸟, 能在天空中自由飞翔。
【写作金句】
I wish that yu culd grasp this pprtunity t learn traditinal Chinese culture further.
我希望你能抓住这个机会, 进一步学习中国传统文化。
【备选要点】
1. bury vt. (buried; buried)掩埋; 埋葬; 使专心, 使沉浸; 隐藏
教材原句
S many peple think that after yu retire, all yu can d is switch ff yur brain and bury everything yu’ve ever learnt. (P36)
因此, 很多人认为退休后你所能做的就是关闭大脑, 埋藏所学过的所有东西。
【词块必记】
be buried in=bury neself in 埋头于; 专心于
be buried in thught 沉思
bury ne’s face in ne’s hands 双手掩面
【误区释疑】
表示“专心于; 致力于”的短语还有:
①be devted/addicted t
②be lst/engaged/absrbed in
③fix/cncentrate ne’s attentin n
④cncentrate/fcus n
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①Ever since he mved there, he has buried himself (him) in his research wrk.
②The girl was sitting n the bench in the park, burying (bury) her head in the bk in her hands.
③She was buried in thught when she heard she didn’t pass the driving test.
④Buried (bury) in his study, he wasn’t aware that all the thers had left.
句式转换
⑤He buried himself in bks all day t escape frm his sadness.
→Burying himself in bks all day, he wanted t escape frm his sadness.
→Buried in bks all day, he wanted t escape frm his sadness.
2. alternative adj. 非传统的; 可供选择的n. 可供选择的事物
教材原句
What des“alternative educatin” mean? (P38)
“非传统教育”指的是什么?
【词块必记】
have n alternative but t d sth. =there’s n alternative but t d sth. 除做……以外别无选择
an alternative t. . . ……的替代品
【思维拓展】
“别无选择只好做某事”的表达还有: cannt but d sth. ; have n chice but t d sth. ; cannt help but d sth. 。
【语境速测】 完成句子
①The way was blcked, s we went by an alternative rad.
这条路被挡住了, 因此我们走了另一条路。
②S serius is this prblem that we have n alternative but t take sme measures t slve this prblem.
该问题是如此严重, 因此我们别无选择只能采取一些措施来解决这个问题。
句型转换
③I had n chice but t reprt him t the plice.
→I had n alternative but t reprt him t the plice.
3. lack vt. 缺乏, 没有n. 缺乏, 不足; 短缺的东西
教材原句
. . . but it was prbably because I lacked cnfidence in myself. (P40)……但那很可能是因为我缺乏自信。
【词块必记】
(1)lack sth. 缺乏/少某物(没有被动语态)
lack fr 需要, 需求(常用于否定句)
(2)(a) lack f . . . 缺乏……
fr/thrugh lack f 因缺乏……
(3)lacking adj. 缺少的, 不足的(不置于名词前)
be lacking in sth. 缺少某物
【误区释疑】(1)lack既可以作动词也可以作名词。作及物动词时, 后面直接跟宾语; 作不及物动词时常用介词fr; 作名词时, 后面常用介词f。
(2)lacking为形容词, 但一般不放在名词前作定语, 常与in连用。
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①I find it quite bring t chat with thse wh are lacking in humur.
②They carried n with their experiment in spite f the lack f facilities.
③It’s a pity that he did nt finish his schling fr lack f mney.
④They are s rich that they lack fr nthing.
句型转换
⑤They culd nt finish their wrk n time because they lack mney.
→They culd nt finish their wrk n time fr lack f mney.
→Lacking in mney, they culd nt finish their wrk n time.
4. wrthwhile adj. 值得(做)的(可作表语、定语或补语)
教材原句
And if what I d as a teacher can help turn a child like Graham int such a successful adult, then I knw what I’m ding is wrthwhile. (P40)如果作为一名老师我所做的工作能够帮助将一个像格雷厄姆这样的孩子变成一个如此成功的成年人, 那么我知道我所做的一切都是值得的。
【词块必记】
【误区释疑】wrth一般只作表语, 可用程度词well修饰, be wrth ding用主动形式表示被动意义; 而wrthy和wrthwhile既可作表语又可作定语。
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①Smetimes I dubt whether it’s wrthwhile studying(study)abrad fr sme Chinese students.
②This article is well wrth reading (read), but it is nt wrthy f being translated/t be translated (translate).
句型转换
③The questin is nt wrth discussing.
→The questin is nt wrthy f being discussed.
→The questin is nt wrthy t be discussed.
【写作金句】
Since yu are interested in traditinal Chinese culture, I think it is well wrthwhile experiencing/t experience this festival.
既然你对中国传统文化感兴趣, 我认为这个节日很值得你体验。
5. urge vt. 力劝; 催促; 强烈要求n. 强烈的欲望, 冲动
教材原句
At first, peple apprved f his studies and urged him t cntinue, but later when he prved Aristtle wrng, they grew angry and put him in prisn. (P42)起初, 人们赞同他的研究并敦促他继续进行, 但是后来当他证明亚里士多德错了的时候, 他们就生气了, 把他关进了监狱。
【词块必记】
(1)urge sb. t d/int ding sth. 强烈要求某人做某事
urge sth. n/upn sb. 向某人强调某事
urge that sb. (shuld) d sth. 极力主张某人做某事
It is urged that. . . (shuld) d sth. 坚决要求……
(2)have an urge t d sth. 有做某事的强烈欲望
(3)urgent adj. 紧急的, 紧迫的
【误区释疑】urge后跟that从句或在句型It is urged that. . . 中时, that从句中谓语动词用虚拟语气, 即“shuld+动词原形”, shuld可以省略。
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①They urged that the Science Museum (shuld)be kept(keep)pen during the vacatin.
②He urged me t accept/int accepting(accept)his suggestin.
一句多译
他要求我们立即采取行动。
③He urged us t take an immediate actin.
④He urged us int taking an immediate actin.
⑤He urged that we(shuld)take an immediate actin.
【写作金句】
Due t the urgent epidemic situatin, everyne shuld spare n effrt t prevent the disease frm harming mre peple.
由于疫情紧急, 每个人都应该不遗余力地防止疾病伤害更多的人。
6. assume vt. 假定, 假设; 认为
教材原句
Why did Aristtle assume that the sun mved arund the Earth? (P43)为什么亚里士多德认为太阳绕着地球转?
【词块必记】
(1)assume sb. /sth. t be. . . 假定/假设某人/某事为……
It is assumed that . . . 人们认为……
(2)assumptin n. 假定, 假设
make an assumptin 认为; 假定
n the assumptin that . . . 假定……; 在假定……的情况下
(3)assuming (that) . . . 假设/假定……
【熟词生义】
The curt assumed respnsibility fr the girl’s welfare. 承担(责任)
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①It is generally assumed that hard wrk leads t great success.
②Assuming(assume)that yu are right, what shuld we d next?
句型转换
③Cnsidering what she has dne, we assume her t be warm-hearted.
→Cnsidering what she has dne, we assume(that)she is warm-hearted.
→ It is assumed that she is warm-hearted cnsidering what she has dne.
7. lay ff解雇; 裁员; 停止
教材原句
Three mnths ag, when my manager tld me that I wuld be laid ff, my mind went blank and my heart swelled with anger. (P36)三个月前, 当我的经理告诉我, 我将被解雇时, 我的脑子一片空白, 满腔怒火。
【词块必记】
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①The car factry is ging t lay ff arund 150 wrkers because f the drp in sales.
②Grace laid ut the knives and frks at the lunch table.
③The enemy were frced t lay dwn their arms and give in.
④My parents live a simple life in rder t lay aside enugh mney fr my higher educatin.
完成句子
⑤Meanwhile, we als well lay stress n the research and develpment fr new prducts.
与此同时, 我们也非常注重新产品的研究和开发。
⑥She stle the mney but she’s trying t lay the blame n me.
她偷了钱, 却想把责任推到我身上。
8. It is nt surprising that peple wanted t believe these ancient views as they had been put frward by the great philspher Aristtle(384-322 BC). 人们愿意相信这些古老的见解, 因为那是伟大的哲学家亚里士多德(公元前384—公元前322)提出来的, 这毫不奇怪。
【典型例句】
①It is reprted that the fall f the landslide has caused tw hundred deaths. 据报道, 山体滑坡已致200人死亡。
②It happened that we were all ut that day.
碰巧那天我们都不在家。
【句型公式】
(1)It is nt surprising that. . . 表示“……不足为奇”。it为形式主语, 真正的主语是that从句。“It’s+adj. +that. . . ”常用来表示“……令人感到……”。
(2)it作形式主语的句型还有:
·It+be+过去分词(said, reprted等)+that. . .
·It+不及物动词(seem, appear等)+that. . .
·It+be+名词短语(a pity, n wnder等)+that. . .
【语境速测】 完成句子
①It is a pity that yu didn’t attend my birthday party last night.
很遗憾你昨天晚上没有参加我的生日聚会。
句型转换
②Obviusly, he desn’t want t spend t much mney.
→It is bvius that he desn’t want t spend t much mney.
③That ur team has wn the game is n surprise.
→It is n surprise that ur team has wn the game.
④That I culdn’t ask fr his pinin is a pity.
→It is a pity that I culdn’t ask fr his pinin.
Ⅰ. 单句语法填空
1. (2020·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)Jennifer is a first-generatin graduate and an inspiratin(inspire) t her family — and that’s pretty pwerful.
2. (2019•天津高考)If yu see anything suspicius(suspect), please call Campus Security n 0800863800.
3. (2018·浙江高考)N ne will ever knw what mix f talent, ambitin, energy and luck made Dickens such a distinguished(distinguish)writer.
4. (2018·江苏高考)It fund many yungsters(少年)nw measure their status by hw much public apprval (apprve)they get nline, ften thrugh “likes”.
5. (2019·江苏高考)A thughtful fficial passed n sme f the cpies t the park authrities n the assumptin(assume) that they might make a nice blw-up fr ne f the visitrs’ centers.
Ⅱ. 语法填空(黑体词为本单元重点词汇)
I’m a senir three student and nw I’m busy preparing fr the cming Cllege Entrance Examinatin. In class, I’m 1. buried(bury) in studying in rder t have access 2. t a key university. I’m utging and I believe I can adapt 3. myself(my) t the cllege life as sn as pssible. It’s time that I shuld study hard t distinguish myself and at the same time I als hpe the teachers can instruct me 4. in my learning methds. T have a bright future, I think it is wrthwhile 5. t study (study)hard. Hw I wish I were a cllege student nw.
Tm was laid 6. ff by his bss last mnth. That’s because he ften 7. suspected(suspect)thers and assumed he was the best. After reflecting again and again, he realized he had n alternative but t vercme his shrtcmings, which was apprved 8. f by his parents. Frtunately, he fund a jb sn. Next week, he will set 9. ff fr Shanghai t begin his new jb. My whle family is very prud f him. Meanwhile, my brther’s change als 10. inspires(inspire) me t study harder.
Ⅲ. 短文改错
In recent years great changes have been taken place in my hmetwn. Ten years befre, the small and lw huses that lie n the nrth f the lake prduced much waste. As the result, the lake was seriusly plluted. T the west was a sandy field, what was the surce f dust. Even wrst, a brickyard n the suthwest f the lake used a great deal gd sil. Nw the pr huses have been replaced by green trees but the brickyard by tall buildings. The sandy field the villagers used t dig is cvering with fruit trees. Turists frm nearby twns ften spend the weekend bat n the lake.
答案:
1. 【解析】第一句去掉been。take place不能用于被动语态。
【易错警示】不能用于被动语态的一些动词短语belng t, cnsist f, date back t, date frm, break ut, cme abut, get thrugh, run ut等。
2. 【解析】第二句befre→ ag。“时间段+ag”与一般过去时连用; “时间段+befre”常与过去完成时连用。
3. 【解析】第二句lie→ lay。此处讲的是过去的事情, 所以用一般过去时。
4. 【解析】第三句As后面的the→ a。as a result是固定短语, 表示“因此”。
5. 【解析】第四句what→ which。which引导非限制性定语从句修饰a sandy field。what不能引导定语从句。
6. 【解析】第五句wrst →wrse。even wrse表示“更糟糕的是”。even修饰比较级。
7. 【解析】第五句deal后面加f。a great deal f是固定短语, 表示“许多”, 修饰不可数名词。
【知识链接】只能修饰不可数名词的表示“许多, 一些”的词语much, a large amunt f, amunts f, a little。
8. 【解析】第六句but→ and。此处前后是并列关系。
9. 【解析】第七句cvering→ cvered。be cvered with被……覆盖着。
10. 【解析】第八句bat→ bating。此处bat是动词, 表示“划船”。根据spensme spend sme time ding sth. 可知用bating。
核心素养 培养学生乐于学习、善于学习、终身学习的好习惯, 树立学生与时俱进、顺应时代发展的价值观
高考链接 2020•全国Ⅰ卷阅读理解B; 2020•全国Ⅱ卷阅读理解B; 2020•全国Ⅱ卷阅读理解D; 2020· 天津高考阅读理解A
Ⅰ. 话题与阅读理解
(2020•全国Ⅱ卷阅读理解B)
Sme parents will buy any high-tech ty if they think it will help their child, but researchers said puzzles help children with math-related skills.
Psychlgist Susan Levine, an expert n mathematics develpment in yung children at the University f Chicag, fund children wh play with puzzles between ages 2 and 4 later develp better spatial skills. Puzzle play was fund t be a significant predictr f cgnitin(认知) after cntrlling fr differences in parents’ incme, educatin and the amunt f parent talk, Levine said.
The researchers analyzed vide recrdings f 53 child-parent pairs during everyday activities at hme and fund children wh play with puzzles between 26 and 46 mnths f age have better spatial skills when assessed at 54 mnths f age.
“The children wh played with puzzles perfrmed better than thse wh did nt, n tasks that assessed their ability t rtate(旋转)and translate shapes, ” Levine said in a statement.
The parents were asked t interact with their children as they nrmally wuld, and abut half f children in the study played with puzzles at ne time. Higher-incme parents tended t have children play with puzzles mre frequently, and bth bys and girls wh played with puzzles had better spatial skills. Hwever, bys tended t play with mre cmplex puzzles than girls, and the parents f bys prvided mre spatial language and were mre active during puzzle play than the parents f girls.
The findings were published in the jurnal Develpmental Science.
【文章大意】研究人员发现拼图游戏可以帮助培养孩子数学方面的技能, 如空间技能。
1. In which aspect d children benefit frm puzzle play?
A. Building cnfidence.
B. Develping spatial skills.
C. Learning self-cntrl.
D. Gaining high-tech knwledge.
【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第二段的Psychlgist Susan Levine. . . fund children wh play with puzzles between ages 2 and 4 later develp better spatial skills. 以及第三段的. . . fund children wh play with puzzles between 26 and 46 mnths f age have better spatial skills. . . 可知, 玩拼图可以培养孩子的空间技能。故选B。
2. What did Levine take int cnsideratin when designing her experiment?
A. Parents’ age.
B. Children’s imaginatin.
C. Parents’ educatin.
D. Child-parent relatinship.
【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第二段的Puzzle play was fund t be a significant predictr f cgnitin after cntrlling fr differences in parents’ incme, educatin and the amunt f parent talk, Levine said. 可知, Levine在设计她的实验时会考虑父母的收入、教育以及和父母谈话的量。故选C。
3. Hw d bys differ frm girls in puzzle play?
A. They play with puzzles mre ften.
B. They tend t talk less during the game.
C. They prefer t use mre spatial language.
D. They are likely t play with tugher puzzles.
【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第五段的Hwever, bys tended t play with mre cmplex puzzles than girls可知, 男孩比女孩更倾向于玩较复杂的拼图。故选D。
4. What is the text mainly abut?
A. A mathematical methd.
B. A scientific study.
C. A wman psychlgist.
D. A teaching prgram.
【解析】选B。主旨大意题。研究人员发现拼图可以帮助培养孩子数学方面的技能, 如空间技能。另外, 根据文章中出现的researchers和findings可推断这篇文章讲的是一项科学研究。故选B。
【知识拓展】难句剖析
The researchers analyzed vide recrdings f 53 child-parent pairs during everyday activities at hme and fund children wh play with puzzles between 26 and 46 mnths f age have better spatial skills when assessed at 54 mnths f age.
分析: 第一个and连接并列谓语; wh play with puzzles between 26 and 46 mnths f age是关系代词wh引导的定语从句, 修饰children。when assessed at 54 mnths f age是状语从句的省略。
翻译: 研究人员分析了53对孩子和父母在家里的日常活动的录像, 发现年龄在26个月到46个月之间玩拼图的孩子在54个月大的时候被评价时有更好的空间技能。
【微技能点拨】 如何做阅读理解的主旨大意题
1. 串线法。抓首段和其余各段的第一句话, 把其意思连接成一个整体, 要注意总结性的提示词和转折词, 特别要注意中心句。
2. 小心首段陷阱。
3. 主旨大意题错误选项的干扰特征经常是:
(1)局部信息, 即选项的内容小于文章的内容。
(2)范围太宽, 即选项的内容大于文章的内容。
本文中第4题为主旨大意题。根据策略解题如下:
Step 1 题干关键词: the text mainly abut
Step 2 原文信息关键句: researchers, findings
Step 3 两者对比, 定位关键句: 尝试解答 B。
【微技能点拨】 如何做阅读理解的主旨大意题
1. 串线法。抓首段和其余各段的第一句话, 把其意思连接成一个整体, 要注意总结性的提示词和转折词, 特别要注意中心句。
2. 小心首段陷阱。
3. 主旨大意题错误选项的干扰特征经常是:
(1)局部信息, 即选项的内容小于文章的内容。
(2)范围太宽, 即选项的内容大于文章的内容。
本文中第4题为主旨大意题。根据策略解题如下:
Step 1 题干关键词: the text mainly abut
Step 2 原文信息关键句: researchers, findings
Step 3 两者对比, 定位关键句: 尝试解答 B。
【语用提能】
【微语法填空】
(2020•全国Ⅱ卷阅读理解B改编)
Researchers said puzzles help children with math-related skills. Psychlgist Susan Levine, an expert n mathematics 1. develpment (develp)in yung children at the University f Chicag, 2. fund(find) children wh play with puzzles between ages 2 and 4 later develp better spatial skills. Puzzle play was fund t be a significant predictr f cgnitin after 3. cntrlling(cntrl) fr differences in parents’ incme, educatin and the amunt f parent talk. The researchers analyzed vide recrdings 4. f 53 child-parent pairs during everyday activities at hme and fund children 5. wh play with puzzles between 26 and 46 mnths f age have better spatial skills when 6. assessed(assess) at 54 mnths f age. The parents were asked 7. t interact (interact)with their children as they nrmally wuld, and abut half f children in the study played with puzzles at ne time. Higher-incme parents tended t have children play with puzzles mre 8. frequently(frequent), and bth bys and girls wh played with puzzles had better spatial 9. skills(skill). Hwever, bys tended t play with mre cmplex puzzles 10. than girls, and the parents f bys prvided mre spatial language and were mre active during puzzle play than the parents f girls.
Ⅱ. 话题与写作
假如你是李华, 你的笔友Peter告诉你长大后他想成为一名宇航员。你回信告诉他你对他的梦想的看法。要点如下:
1. 建议他多了解太空知识并要集中精力学习;
2. 相信未来他会为本国的太空探索做出贡献。
注意: 1. 词数100左右;
2. 可适当增加细节;
3. 尽量使用本单元的知识点。
Step 1 写作技巧
①词汇提升
Yu decided t becme an astrnaut.
→Yu made up yur mind t becme an astrnaut.
②句式多变 (条件状语从句)
Yu will cntribute t yur cuntry’s space explratin. We will ffer ur cngratulatins n yur achievements.
→If yu make cntributins t yur cuntry’s space explratin, we will ffer ur cngratulatins n yur achievements.
Step 2 妙笔成篇
Dear Peter,
I am delighted t hear that yu made up yur mind t becme an astrnaut when yu grw up. Frm my pint f view, it’s admirable t have a great gal wrth fighting fr. Meanwhile yu shuld knw and learn mre abut the universe. Nw that yu are determined, yu shuld als cncentrate n yur studies s as t realize yur dream. If yu make cntributins t yur cuntry’s space explratin, we will surely ffer ur warm cngratulatins n yur achievements.
Wish yu success. Write back sn.
Yurs,
Li Hua
【加固训练】阅读填句
(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)
Sme individuals are brn with a gift fr public speaking. 1 D yu want t be a gd public speaker? Here are sme principles yu must master.
Peple want t listen t smene wh is interesting, relaxed and cmfrtable. T ften, when yu stand up t give a speech, yu fcus n the “public” at the expense f the “speaking. ” 2 Fcus n the speaking. Talk directly t yur audience, be yurself and make a cnnectin.
Even the mst successful public speaker will make mistakes. Yet, the nly ne wh cares abut any mistake is the ne wh is speaking. Peple’s attentin wanders cnstantly. In fact, mst peple nly absrb abut 20 percent f a speaker’s message. S, dn’t stp speaking when yu make a mistake unless it’s a truly serius ne. 3
Yur gal is nt t be a perfect public speaker. 4 And like everything else in life, that takes practice. Remember, even wrld champin athletes practice their skills n a cnsistent basis.
5 It’s rare t hear smene say, “I wish that speaker had spken lnger. ” On the ther hand, yu prbably can’t cunt the times that yu’ve thught, “I’m glad that talk is ver. It seemed t g n frever! ” S surprise yur audience. Always make yur presentatin just a bit shrter than anticipated. It’s better t leave yur listeners wishing fr mre than shifting restlessly in their seats waiting fr yur speech finally t end.
A. D the ppsite.
B. Yu want t be an effective public speaker.
C. Yu dn’t need t aplgize fr a minr slip.
D. When it cmes t public speaking, less is usually mre.
E. The bjective f mst speeches is t benefit the audience.
F. Take the fear ut f public speaking by fcusing n yur listeners.
G. Hwever, the majrity f peple are effective speakers because they train t be.
【文章大意】文章就如何成为一个好的演讲者提出了一些建议。
1. 【解析】选G。结合上文“有些人生来有演讲的天赋”和下文“你想成为一个好的演讲者吗? 这里有一些你必须要掌握的原则”可推知那些没有天赋的人可以通过培训成为好的演讲者, 故选G。
2. 【解析】选A。结合上文yu fcus n the “public” at the expense f the “speaking. ”和下文Fcus n the speaking. 可知上面做得不对, 要改成下面的做法。故选A。
3. 【解析】选C。结合上一句“只要错误不是很严重你就不要停下来”可知告诉你犯错误很正常, 你没必要为一些小错误道歉, 故选C。
4. 【解析】选B。结合上一句“你的目标不是成为一个完美的演讲者”可推知下一句会提到你想成为一名什么样的演讲者, 故选B。
5. 【解析】选D。结合下文内容都在说演讲的内容要简短, 以及观众喜欢的演讲的样子, 可推知本段的主题应为演讲简短收到的效果更好, 故选D。
【难句剖析】
S, dn’t stp speaking when yu make a mistake unless it’s truly serius ne.
分析: 本句是带有两个状语从句的复合句, unless引导的是条件状语从句; when yu. . . 是一个时间状语从句。
翻译: 所以, 当你犯错误时不要停止演讲, 除非错误非常严重。
话题词汇
puzzle, math-related, develpment, spatial, cgnitin, educatin, assess, perfrm, ability, study, cmplex, active
短语句式
interact with, play with, 状语从句的省略等
熟词新义
puzzle n. 拼版玩具
Ⅰ. 细品味经典文章
(2020·全国Ⅰ卷阅读理解B)
Returning t a bk yu’ve read many times can feel like drinks with an ld friend. There’s a welcme familiarity—but als smetimes a slight suspicin that time has changed yu bth, and thus the relatinship. But bks dn’t change, peple d. And that’s what makes the act f rereading s rich and transfrmative.
The beauty f rereading lies in the idea that ur bnd with the wrk is based n ur present mental register. It’s true, the lder I get, the mre I feel time has wings. But with reading, it’s all abut the present. It’s abut the nw and what ne cntributes t the nw, because reading is a give and take between authr and reader. Each has t pull their wn weight.
There are three bks I reread annually. The first, which I take t reading every spring, is Ernest Hemingway’s A Mveable Feast. Published in 1964, it’s his classic memir f 1920s Paris. The language is almst intxicating (令人陶醉的), an aging writer lking back n an ambitius yet simpler time. Anther is Annie Dillard’s Hly the Firm, her petic 1975 ramble (随笔) abut everything and nthing. The third bk is Juli Crt?zar’s Save Twilight: Selected Pems, because petry. And because Crt?zar.
While I tend t buy a lt f bks, these three were given t me as gifts, which might add t the meaning I attach t them. But I imagine that, while mney is indeed wnderful and necessary, rereading an authr’s wrk is the highest currency a reader can pay them. The best bks are the nes that pen further as time passes. But remember, it’s yu that has t grw and read and reread in rder t better understand yur friends.
Ⅱ. 按要求完成任务
1. 写出文章中与学习有关的单词或短语。
bk, read, reread, beauty, idea, bnd, cntribute t, reader, annually, publish, petic, ramble, add t, imagine, understand
2. 作为一名学生, 你如何规划你的学习?
As a high schl student, especially ne abut t take the cllege entrance examinatin, I will wrk ut a set f detailed test preparatin plans. I will listen carefully in class every day, take ntes, review well after class, find questins and slve them at any time.
Ⅰ. 重点词汇
1. suspect v. 怀疑; 猜疑(通常不用于进行时)n. [C]嫌疑犯, 可疑分子
教材原句
I suspect that they laid me ff because the cmpany was nt ding that well but it still brught a lump t my thrat and made me want t cry. (P36)我怀疑他们裁掉我是因为公司经营得不是很好, 但这仍然使我喉头哽咽, 让我想哭。
【词块必记】
(1)suspect sb. /sth. t be+n. /adj. 怀疑/猜疑某人/某物为……
suspect sb. f (ding) sth. 怀疑某人(做过)某事
(2)suspicius adj. 可疑的, 令人怀疑的
be suspicius f/abut sth. 对某事怀疑
【思维拓展】除作动词外, suspect还可作名词, 表示“嫌疑犯”; 形容词, 表示“不可信的, 可疑的”, 一般作表语。
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①What she said sunded cnvincing, but I suspected it t be(be)a lie.
②Tw suspects(suspect)in cnnectin with the case are nw being interrgated(审讯).
③His reasn fr being absent is suspect(suspect).
④If yu see smething suspicius (suspect), infrm the plice at nce.
句型转换
⑤We had n reasn t suspect(that)he might try t kill himself.
→We had n reasn t suspect him f trying t kill himself.
2. instruct vt. 指导, 教导; 指示, 命令; 告知, 通知
教材原句
I gt my grandsn t instruct me n hw t email and use the Internet and I really enjy the speed at which my messages get sent and answered. (P36)
我让我的孙子教我怎样收发电子邮件和使用互联网, 我真的很喜欢信息传送和回复的速度。
【词块必记】
(1)instruct sb. t d/in ding. . . 命令某人做……
instruct sb. in sth. 教授/传授某人某事
instruct that sb. (shuld) d sth. 命令某人做某事(宾语从句中用虚拟语气)
(2)instructin n. [C]用法说明, 操作指南; 指示; 命令; [U]指导; 讲授
(3)instructive adj. 有益的, 有教育意义的; 指导性的
【熟词生义】
All ur staff have been instructed in sign language. 教授, 传授(技能等)
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①Withut yur instructin(instruct), I wuld nt have made such great prgress.
②The judge instructed the witness t tell (tell) the truth.
③As far as I’m cncerned, great effrt is needed t instruct children in rad safety.
④It is the mst instructive (instruct) lecture that I have attended since I came t this schl.
一句多译
经理命令我快速把房间打扫出来。
⑤The manager instructed me t clean the rm quickly. (instruct sb. t d sth. )
⑥The manager instructed me in cleaning the rm quickly. (instruct sb. in ding sth. )
⑦The manager instructed that I (shuld) clean the rm quickly. (instruct that)
3. distinguish vt. 区别, 辨别; 使具有某种特征
教材原句
If the rm had nt been dark, he wuld have distinguished the tw pictures. (P37)
如果房间不暗, 他早就分辨出两幅图画了。
【词块必记】
(1)distinguish . . . frm . . . 将……与……区别开
distinguish between . . . and . . . (=tell the difference between . . . and . . . )区分……和……
distinguish neself (as . . . ) (作为……)表现突出
(2)distinguished adj. 卓越的; 著名的; 杰出的
be distinguished fr (=be famus fr) 因……而出名
distinguishing adj. 有区别的
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①Speeches distinguish human beings frm animals.
②I admire yur distinguished(distinguish)achievements.
③He was distinguished fr his knwledge f ecnmics and was elected as head f the ecnmic schl.
④She has already distinguished herself as a great vlleyball player in the wrld.
⑤The English crner gives me a chance t distinguish myself (me) by speaking English fluently.
句型转换
⑥It culd make it hard fr peple t tell the difference between virtual reality and reality.
→It culd make it hard fr peple t distinguish between virtual reality and reality.
4. access n. 入口, 通路; (使用或见到的)机会, 权利
教材原句
The thing abut being a teacher is that yu have access t children’s minds when they are pen and eager t learn. (P40)作为一名老师, 你可以在孩子们心灵顿开、渴望学习时进入他们的思想。
【词块必记】
(1)gain/btain/get/have access t 有权进入/使用……, 拥有……的机会
have n access t 没有……的机会; 无法接近
give access t 接近; 准许进入(接近)
(2)accessible adj. 易到达的, 易接近的
be accessible t 对……而言容易接近的; 可靠近的; 容易进入的
【误区释疑】access前通常不加冠词, 且access和accessible短语中的t是介词。
【构词法】access+-ible(形容词后缀)=accessible adj. 易到达的, 易接近的
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①Wmen have n access t btaining (btain) educatin in ld days.
②Medicine shuld nt be kept where it is accessible (access) t children.
③The ld man tells me that the nly access t the village is by bat.
句型转换
④Every student has a chance t be admitted int a key university.
→Every student has/gains/gets access t a key university.
⑤The public have n chance t see these films.
→These films aren’t accessible t the public.
【写作金句】
The gd news is that yu can have access t almst all the famus places f interest in China nline nw.
好消息是, 你现在可以通过网络访问中国几乎所有的著名景点。
5. apprve vi. 赞成; 认可; 同意vt. 批准
【典型例句】
If nly the cmmittee wuld apprve the new envirnmental regulatins and put them int effect as sn as pssible. 要是委员会能批准新的环境法规并尽快使其生效就好了。
【词块必记】
(1)apprve f 赞成, 赞许
apprve f sb. ding sth. 同意某人做某事
apprve f (ne’s) ding . . . 赞同/支持(某人)做……
apprve (ding) sth. 批准(做)某事
(2)apprval n. 同意; 批准
meet with sb. ’s apprval 得到某人的批准
win/earn sb. ’s apprval 取得某人的同意/赞成
give apprval t . . . 批准
【误区释疑】apprve作“批准”讲时, 常用作及物动词; 作“赞成”讲时, 用作不及物动词, 与f搭配, “赞成某人做某事”应表达为 apprve f sb. ’s ding sth. 。
【熟词生义】
Nt everyne apprves f the festival. (喜欢)
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①I wuld appreciate it if my applicatin culd get yur apprval (apprve).
②I am afraid yur parents wn’t apprve f yur marrying(marry) him.
③He has been there many times. N wnder he desn’t apprve f the plan t g there fr hlidays.
完成句子
④By ding well at schl he hped t win/earn his parents’ apprval.
他在学校表现不错, 希望以此来得到父母的赞许。
句型转换
⑤He desn’t apprve f me leaving schl this year.
→He desn’t give apprval t my leaving schl this year.
→I dn’t meet with his apprval t leave schl this year.
【写作金句】
I am lking frward t the apprval f my suggestins.
我期待着我的建议得到批准。
6. inspire v. 鼓舞, 鼓励; 激发; 启示; 使产生(某种感觉或情感)
教材原句
But even thugh Aristtle was a great man wh inspired many great scientists and philsphers after him, he was wrng at times. (P43)
但即使是亚里士多德这样一位启发了他之后的许多杰出的科学家和哲学家的伟大人物, 有时也会出错。
【词块必记】
(1)inspire sb. t d sth. 激励/鼓励某人做某事
inspire sb. with sth. =inspire sth. in sb.
激起某人的……(某种情感)
(2)inspiratin n. 灵感; 鼓舞
(3)inspired adj. 受到鼓舞的
inspiring adj. 令人鼓舞的, 振奋人心的
【构词法】inspir(e)+-atin(名词后缀)=inspiratin n. 灵感; 鼓舞
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①I hpe this success will inspire yu t make (make)greater effrts.
②In additin t reading fr knwledge, we read fr fun and inspiratin (inspire).
③The man has built up his business ver the years, which makes me inspired (inspire).
④As we all knw, Lincln is regarded as ne f the mst inspiring (inspire) figures in the wrld.
【写作金句】
Nt nly des it enrich students’ life experiences, but it inspires their scial respnsibility.
它不仅丰富了学生的生活经历, 而且激发了他们的社会责任感。
Ⅱ. 核心短语
7. be accustmed t习惯于(表示状态)
教材原句
Althugh tday we are mre accustmed t typing a few key wrds int a search engine and waiting fr the Internet t spit the answer ut fr us. . . (P42)
尽管我们现在更习惯于在搜索引擎敲进几个关键词, 等待互联网为我们吐出答案……
【词块必记】
(1)be accustmed/used t (ding) sth.
习惯于(做)某事
get/becme accustmed t (ding) sth.
变得适应了(做)某事
(2)accustm vt. 使……习惯于……
accustm neself t . . . 使自己习惯于……
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①The American teacher asked me if I had been accustmed t studying (study) there.
②As we all knw, children are easy t accustm themselves(them) t new surrundings.
③Accustmed(accustm) t climbing the steep muntain, Kevin had n difficulty reaching the tp.
句式升级
④He was accustmed t the custm and didn’t want t change it.
=Accustmed t the custm, he didn’t want t change it. (用过去分词短语作状语)
=Accustming himself t the custm, he didn’t want t change it. (用现在分词短语作状语)
8. set ff出发, 动身; (使)爆炸, 引爆; 燃放; 引发; 衬托
教材原句
I remember that he let me pur sme pwder int the rcket and then anther student lit a flame t set it ff. (P40)我记得他让我把一些火药倒入火箭, 然后另一名学生点火将火箭发射了出去。
【词块必记】
set abut ding . . . =set ut t d . . . 着手做……
set ut fr . . . 动身去……
set up 建起, 竖起; 建立; 提出(意见)
set aside 搁置一边; 省钱, 存钱
set dwn 写下, 记下
【语境速测】 用set短语填空
①I’m hping I’ll set up my wn business smeday.
②A great many bys were setting ff firewrks in the street during the Spring Festival.
③I try t set aside sme time each day t d sme exercise.
④We gathered at the ft f Daqing Muntain and set ut fr the tp in high spirits.
⑤Yu had better set dwn yur idea befre yu frget it.
完成句子
⑥He set abut setting dwn the nte after the teacher finished explaining.
老师解释完之后他开始着手记笔记。
9. t a certain extent在某种程度上
教材原句
T a certain extent, yu’re right. (P36)
在某种程度上, 你是对的。
【词块必记】
t sme extent 在某种程度上
t a great/large extent 在很大程度上
extent n. 程度; 范围; 长度
the extent f 在……的范围
in extent 就面积而言
【语境速测】 完成句子
①T a certain extent, it was my fault that we lst the chance.
我们失去这次机会在某种程度上是我的错。
②I agree with yu t sme extent.
我在某种程度上赞同你。
③T a great extent, it’s yur genes that decide.
在很大程度上, 起决定作用的是你的基因。
Ⅲ. 经典句式
10. I decided that it was time I became an Internet user.
我觉得该是我成为因特网用户的时候了。
【典型例句】
It’s high time that they left/shuld leave fr Beijing.
到了他们动身去北京的时候了。
【句型公式】
(1)It’s (abut/high) time (that)+shuld d/did sth. “该是做……的时候了”。
(2)It’s time (fr sb. ) t d sth. “该是(某人)做……的时候了”。
(3)It/This is/was the+序数词+ time (that) . . . “这是某人第……次做某事了”。
【误区释疑】
在句型“It/This is/was the+序数词+ time (that) . . . ”中, 从句的谓语动词常用完成时态: is与has/have dne对应; was与had dne对应。
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①It is time fr me t g (g) t pick up my daughter at schl.
②This is the first time that I have been (be) away frm my hme fr such a lng time.
③It is time yu had/shuld have(have)yur temperature taken.
④This is the last time I have asked(ask)yu fr mney.
一句多译
该是我们采取措施防止空气受污染的时候了。
⑤It’s time fr us t take steps t stp the air frm being plluted.
⑥It’s time that we shuld take/tk steps t stp the air frm being plluted.
11. Smetimes I wish I culd phne him and ask fr his pinin!
有时我真希望能给他打个电话问问他的意见!
【典型例句】
①I wish it were spring in my hmetwn all the year rund. 但愿我的家乡四季如春。
②Nw I wish I’d dne mre wrk, especially in maths.
现在我希望自己以前多做一些功课, 特别是在数学方面。
③He really wishes he culd listen t yur class again.
他真的希望能再次听您讲课。
【句型公式】
(1)对现在情况的虚拟: wish+主语+动词过去式(be用were)。
(2)对过去情况的虚拟: wish+主语+had+过去分词。
(3)对将来情况的虚拟: wish+主语+wuld/culd+动词原形。
【误区释疑】
(1)与现在事实相反时, 从句中的be动词一律用were。
(2)与将来事实相反时, 从句中的谓语动词用wuld/culd+动词原形, 不用might或shuld。
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①He wishes he wuld becme (becme) a bird flying in the sky ne day.
②I wish I knew(knw)hw he was ging t handle the prblems.
完成句子
③Hw I wish I had had smene t turn t fr advice when I was puzzled.
当我感到困惑时, 我多希望能向某个人求教。
④I wish that I were a bird and culd fly freely in the sky.
我希望我是一只小鸟, 能在天空中自由飞翔。
【写作金句】
I wish that yu culd grasp this pprtunity t learn traditinal Chinese culture further.
我希望你能抓住这个机会, 进一步学习中国传统文化。
【备选要点】
1. bury vt. (buried; buried)掩埋; 埋葬; 使专心, 使沉浸; 隐藏
教材原句
S many peple think that after yu retire, all yu can d is switch ff yur brain and bury everything yu’ve ever learnt. (P36)
因此, 很多人认为退休后你所能做的就是关闭大脑, 埋藏所学过的所有东西。
【词块必记】
be buried in=bury neself in 埋头于; 专心于
be buried in thught 沉思
bury ne’s face in ne’s hands 双手掩面
【误区释疑】
表示“专心于; 致力于”的短语还有:
①be devted/addicted t
②be lst/engaged/absrbed in
③fix/cncentrate ne’s attentin n
④cncentrate/fcus n
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①Ever since he mved there, he has buried himself (him) in his research wrk.
②The girl was sitting n the bench in the park, burying (bury) her head in the bk in her hands.
③She was buried in thught when she heard she didn’t pass the driving test.
④Buried (bury) in his study, he wasn’t aware that all the thers had left.
句式转换
⑤He buried himself in bks all day t escape frm his sadness.
→Burying himself in bks all day, he wanted t escape frm his sadness.
→Buried in bks all day, he wanted t escape frm his sadness.
2. alternative adj. 非传统的; 可供选择的n. 可供选择的事物
教材原句
What des“alternative educatin” mean? (P38)
“非传统教育”指的是什么?
【词块必记】
have n alternative but t d sth. =there’s n alternative but t d sth. 除做……以外别无选择
an alternative t. . . ……的替代品
【思维拓展】
“别无选择只好做某事”的表达还有: cannt but d sth. ; have n chice but t d sth. ; cannt help but d sth. 。
【语境速测】 完成句子
①The way was blcked, s we went by an alternative rad.
这条路被挡住了, 因此我们走了另一条路。
②S serius is this prblem that we have n alternative but t take sme measures t slve this prblem.
该问题是如此严重, 因此我们别无选择只能采取一些措施来解决这个问题。
句型转换
③I had n chice but t reprt him t the plice.
→I had n alternative but t reprt him t the plice.
3. lack vt. 缺乏, 没有n. 缺乏, 不足; 短缺的东西
教材原句
. . . but it was prbably because I lacked cnfidence in myself. (P40)……但那很可能是因为我缺乏自信。
【词块必记】
(1)lack sth. 缺乏/少某物(没有被动语态)
lack fr 需要, 需求(常用于否定句)
(2)(a) lack f . . . 缺乏……
fr/thrugh lack f 因缺乏……
(3)lacking adj. 缺少的, 不足的(不置于名词前)
be lacking in sth. 缺少某物
【误区释疑】(1)lack既可以作动词也可以作名词。作及物动词时, 后面直接跟宾语; 作不及物动词时常用介词fr; 作名词时, 后面常用介词f。
(2)lacking为形容词, 但一般不放在名词前作定语, 常与in连用。
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①I find it quite bring t chat with thse wh are lacking in humur.
②They carried n with their experiment in spite f the lack f facilities.
③It’s a pity that he did nt finish his schling fr lack f mney.
④They are s rich that they lack fr nthing.
句型转换
⑤They culd nt finish their wrk n time because they lack mney.
→They culd nt finish their wrk n time fr lack f mney.
→Lacking in mney, they culd nt finish their wrk n time.
4. wrthwhile adj. 值得(做)的(可作表语、定语或补语)
教材原句
And if what I d as a teacher can help turn a child like Graham int such a successful adult, then I knw what I’m ding is wrthwhile. (P40)如果作为一名老师我所做的工作能够帮助将一个像格雷厄姆这样的孩子变成一个如此成功的成年人, 那么我知道我所做的一切都是值得的。
【词块必记】
【误区释疑】wrth一般只作表语, 可用程度词well修饰, be wrth ding用主动形式表示被动意义; 而wrthy和wrthwhile既可作表语又可作定语。
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①Smetimes I dubt whether it’s wrthwhile studying(study)abrad fr sme Chinese students.
②This article is well wrth reading (read), but it is nt wrthy f being translated/t be translated (translate).
句型转换
③The questin is nt wrth discussing.
→The questin is nt wrthy f being discussed.
→The questin is nt wrthy t be discussed.
【写作金句】
Since yu are interested in traditinal Chinese culture, I think it is well wrthwhile experiencing/t experience this festival.
既然你对中国传统文化感兴趣, 我认为这个节日很值得你体验。
5. urge vt. 力劝; 催促; 强烈要求n. 强烈的欲望, 冲动
教材原句
At first, peple apprved f his studies and urged him t cntinue, but later when he prved Aristtle wrng, they grew angry and put him in prisn. (P42)起初, 人们赞同他的研究并敦促他继续进行, 但是后来当他证明亚里士多德错了的时候, 他们就生气了, 把他关进了监狱。
【词块必记】
(1)urge sb. t d/int ding sth. 强烈要求某人做某事
urge sth. n/upn sb. 向某人强调某事
urge that sb. (shuld) d sth. 极力主张某人做某事
It is urged that. . . (shuld) d sth. 坚决要求……
(2)have an urge t d sth. 有做某事的强烈欲望
(3)urgent adj. 紧急的, 紧迫的
【误区释疑】urge后跟that从句或在句型It is urged that. . . 中时, that从句中谓语动词用虚拟语气, 即“shuld+动词原形”, shuld可以省略。
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①They urged that the Science Museum (shuld)be kept(keep)pen during the vacatin.
②He urged me t accept/int accepting(accept)his suggestin.
一句多译
他要求我们立即采取行动。
③He urged us t take an immediate actin.
④He urged us int taking an immediate actin.
⑤He urged that we(shuld)take an immediate actin.
【写作金句】
Due t the urgent epidemic situatin, everyne shuld spare n effrt t prevent the disease frm harming mre peple.
由于疫情紧急, 每个人都应该不遗余力地防止疾病伤害更多的人。
6. assume vt. 假定, 假设; 认为
教材原句
Why did Aristtle assume that the sun mved arund the Earth? (P43)为什么亚里士多德认为太阳绕着地球转?
【词块必记】
(1)assume sb. /sth. t be. . . 假定/假设某人/某事为……
It is assumed that . . . 人们认为……
(2)assumptin n. 假定, 假设
make an assumptin 认为; 假定
n the assumptin that . . . 假定……; 在假定……的情况下
(3)assuming (that) . . . 假设/假定……
【熟词生义】
The curt assumed respnsibility fr the girl’s welfare. 承担(责任)
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①It is generally assumed that hard wrk leads t great success.
②Assuming(assume)that yu are right, what shuld we d next?
句型转换
③Cnsidering what she has dne, we assume her t be warm-hearted.
→Cnsidering what she has dne, we assume(that)she is warm-hearted.
→ It is assumed that she is warm-hearted cnsidering what she has dne.
7. lay ff解雇; 裁员; 停止
教材原句
Three mnths ag, when my manager tld me that I wuld be laid ff, my mind went blank and my heart swelled with anger. (P36)三个月前, 当我的经理告诉我, 我将被解雇时, 我的脑子一片空白, 满腔怒火。
【词块必记】
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①The car factry is ging t lay ff arund 150 wrkers because f the drp in sales.
②Grace laid ut the knives and frks at the lunch table.
③The enemy were frced t lay dwn their arms and give in.
④My parents live a simple life in rder t lay aside enugh mney fr my higher educatin.
完成句子
⑤Meanwhile, we als well lay stress n the research and develpment fr new prducts.
与此同时, 我们也非常注重新产品的研究和开发。
⑥She stle the mney but she’s trying t lay the blame n me.
她偷了钱, 却想把责任推到我身上。
8. It is nt surprising that peple wanted t believe these ancient views as they had been put frward by the great philspher Aristtle(384-322 BC). 人们愿意相信这些古老的见解, 因为那是伟大的哲学家亚里士多德(公元前384—公元前322)提出来的, 这毫不奇怪。
【典型例句】
①It is reprted that the fall f the landslide has caused tw hundred deaths. 据报道, 山体滑坡已致200人死亡。
②It happened that we were all ut that day.
碰巧那天我们都不在家。
【句型公式】
(1)It is nt surprising that. . . 表示“……不足为奇”。it为形式主语, 真正的主语是that从句。“It’s+adj. +that. . . ”常用来表示“……令人感到……”。
(2)it作形式主语的句型还有:
·It+be+过去分词(said, reprted等)+that. . .
·It+不及物动词(seem, appear等)+that. . .
·It+be+名词短语(a pity, n wnder等)+that. . .
【语境速测】 完成句子
①It is a pity that yu didn’t attend my birthday party last night.
很遗憾你昨天晚上没有参加我的生日聚会。
句型转换
②Obviusly, he desn’t want t spend t much mney.
→It is bvius that he desn’t want t spend t much mney.
③That ur team has wn the game is n surprise.
→It is n surprise that ur team has wn the game.
④That I culdn’t ask fr his pinin is a pity.
→It is a pity that I culdn’t ask fr his pinin.
Ⅰ. 单句语法填空
1. (2020·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)Jennifer is a first-generatin graduate and an inspiratin(inspire) t her family — and that’s pretty pwerful.
2. (2019•天津高考)If yu see anything suspicius(suspect), please call Campus Security n 0800863800.
3. (2018·浙江高考)N ne will ever knw what mix f talent, ambitin, energy and luck made Dickens such a distinguished(distinguish)writer.
4. (2018·江苏高考)It fund many yungsters(少年)nw measure their status by hw much public apprval (apprve)they get nline, ften thrugh “likes”.
5. (2019·江苏高考)A thughtful fficial passed n sme f the cpies t the park authrities n the assumptin(assume) that they might make a nice blw-up fr ne f the visitrs’ centers.
Ⅱ. 语法填空(黑体词为本单元重点词汇)
I’m a senir three student and nw I’m busy preparing fr the cming Cllege Entrance Examinatin. In class, I’m 1. buried(bury) in studying in rder t have access 2. t a key university. I’m utging and I believe I can adapt 3. myself(my) t the cllege life as sn as pssible. It’s time that I shuld study hard t distinguish myself and at the same time I als hpe the teachers can instruct me 4. in my learning methds. T have a bright future, I think it is wrthwhile 5. t study (study)hard. Hw I wish I were a cllege student nw.
Tm was laid 6. ff by his bss last mnth. That’s because he ften 7. suspected(suspect)thers and assumed he was the best. After reflecting again and again, he realized he had n alternative but t vercme his shrtcmings, which was apprved 8. f by his parents. Frtunately, he fund a jb sn. Next week, he will set 9. ff fr Shanghai t begin his new jb. My whle family is very prud f him. Meanwhile, my brther’s change als 10. inspires(inspire) me t study harder.
Ⅲ. 短文改错
In recent years great changes have been taken place in my hmetwn. Ten years befre, the small and lw huses that lie n the nrth f the lake prduced much waste. As the result, the lake was seriusly plluted. T the west was a sandy field, what was the surce f dust. Even wrst, a brickyard n the suthwest f the lake used a great deal gd sil. Nw the pr huses have been replaced by green trees but the brickyard by tall buildings. The sandy field the villagers used t dig is cvering with fruit trees. Turists frm nearby twns ften spend the weekend bat n the lake.
答案:
1. 【解析】第一句去掉been。take place不能用于被动语态。
【易错警示】不能用于被动语态的一些动词短语belng t, cnsist f, date back t, date frm, break ut, cme abut, get thrugh, run ut等。
2. 【解析】第二句befre→ ag。“时间段+ag”与一般过去时连用; “时间段+befre”常与过去完成时连用。
3. 【解析】第二句lie→ lay。此处讲的是过去的事情, 所以用一般过去时。
4. 【解析】第三句As后面的the→ a。as a result是固定短语, 表示“因此”。
5. 【解析】第四句what→ which。which引导非限制性定语从句修饰a sandy field。what不能引导定语从句。
6. 【解析】第五句wrst →wrse。even wrse表示“更糟糕的是”。even修饰比较级。
7. 【解析】第五句deal后面加f。a great deal f是固定短语, 表示“许多”, 修饰不可数名词。
【知识链接】只能修饰不可数名词的表示“许多, 一些”的词语much, a large amunt f, amunts f, a little。
8. 【解析】第六句but→ and。此处前后是并列关系。
9. 【解析】第七句cvering→ cvered。be cvered with被……覆盖着。
10. 【解析】第八句bat→ bating。此处bat是动词, 表示“划船”。根据spensme spend sme time ding sth. 可知用bating。
核心素养 培养学生乐于学习、善于学习、终身学习的好习惯, 树立学生与时俱进、顺应时代发展的价值观
高考链接 2020•全国Ⅰ卷阅读理解B; 2020•全国Ⅱ卷阅读理解B; 2020•全国Ⅱ卷阅读理解D; 2020· 天津高考阅读理解A
Ⅰ. 话题与阅读理解
(2020•全国Ⅱ卷阅读理解B)
Sme parents will buy any high-tech ty if they think it will help their child, but researchers said puzzles help children with math-related skills.
Psychlgist Susan Levine, an expert n mathematics develpment in yung children at the University f Chicag, fund children wh play with puzzles between ages 2 and 4 later develp better spatial skills. Puzzle play was fund t be a significant predictr f cgnitin(认知) after cntrlling fr differences in parents’ incme, educatin and the amunt f parent talk, Levine said.
The researchers analyzed vide recrdings f 53 child-parent pairs during everyday activities at hme and fund children wh play with puzzles between 26 and 46 mnths f age have better spatial skills when assessed at 54 mnths f age.
“The children wh played with puzzles perfrmed better than thse wh did nt, n tasks that assessed their ability t rtate(旋转)and translate shapes, ” Levine said in a statement.
The parents were asked t interact with their children as they nrmally wuld, and abut half f children in the study played with puzzles at ne time. Higher-incme parents tended t have children play with puzzles mre frequently, and bth bys and girls wh played with puzzles had better spatial skills. Hwever, bys tended t play with mre cmplex puzzles than girls, and the parents f bys prvided mre spatial language and were mre active during puzzle play than the parents f girls.
The findings were published in the jurnal Develpmental Science.
【文章大意】研究人员发现拼图游戏可以帮助培养孩子数学方面的技能, 如空间技能。
1. In which aspect d children benefit frm puzzle play?
A. Building cnfidence.
B. Develping spatial skills.
C. Learning self-cntrl.
D. Gaining high-tech knwledge.
【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第二段的Psychlgist Susan Levine. . . fund children wh play with puzzles between ages 2 and 4 later develp better spatial skills. 以及第三段的. . . fund children wh play with puzzles between 26 and 46 mnths f age have better spatial skills. . . 可知, 玩拼图可以培养孩子的空间技能。故选B。
2. What did Levine take int cnsideratin when designing her experiment?
A. Parents’ age.
B. Children’s imaginatin.
C. Parents’ educatin.
D. Child-parent relatinship.
【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第二段的Puzzle play was fund t be a significant predictr f cgnitin after cntrlling fr differences in parents’ incme, educatin and the amunt f parent talk, Levine said. 可知, Levine在设计她的实验时会考虑父母的收入、教育以及和父母谈话的量。故选C。
3. Hw d bys differ frm girls in puzzle play?
A. They play with puzzles mre ften.
B. They tend t talk less during the game.
C. They prefer t use mre spatial language.
D. They are likely t play with tugher puzzles.
【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第五段的Hwever, bys tended t play with mre cmplex puzzles than girls可知, 男孩比女孩更倾向于玩较复杂的拼图。故选D。
4. What is the text mainly abut?
A. A mathematical methd.
B. A scientific study.
C. A wman psychlgist.
D. A teaching prgram.
【解析】选B。主旨大意题。研究人员发现拼图可以帮助培养孩子数学方面的技能, 如空间技能。另外, 根据文章中出现的researchers和findings可推断这篇文章讲的是一项科学研究。故选B。
【知识拓展】难句剖析
The researchers analyzed vide recrdings f 53 child-parent pairs during everyday activities at hme and fund children wh play with puzzles between 26 and 46 mnths f age have better spatial skills when assessed at 54 mnths f age.
分析: 第一个and连接并列谓语; wh play with puzzles between 26 and 46 mnths f age是关系代词wh引导的定语从句, 修饰children。when assessed at 54 mnths f age是状语从句的省略。
翻译: 研究人员分析了53对孩子和父母在家里的日常活动的录像, 发现年龄在26个月到46个月之间玩拼图的孩子在54个月大的时候被评价时有更好的空间技能。
【微技能点拨】 如何做阅读理解的主旨大意题
1. 串线法。抓首段和其余各段的第一句话, 把其意思连接成一个整体, 要注意总结性的提示词和转折词, 特别要注意中心句。
2. 小心首段陷阱。
3. 主旨大意题错误选项的干扰特征经常是:
(1)局部信息, 即选项的内容小于文章的内容。
(2)范围太宽, 即选项的内容大于文章的内容。
本文中第4题为主旨大意题。根据策略解题如下:
Step 1 题干关键词: the text mainly abut
Step 2 原文信息关键句: researchers, findings
Step 3 两者对比, 定位关键句: 尝试解答 B。
【微技能点拨】 如何做阅读理解的主旨大意题
1. 串线法。抓首段和其余各段的第一句话, 把其意思连接成一个整体, 要注意总结性的提示词和转折词, 特别要注意中心句。
2. 小心首段陷阱。
3. 主旨大意题错误选项的干扰特征经常是:
(1)局部信息, 即选项的内容小于文章的内容。
(2)范围太宽, 即选项的内容大于文章的内容。
本文中第4题为主旨大意题。根据策略解题如下:
Step 1 题干关键词: the text mainly abut
Step 2 原文信息关键句: researchers, findings
Step 3 两者对比, 定位关键句: 尝试解答 B。
【语用提能】
【微语法填空】
(2020•全国Ⅱ卷阅读理解B改编)
Researchers said puzzles help children with math-related skills. Psychlgist Susan Levine, an expert n mathematics 1. develpment (develp)in yung children at the University f Chicag, 2. fund(find) children wh play with puzzles between ages 2 and 4 later develp better spatial skills. Puzzle play was fund t be a significant predictr f cgnitin after 3. cntrlling(cntrl) fr differences in parents’ incme, educatin and the amunt f parent talk. The researchers analyzed vide recrdings 4. f 53 child-parent pairs during everyday activities at hme and fund children 5. wh play with puzzles between 26 and 46 mnths f age have better spatial skills when 6. assessed(assess) at 54 mnths f age. The parents were asked 7. t interact (interact)with their children as they nrmally wuld, and abut half f children in the study played with puzzles at ne time. Higher-incme parents tended t have children play with puzzles mre 8. frequently(frequent), and bth bys and girls wh played with puzzles had better spatial 9. skills(skill). Hwever, bys tended t play with mre cmplex puzzles 10. than girls, and the parents f bys prvided mre spatial language and were mre active during puzzle play than the parents f girls.
Ⅱ. 话题与写作
假如你是李华, 你的笔友Peter告诉你长大后他想成为一名宇航员。你回信告诉他你对他的梦想的看法。要点如下:
1. 建议他多了解太空知识并要集中精力学习;
2. 相信未来他会为本国的太空探索做出贡献。
注意: 1. 词数100左右;
2. 可适当增加细节;
3. 尽量使用本单元的知识点。
Step 1 写作技巧
①词汇提升
Yu decided t becme an astrnaut.
→Yu made up yur mind t becme an astrnaut.
②句式多变 (条件状语从句)
Yu will cntribute t yur cuntry’s space explratin. We will ffer ur cngratulatins n yur achievements.
→If yu make cntributins t yur cuntry’s space explratin, we will ffer ur cngratulatins n yur achievements.
Step 2 妙笔成篇
Dear Peter,
I am delighted t hear that yu made up yur mind t becme an astrnaut when yu grw up. Frm my pint f view, it’s admirable t have a great gal wrth fighting fr. Meanwhile yu shuld knw and learn mre abut the universe. Nw that yu are determined, yu shuld als cncentrate n yur studies s as t realize yur dream. If yu make cntributins t yur cuntry’s space explratin, we will surely ffer ur warm cngratulatins n yur achievements.
Wish yu success. Write back sn.
Yurs,
Li Hua
【加固训练】阅读填句
(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)
Sme individuals are brn with a gift fr public speaking. 1 D yu want t be a gd public speaker? Here are sme principles yu must master.
Peple want t listen t smene wh is interesting, relaxed and cmfrtable. T ften, when yu stand up t give a speech, yu fcus n the “public” at the expense f the “speaking. ” 2 Fcus n the speaking. Talk directly t yur audience, be yurself and make a cnnectin.
Even the mst successful public speaker will make mistakes. Yet, the nly ne wh cares abut any mistake is the ne wh is speaking. Peple’s attentin wanders cnstantly. In fact, mst peple nly absrb abut 20 percent f a speaker’s message. S, dn’t stp speaking when yu make a mistake unless it’s a truly serius ne. 3
Yur gal is nt t be a perfect public speaker. 4 And like everything else in life, that takes practice. Remember, even wrld champin athletes practice their skills n a cnsistent basis.
5 It’s rare t hear smene say, “I wish that speaker had spken lnger. ” On the ther hand, yu prbably can’t cunt the times that yu’ve thught, “I’m glad that talk is ver. It seemed t g n frever! ” S surprise yur audience. Always make yur presentatin just a bit shrter than anticipated. It’s better t leave yur listeners wishing fr mre than shifting restlessly in their seats waiting fr yur speech finally t end.
A. D the ppsite.
B. Yu want t be an effective public speaker.
C. Yu dn’t need t aplgize fr a minr slip.
D. When it cmes t public speaking, less is usually mre.
E. The bjective f mst speeches is t benefit the audience.
F. Take the fear ut f public speaking by fcusing n yur listeners.
G. Hwever, the majrity f peple are effective speakers because they train t be.
【文章大意】文章就如何成为一个好的演讲者提出了一些建议。
1. 【解析】选G。结合上文“有些人生来有演讲的天赋”和下文“你想成为一个好的演讲者吗? 这里有一些你必须要掌握的原则”可推知那些没有天赋的人可以通过培训成为好的演讲者, 故选G。
2. 【解析】选A。结合上文yu fcus n the “public” at the expense f the “speaking. ”和下文Fcus n the speaking. 可知上面做得不对, 要改成下面的做法。故选A。
3. 【解析】选C。结合上一句“只要错误不是很严重你就不要停下来”可知告诉你犯错误很正常, 你没必要为一些小错误道歉, 故选C。
4. 【解析】选B。结合上一句“你的目标不是成为一个完美的演讲者”可推知下一句会提到你想成为一名什么样的演讲者, 故选B。
5. 【解析】选D。结合下文内容都在说演讲的内容要简短, 以及观众喜欢的演讲的样子, 可推知本段的主题应为演讲简短收到的效果更好, 故选D。
【难句剖析】
S, dn’t stp speaking when yu make a mistake unless it’s truly serius ne.
分析: 本句是带有两个状语从句的复合句, unless引导的是条件状语从句; when yu. . . 是一个时间状语从句。
翻译: 所以, 当你犯错误时不要停止演讲, 除非错误非常严重。
话题词汇
puzzle, math-related, develpment, spatial, cgnitin, educatin, assess, perfrm, ability, study, cmplex, active
短语句式
interact with, play with, 状语从句的省略等
熟词新义
puzzle n. 拼版玩具
相关学案
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