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山东专用2021高考英语一轮复习课时作业22必修5TheUnitedKingdom含解析20201209215
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Any freigner wh has tried t learn Chinese can tell hw hard it is t master the tnes required t speak and understand. And anyne wh has tried t learn t play the vilin r ther instruments can reprt similar challenges.
Nw researchers have fund that peple with musical training have an easier time learning Chinese. Writing in the nline editin f Nature Neurscience, researchers frm Nrthwestern University say that bth skills draw n the same parts f the brain that help peple discver changes in pitch (音调).
One f the study's authrs, Nina Kraus, said the findings suggested that studying music “actually tunes ur sensry system”. This means that schls that want children t d well in languages shuld hesitate befre cutting music prgrams, Dr Kraus said. She said music training might als help children with language prblems.
Mandarin (普通话) speakers have been shwn t have a mre cmplex encding (编码) f pitch patterns in their brains than English speakers d. This is because in Mandarin and ther Asian languages, pitch plays a central rle. A singlesyllable wrd can have several meanings depending n hw it is intned.
Fr this study, the researchers lked at 20 nnChinese speaking vlunteers, half with n musical backgrund and half wh have studied an instrument fr at least six years.
As they were shwn a mvie, the vlunteers als heard an audi tape f the Mandarin wrd “mi” in three f its meanings: squint, bewilder and rice. The researchers recrded activities in their brain stems t see hw well they were prcessing the sunds. Thse with a music backgrund shwed much mre brain activities in respnse t the Chinese sunds.
The lead authr f the study, Patrick C.M.Wng, said it might wrk bth ways. It appears that native speakers f tnal languages may d better at learning instruments.
本文是一篇说明文。任何一个学过汉语的外国人都知道掌握说话和理解所需要的声调有多难。目前有研究人员发现,受过音乐训练的人学习语言更容易。
1.When learning Chinese, a freigner will find ________.
A.he has a difficult time learning music at the same time
B.he has an easier time learning music at the same time
C.it is hard t master the tnes required t speak and understand
D.it is easy t use the brain t help him discver changes in pitch
答案:C
解析:细节理解题。根据第一段中Any freigner wh has tried t learn Chinese can tell hw hard it is t master the tnes required t speak and understand.可知,任何一个学过汉语的外国人都知道掌握说话和理解所需要的声调有多难。故选C项。
2.Why des Chinese learning have smething t d with music training?
A.Because there is the same difficulty in learning Chinese and music.
B.Because skills t learn the tw make use f the same parts f the brain.
C.Because music training might help peple with language study.
D.Because peple wh d well in Chinese study d well in music.
答案:B
解析:细节理解题。根据第二段中researchers frm Nrthwestern University say that bth skills draw n the same parts f the brain that help peple discver changes in pitch.可知,学习汉语和音乐训练用到的是都是大脑相同的部位。这些部位有助于帮助人们发现音调中的变化。故学习汉语和音乐训练有关系。所以为什么中文学习与音乐训练有关是因为学习两种技能需要用到大脑相同的部位。故选B项。
3.The underlined wrd “intned” in the furth paragraph can be replaced by the wrd “________”.
A.created B.spelled
C.seemed D.prnunced
答案:D
解析:词义猜测题。根据第四段中This is because in Mandarin and ther Asian languages, pitch plays a central rle. A singlesyllable wrd can have several meanings depending n hw it is intned.可知,在普通话和其他亚洲语言中,音调起着中心作用。对一个单音节词而言,当人们对这个词发出不同的音调时,那么,这个词就表达出不同的意思。在第六段中以“mi”为例,这个词不同的音调就代表着不同的意思。故画线单词表达的应是人们对一个单音节词的“发音”,故选D项。
B
L.M.Pei, the ChineseAmerican, wh was regarded as ne f the last great mdernist architects, has died at the age f 102.
Althugh he wrked mstly in the United States, Pei will always be remembered fr a Eurpean prject: His redevelpment f the Luvre Museum in Paris in the 1980s. He gave us the glass and metal pyramid in the main curtyard, alng with three smaller pyraminds and a vast subterranean (地下的) additin t the museum entrance.
Pei was the first freign architect t wrk n the Luvre in its lng histry, and initially his designs were fiercely ppsed. But in the end, the French—and everyne else—were wn ver. Winning the fifth Pritzker Architecture Prize in 1983, he was thught f as giving the 20th century “sme f its mst beautiful interir spaces and exterir ”.
After studying architecture at the Massachusetts Institute f Technlgy and Harvard, Pei set up his wn architectural practice in New Yrk in 1955.
Designing the Jhn F.Kennedy Presidential Library & Museum in 1964 established him as a name. His East Building f the Natinal Gallery f Art in Washingtn in 1978 changed peple's ideas f a museum. The site was an dd trapezid (梯形) shape. Pei's slutin was t cut it in tw. The resulting building was dramatic, light and elegant—ne f the first crwdpleasing museums f mdern art.
Thugh knwn as a mdernist, and ntable fr his frms based n arrangements f simple gemetric (几何的) shapes, he nce urged Chinese architects t lk mre t their architectural traditin rather than designing in a western style.
In persn, L.M.Pei was gdhumred, charming and unusually mdest. His wrking prcess was evlutinary, but innvatin (创新) was never an intended gal.
“Stylistic riginality is nt my purpse,” he said. “I want t find the riginality in the time, the place and the prblem.”
本文是一篇人物传记,主要介绍了贝聿铭在建筑艺术方面所取得的成就。
4.What can we learn abut the result f redevelpment f the Luvre Museum?
A.It was criticized by the French.
B.It was a success.
C.It made the Luvre Museum lk strange.
D.It changed the functin f the Luvre Museum.
答案:B
解析:细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的“But in the end, the French—and everyne else—were wn ver”可知,最终,法国人以及全世界都被(他的精妙设计)折服,所以贝聿铭对巴黎卢浮宫进行的改建是成功的。故选B。
5.What can we learn frm the underlined sentence in Paragraph 3?
A.He is a master in applying materials.
B.He is skilled in writing pems.
C.He ften cmbines petry and cnstructin.
D.He gets inspiratin frm petry in designing.
答案:A
解析:句意理解题。画线部分意为“他在使用(建筑)材料方面的才华和技艺达到了诗一般的境界”。A项意为“他在应用材料方面是一个大师”,与画线部分意思相吻合,故选A。
6.What's the crrect rder f the fllwing events?
a.Design the Jhn F.Kennedy Presidential Library & Museum.
b.Study architecture at the Massachusetts Institute f Technlgy and Harvard.
c.Design the Natinal Gallery f Art.
d.Win the fifth Pritzker Architecture Prize.
A.abcd B.bacd
C.bcad D.dacb
答案:B
解析:细节理解题。根据文章的第三至五段可知,在麻省理工学院和哈佛学习建筑发生在1955年之前,为Jhn F.Kennedy Presidential Library & Museum做设计发生在1964年,设计华盛顿国家美术馆东馆是在1978年,赢得第五届普利兹克建筑奖在1983年。故选B。
7.What can we learn abut L.M.Pei?
A.Innvatin was his first gal in design.
B.He was talented and serius.
C.He preferred western style t the east.
D.He liked simple gemetric shapes.
答案:D
解析:推理判断题。根据文章倒数第三段“Thugh knwn as a mdernist, and ntable fr his frms based n arrangements f simple gemetric (几何的) shapes, he nce urged Chinese architects t lk mre t their architectural traditin rather than designing in a western style”可知,贝聿铭设计的建筑外形都以简单的几何图形为基础,故他喜欢用简单的几何图形。故选D。
Ⅱ.完形填空
I was cycling and nticed a persn, abut a quarter f a kilmeter in frnt f me. I culd tell he was cycling a little slwer than me and __1__ t try t catch up with him. I had abut a kilmeter t g n the rad __2__ turning ff.
S I __3__ cycling faster and faster and every __4__, I was gaining n him just a little bit. After just a few minutes I was nly abut 100 yards __5__ him, s I really picked up the pace and __6__ myself. Yu wuld have __7__ I was cycling in the last sectin f the Lndn Olympic triathln.
__8__ I caught up with him and passed by him. On the inside I felt s gd. I beat him, f curse, but he didn't even knw we were __9__.
After I passed him, I __10__ that I had been s fcused n cmpeting against him that I had missed my turn. I had gne nearly six blcks past it and had t turn arund and g all the way back.
Isn't that what happens in life when we __11__ cmpeting with cwrkers, neighbrs, and friends, trying t prve that we are mre successful r mre imprtant? We spend ur time and __12__ chasing after them and we miss ut n ur wn paths t ur future.
The __13__ f unhealthy cmpetitin is that it's a neverending cycle. And there will always be smebdy ahead f yu, smene with a __14__ jb, mre mney and mre educatin, etc.
Therefre, just take what life has given yu, yur height, weight and persnality. Stay fcused and live a peaceful life. There's n __15__ in life. Run yur wn race and wish thers well!
有一次骑自行车时,我注意到前方不远处也有人在骑车。为了超过前面的人,我加快了骑车速度,之后虽然赶上了他,却错过了自己的转弯处。人生也是如此,不要总是关注和同事、邻居、朋友之间的竞争,总会有人比你有更好的工作、更多的钱、接受更多的教育。走好自己的路,人生本没有“竞争”。
1.A.failed B.decided
C.agreed D.frgt
答案:B
解析:根据语境和第8空后的“I caught up with him”可知,我看到前面有一个骑自行车的人比我骑得慢,我决定追上他。
2.A.befre B.after
C.unless D.when
答案:A
解析:根据下文“我”错过转弯处要原路返回可知,此处表示在转弯之前,我还要走大约一公里。
3.A.stpped B.enjyed
C.started D.regretted
答案:C
解析:根据上文可知,我想赶上前面骑自行车的人,所以我开始越骑越快。
4.A.way B.blck
C.step D.time
答案:B
解析:根据下文第四段尾句中的“six blcks”并结合常识可知,每经过一个街区,我都接近他一点。
5.A.apart frm B.abve
C.ahead f D.behind
答案:D
解析:根据上文我渐渐接近他可知,几分钟后,我只距离他身后大约100码。
6.A.cmfrted B.prtected
C.pushed D.supprted
答案:C
解析:根据语境可知,几分钟后,我只落后他100码左右,所以我加快了速度,给自己加把劲。push neself意为“给某人加把劲”。
7.A.thught B.remembered
C.dreamt D.hped
答案:A
解析:根据上文我追赶前面骑自行车的人的内容可知,此处表示你会以为我是在伦敦奥运会铁人三项赛的最后一段比赛中骑自行车。
8.A.Apparently B.Surprisingly
C.Frtunately D.Finally
答案:D
解析:根据上文我努力加快骑车速度要赶上前面的人可知,此处表示我终于赶上并超过了他。
9.A.racing B.exercising
C.celebrating D.cycling
答案:A
解析:根据语境可知,我是暗中加快速度超过一个偶然遇到的人,所以此处表示他不知道我们在比赛。A项意为“比赛”,故A项正确。
10.A.believed B.expected
C.realized D.understd
答案:C
解析:根据语境和下文作者要原路返回可知,超过他后,我才意识到我太关注和他之间的竞赛,错过了拐弯的地方。
11.A.wrry abut B.care fr
C.depend n D.fcus n
答案:D
解析:根据第四段第一句中的“fcused n”并结合语境可知,此处表示在生活中我们也是专注于与同事、邻居和朋友之间的竞争,试图证明我们更成功或更重要。
12.A.tears B.mney
C.energy D.pain
答案:C
解析:根据该句中的“ur time and”并结合常识可知,此处表示我们花费时间和精力追赶他人,而错过了自己的未来之路。
13.A.task B.difficulty
C.prblem D.gal
答案:C
解析:根据该句中的“unhealthy cmpetitin”和空后一句可推知,不良竞争的问题在于那无穷尽的循环。
14.A.steady B.suitable
C.temprary D.better
答案:D
解析:根据该句中的“mre mney and mre educatin”可知,空处应为形容词比较级形式。此处表示总会有人在你的前面,他们有更好的工作、更多的钱、受过更多的教育等等。
15.A.mistake B.cmpetitin
C.pressure D.challenge
答案:B
解析:根据空后一句可知,参加你自己的赛跑,同时祝福别人;又结合本文的主题“竞争”可知,此处表示生活中没有竞争
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