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山东专用2021高考英语一轮复习课时作业4必修1Earthquakes含解析20201209234
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这是一份山东专用2021高考英语一轮复习课时作业4必修1Earthquakes含解析20201209234，共6页。试卷主要包含了A.nw that B，A.cntinued B，A.cnvinced B等内容，欢迎下载使用。
A
Research int hw breathing affects the brain has becme an evermre ppular field in recent years. New methdlgy (方法论) has enabled mre studies, many f which have cncentrated n the memry.
“Our study shws that we remember smells better if we breathe thrugh the nse. The prcess takes place between learning and memry recvery，” says Dr Arshamian, a researcher frm the Karlinska Institute. This is the first time smene has demnstrated this pint f view.
This phenmenn (现象) has nt previusly been available fr study since the mst cmmn labratry animals were rats and mice which cannt breathe naturally thrugh their muths. Fr Dr Arshamian's study, researchers split the participants int tw grups. Bth grups were given the same perid f time t learn a set f 12 different smells. Then, ne grup was asked t breathe thrugh nses and the ther grup thrugh muths fr ne hur. When the time was up, the tw grups were presented with the ld as well as a new set f 12 smells. And then, researchers asked them t tell if each smell was frm the ld set r the new ne. The results shwed the grup that breathed thrugh nses strengthened their memries better.
Earlier research has shwn that different parts f the brain are affected in different phases f breathing. But hw breathing is related t brain activity and then hw the brain affects ur behavir are still unknwn. Accrding t Dr Arshamian, brain measurement in this directin has been a practical impssibility fr years as electrdes (电极) had t be inserted directly int the brain. “The idea that breathing affects ur behavir is actually nt new，” adds Dr Arshamian. But n ne has managed t prve scientifically what actually ges n in the brain during breathing. Dr Arshamian's team are develping a new means f measuring brain activity withut having t insert electrdes, which will ptentially pen a new chapter in uncvering new clinical knwledge.
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了用鼻子呼吸有助于巩固记忆。
1．What did Dr Arshamian's study prbably fcus n?
A．The link between breathing and memry.
B．The imprvement n smell recgnitin.
C．The new apprach f prmting memry.
D．The prcess f learning and memry recvery.
答案：A
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的Research int hw n the memry和第二段中的Our study shws that we Dr Arshamian可知，Dr Arshamian研究的焦点很可能是“呼吸和记忆之间的联系”。
2．Why did the previus study fail t ntice the phenmenn mentined in Paragraph 2?
A．The experimental subjects were imprper.
B．Researchers' measuring methds were wrng.
C．The previus study lacked enugh participants.
D．The previus study was shrt f financial supprt.
答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的This phenmenn has nt cannt breathe naturally thrugh their muths可知，先前研究未能发现呼吸和记忆之间关系的原因在于：实验使用的鼠类不能用嘴呼吸，即鼠类不是恰当的研究对象。
3．The last paragraph implies that ________.
A．the influences f breathing n acts are a new tpic
B．breathing's effects n memry can be easily measured
C．the new apprach will bring cnvenience fr brain studies
D．brain activity during breathing is already scientifically knwn
答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的． been a practical int the brain和． a new new clinical knwledge可知，新方法不用在大脑中植入电极，将为后续的脑研究提供便利。
B
A ship that sank ff the cast f Califrnia decades ag was recently recnstructed in remarkable detail. The 3D digital mdel even included hundreds f spnges (海绵动物) that have gathered n the ship's surface in the years since it sank.
Named American Heritage, the bat—a supply ship that nce serviced il platfrms—sank in Santa Mnica Bay n May 4,1995, and fr decades its precise lcatin (位置) was unknwn. Researchers with the Mnterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (MBARI) sptted a strange shape in that area in 2008. But it wasn't until May 2018 that MBARI scientists identified its precise lcatin and mapped the site in greater detail, shwing what appeared t be a shipwreck (失事船只). It measured 197 feet lng and rested nearly 2,300 feet belw the surface.
Even then, the identity f the shipwreck was uncertain. Yet anther MBARI team revisited the lcatin t d further explratin. They sent remtely perated vehicles (ROVs) and tk phts f the damaged ship. Thugh it was cvered with deepsea spnges and ther animals, the scientists were able t spt letters spelling ut its name, cnfirming that the shipwreck was American Heritage.
As ne f the MBARI scientists wh fund American Heritage, chief ROV pilt Knute Brekke had previusly wrked n the ship. And he was n duty with the diving cmpany American Pacific Marine—the wner f American Heritage—the night the ship began taking n water and eventually sank.
MBARI spkespersn Kim FultnBennett said t Live Science abut the discvery, “The mdel is nt cmplete, as flating rpes and pr visibility kept the pilts frm getting t clse t the wreck. Nevertheless, the 3D recnstructin is detailed enugh t shw that American Heritage is nw hme t ptentially thusands f spnges. Shipwrecks—accidental and intentinal—ften transfrm int the shelter fr diverse cmmunities f cean life.”
本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了科学家发现了一艘名为American Heritage的沉船并用3D数字模型复原了这艘船。
4．What is the main idea f the text?
A．A valuable treasure was discvered.
B．Special spnges were fund under sea.
C．3D mdel recnstructed a sunken ship.
D．A sunken ship was gtten ut f water.
答案：C
解析：主旨大意题。根据第一段以及全文内容可知，本文主要介绍了科学家发现了一艘沉船，并用3D模型复原了这艘船。
5．Which is the right rder f the fllwing events?
①Smething strange was fund in the area.
②ROVs were sent under sea t take phts.
③A ship sank in Santa Mnica Bay.
④The identity f the ship was cnfirmed.
⑤Scientists tried t lcate the shipwreck.
A．②③⑤④① B．③①⑤②④
C．⑤③①④② D．④③①②⑤
答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第二、三段事件发生的过程可知正确排序。
6．What can we learn abut Knute Brekke?
A．He was familiar with the sunken ship.
B．He was in charge f a diving cmpany.
C．He was respnsible fr the rescue wrk.
D．He was the first ne t witness the accident.
答案：A
解析：推理判断题。根据第四段的As ne f the MBARI scientists wh fund American Heritage, chief ROV pilt Knute Brekke had previusly wrked n the ship可推知，Knute Brekke对这艘船很熟悉。
7．What's Kim FultnBennett's attitude twards the 3D mdel?
A．Critical. B．Dubtful.
C．Amazed. D．Objective.
答案：D
解析：观点态度题。根据最后一段的The mdel is nt , the 3D recnstructin is detailed enugh t shw...可知，Kim FultnBennett认为该3D模型不够完整，同时又认为该3D模型的重建已足够详尽能够说明问题，故可知他对此持客观公正的态度。
Ⅱ.完形填空
There I std with tears in my eyes. I lked at a face s __1__ that I might mistake it fr my wn. I stared at her in __2__. It felt like a dream. I hugged her; she was real.
Adpted at a very yung age, I __3__ surrunded by peple I lved as family. The faces weren't like mine. __4__， they were peple that lved me. As I gt lder, the curisity t learn mre abut myself tk hld and didn't __5__. Wh was I? Where did I cme frm?
At the age f 21, I was given the chance t figure it ut thanks t my adptive parents' __6__. They accmpanied me t the adptin agency. Then it started the prcess f finding my birth mther. But the prcess was __7__ and I didn't expect there wuld be many cmplex prcedures. And the agency als had cautin t mve the prcedures t ensure bth parties' privacy especially __8__ my birth mther didn't chse t meet me.
Mnths later the agency tld me that my birth mther was fund and that she __9__ t meet me. We were excited. My parents said my birth mther made great sacrifice as she gave me away, which __10__ them t start a family; that wasn't pssible n their wn. S they wanted t thank her. I was wndering what my birth mther might be ding and what she might lk like. I created a(n) __11__ in my head.
After a lng prcess, the mment finally came—we were t __12__. S, there we were, in a rm. I fund we had much similarity: we shared a sense f humr; we __13__ ld pictures, finding bth like the “V” gesture. She aplgized fr sme prblems with my frizzy (卷曲的), crazy hair and __14__ herself. We laughed, when admitting bth were in a clse relatinship with flatirns (熨斗) because f frequently handing the wildness f ur hair.
She said she had made a(n) __15__ decisin, when watching me leave with nly the hpe that anther family culd prvide what she culdn't. She said she hesitated fr lng but knew she was right. I knew she lved me very much.
本文是一篇记叙文。作者从小生活在领养家庭，长大后终于与生母见面；作者对领养自己的父母和自己的生母都表达了感激之情。
1．A.familiar B．ugly
C．ld D．unclear
答案：A
解析：根据I might mistake it fr my wn.可知，作者看见的这张脸与自己的很相似，作者觉得很熟悉。
2．A.srrw B．anger
C．disbelief D．panic
答案：C
解析：根据下文It felt like a dream. I hugged her; she was real.可知，作者最终和母亲相见，觉得这一切像梦一样，不敢相信自己的眼睛。
3．A.std up B．came arund
C．warmed up D．grew up
答案：D
解析：根据上文Adpted at a very yung age...和下文As I gt lder...可知，作者在领养家庭长大。
4．A.Meanwhile B．Hwever
C．Therefre D．Instead
答案：B
解析：The faces weren't like mine.与they were peple that lved me.在语境上是转折关系。
5．A.stp B．help
C．increase D．arrive
答案：A
解析：根据下文对作者设法联系自己生母的描述可知，作者长大后对自己身世的好奇心没有停止。
6．A.supprt B．appreciatin
C．request D．frgiveness
答案：A
解析：根据下文They accmpanied me t the adptin agency.可知，在养父母的支持下，作者开始寻找生母。
7．A.imprtant B．discuraging
C．different D．abstract
答案：B
解析：根据下文and I didn't expect there wuld be s many cmplex prcedures.可知，寻找生母的过程令人沮丧。
8．A.nw that B．in case
C．even thugh D．nly if
答案：B
解析：根据And the agency als had cautin t mve the prcedures t ensure bth parties' privacy especially...可知，领养中介为确保双方的隐私尤其是以防作者的生母万一不想和她见面。
9．A.cntinued B．managed
C．agreed D．happened
答案：C
解析：根据下文We were excited.可知，作者的亲生母亲同意与她交流。
10．A.cnvinced B．warned
C．demanded D．allwed
答案：D
解析：根据My parents said my birth mther made great start a family; that wasn't pssible n their wn.可知，作者的生母把自己的孩子送出去，使得她的养父母能够有一个家。
11．A.schedule B．picture
C．dream D．errr
答案：B
解析：根据上文I was wndering might lk like.可知，作者很好奇自己的母亲在干什么以及她的长相，因此在自己的脑海里勾勒出了母亲的形象。
12．A.recver B．negtiate
C．reunite D．rest
答案：C
解析：根据下文S, there we were, in a rm.可知，作者和生母终于团聚了。
13．A.bught B．lst
C．shared D．changed
答案：C
解析：根据finding bth like the “V” gesture可知，作者和生母分享了老照片，发现了她们都喜欢“V”手势。
14．A.taught B．blamed
C．dressed D．treated
答案：B
解析：根据上文She aplgized fr sme prblems with my frizzy (卷曲的), crazy hair...可知，作者的生母责备自己把头发的特点遗传给了她。
15．A.necessary B．quick
C．impssible D．difficult
答案：D
解析：根据when watching me leave with nly the hpe that anther family culd prvide what she culdn't可知，作者的生母做出了让别人领养自己孩子的艰难决定。
A
Research int hw breathing affects the brain has becme an evermre ppular field in recent years. New methdlgy (方法论) has enabled mre studies, many f which have cncentrated n the memry.
“Our study shws that we remember smells better if we breathe thrugh the nse. The prcess takes place between learning and memry recvery，” says Dr Arshamian, a researcher frm the Karlinska Institute. This is the first time smene has demnstrated this pint f view.
This phenmenn (现象) has nt previusly been available fr study since the mst cmmn labratry animals were rats and mice which cannt breathe naturally thrugh their muths. Fr Dr Arshamian's study, researchers split the participants int tw grups. Bth grups were given the same perid f time t learn a set f 12 different smells. Then, ne grup was asked t breathe thrugh nses and the ther grup thrugh muths fr ne hur. When the time was up, the tw grups were presented with the ld as well as a new set f 12 smells. And then, researchers asked them t tell if each smell was frm the ld set r the new ne. The results shwed the grup that breathed thrugh nses strengthened their memries better.
Earlier research has shwn that different parts f the brain are affected in different phases f breathing. But hw breathing is related t brain activity and then hw the brain affects ur behavir are still unknwn. Accrding t Dr Arshamian, brain measurement in this directin has been a practical impssibility fr years as electrdes (电极) had t be inserted directly int the brain. “The idea that breathing affects ur behavir is actually nt new，” adds Dr Arshamian. But n ne has managed t prve scientifically what actually ges n in the brain during breathing. Dr Arshamian's team are develping a new means f measuring brain activity withut having t insert electrdes, which will ptentially pen a new chapter in uncvering new clinical knwledge.
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了用鼻子呼吸有助于巩固记忆。
1．What did Dr Arshamian's study prbably fcus n?
A．The link between breathing and memry.
B．The imprvement n smell recgnitin.
C．The new apprach f prmting memry.
D．The prcess f learning and memry recvery.
答案：A
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的Research int hw n the memry和第二段中的Our study shws that we Dr Arshamian可知，Dr Arshamian研究的焦点很可能是“呼吸和记忆之间的联系”。
2．Why did the previus study fail t ntice the phenmenn mentined in Paragraph 2?
A．The experimental subjects were imprper.
B．Researchers' measuring methds were wrng.
C．The previus study lacked enugh participants.
D．The previus study was shrt f financial supprt.
答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的This phenmenn has nt cannt breathe naturally thrugh their muths可知，先前研究未能发现呼吸和记忆之间关系的原因在于：实验使用的鼠类不能用嘴呼吸，即鼠类不是恰当的研究对象。
3．The last paragraph implies that ________.
A．the influences f breathing n acts are a new tpic
B．breathing's effects n memry can be easily measured
C．the new apprach will bring cnvenience fr brain studies
D．brain activity during breathing is already scientifically knwn
答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的． been a practical int the brain和． a new new clinical knwledge可知，新方法不用在大脑中植入电极，将为后续的脑研究提供便利。
B
A ship that sank ff the cast f Califrnia decades ag was recently recnstructed in remarkable detail. The 3D digital mdel even included hundreds f spnges (海绵动物) that have gathered n the ship's surface in the years since it sank.
Named American Heritage, the bat—a supply ship that nce serviced il platfrms—sank in Santa Mnica Bay n May 4,1995, and fr decades its precise lcatin (位置) was unknwn. Researchers with the Mnterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (MBARI) sptted a strange shape in that area in 2008. But it wasn't until May 2018 that MBARI scientists identified its precise lcatin and mapped the site in greater detail, shwing what appeared t be a shipwreck (失事船只). It measured 197 feet lng and rested nearly 2,300 feet belw the surface.
Even then, the identity f the shipwreck was uncertain. Yet anther MBARI team revisited the lcatin t d further explratin. They sent remtely perated vehicles (ROVs) and tk phts f the damaged ship. Thugh it was cvered with deepsea spnges and ther animals, the scientists were able t spt letters spelling ut its name, cnfirming that the shipwreck was American Heritage.
As ne f the MBARI scientists wh fund American Heritage, chief ROV pilt Knute Brekke had previusly wrked n the ship. And he was n duty with the diving cmpany American Pacific Marine—the wner f American Heritage—the night the ship began taking n water and eventually sank.
MBARI spkespersn Kim FultnBennett said t Live Science abut the discvery, “The mdel is nt cmplete, as flating rpes and pr visibility kept the pilts frm getting t clse t the wreck. Nevertheless, the 3D recnstructin is detailed enugh t shw that American Heritage is nw hme t ptentially thusands f spnges. Shipwrecks—accidental and intentinal—ften transfrm int the shelter fr diverse cmmunities f cean life.”
本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了科学家发现了一艘名为American Heritage的沉船并用3D数字模型复原了这艘船。
4．What is the main idea f the text?
A．A valuable treasure was discvered.
B．Special spnges were fund under sea.
C．3D mdel recnstructed a sunken ship.
D．A sunken ship was gtten ut f water.
答案：C
解析：主旨大意题。根据第一段以及全文内容可知，本文主要介绍了科学家发现了一艘沉船，并用3D模型复原了这艘船。
5．Which is the right rder f the fllwing events?
①Smething strange was fund in the area.
②ROVs were sent under sea t take phts.
③A ship sank in Santa Mnica Bay.
④The identity f the ship was cnfirmed.
⑤Scientists tried t lcate the shipwreck.
A．②③⑤④① B．③①⑤②④
C．⑤③①④② D．④③①②⑤
答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第二、三段事件发生的过程可知正确排序。
6．What can we learn abut Knute Brekke?
A．He was familiar with the sunken ship.
B．He was in charge f a diving cmpany.
C．He was respnsible fr the rescue wrk.
D．He was the first ne t witness the accident.
答案：A
解析：推理判断题。根据第四段的As ne f the MBARI scientists wh fund American Heritage, chief ROV pilt Knute Brekke had previusly wrked n the ship可推知，Knute Brekke对这艘船很熟悉。
7．What's Kim FultnBennett's attitude twards the 3D mdel?
A．Critical. B．Dubtful.
C．Amazed. D．Objective.
答案：D
解析：观点态度题。根据最后一段的The mdel is nt , the 3D recnstructin is detailed enugh t shw...可知，Kim FultnBennett认为该3D模型不够完整，同时又认为该3D模型的重建已足够详尽能够说明问题，故可知他对此持客观公正的态度。
Ⅱ.完形填空
There I std with tears in my eyes. I lked at a face s __1__ that I might mistake it fr my wn. I stared at her in __2__. It felt like a dream. I hugged her; she was real.
Adpted at a very yung age, I __3__ surrunded by peple I lved as family. The faces weren't like mine. __4__， they were peple that lved me. As I gt lder, the curisity t learn mre abut myself tk hld and didn't __5__. Wh was I? Where did I cme frm?
At the age f 21, I was given the chance t figure it ut thanks t my adptive parents' __6__. They accmpanied me t the adptin agency. Then it started the prcess f finding my birth mther. But the prcess was __7__ and I didn't expect there wuld be many cmplex prcedures. And the agency als had cautin t mve the prcedures t ensure bth parties' privacy especially __8__ my birth mther didn't chse t meet me.
Mnths later the agency tld me that my birth mther was fund and that she __9__ t meet me. We were excited. My parents said my birth mther made great sacrifice as she gave me away, which __10__ them t start a family; that wasn't pssible n their wn. S they wanted t thank her. I was wndering what my birth mther might be ding and what she might lk like. I created a(n) __11__ in my head.
After a lng prcess, the mment finally came—we were t __12__. S, there we were, in a rm. I fund we had much similarity: we shared a sense f humr; we __13__ ld pictures, finding bth like the “V” gesture. She aplgized fr sme prblems with my frizzy (卷曲的), crazy hair and __14__ herself. We laughed, when admitting bth were in a clse relatinship with flatirns (熨斗) because f frequently handing the wildness f ur hair.
She said she had made a(n) __15__ decisin, when watching me leave with nly the hpe that anther family culd prvide what she culdn't. She said she hesitated fr lng but knew she was right. I knew she lved me very much.
本文是一篇记叙文。作者从小生活在领养家庭，长大后终于与生母见面；作者对领养自己的父母和自己的生母都表达了感激之情。
1．A.familiar B．ugly
C．ld D．unclear
答案：A
解析：根据I might mistake it fr my wn.可知，作者看见的这张脸与自己的很相似，作者觉得很熟悉。
2．A.srrw B．anger
C．disbelief D．panic
答案：C
解析：根据下文It felt like a dream. I hugged her; she was real.可知，作者最终和母亲相见，觉得这一切像梦一样，不敢相信自己的眼睛。
3．A.std up B．came arund
C．warmed up D．grew up
答案：D
解析：根据上文Adpted at a very yung age...和下文As I gt lder...可知，作者在领养家庭长大。
4．A.Meanwhile B．Hwever
C．Therefre D．Instead
答案：B
解析：The faces weren't like mine.与they were peple that lved me.在语境上是转折关系。
5．A.stp B．help
C．increase D．arrive
答案：A
解析：根据下文对作者设法联系自己生母的描述可知，作者长大后对自己身世的好奇心没有停止。
6．A.supprt B．appreciatin
C．request D．frgiveness
答案：A
解析：根据下文They accmpanied me t the adptin agency.可知，在养父母的支持下，作者开始寻找生母。
7．A.imprtant B．discuraging
C．different D．abstract
答案：B
解析：根据下文and I didn't expect there wuld be s many cmplex prcedures.可知，寻找生母的过程令人沮丧。
8．A.nw that B．in case
C．even thugh D．nly if
答案：B
解析：根据And the agency als had cautin t mve the prcedures t ensure bth parties' privacy especially...可知，领养中介为确保双方的隐私尤其是以防作者的生母万一不想和她见面。
9．A.cntinued B．managed
C．agreed D．happened
答案：C
解析：根据下文We were excited.可知，作者的亲生母亲同意与她交流。
10．A.cnvinced B．warned
C．demanded D．allwed
答案：D
解析：根据My parents said my birth mther made great start a family; that wasn't pssible n their wn.可知，作者的生母把自己的孩子送出去，使得她的养父母能够有一个家。
11．A.schedule B．picture
C．dream D．errr
答案：B
解析：根据上文I was wndering might lk like.可知，作者很好奇自己的母亲在干什么以及她的长相，因此在自己的脑海里勾勒出了母亲的形象。
12．A.recver B．negtiate
C．reunite D．rest
答案：C
解析：根据下文S, there we were, in a rm.可知，作者和生母终于团聚了。
13．A.bught B．lst
C．shared D．changed
答案：C
解析：根据finding bth like the “V” gesture可知，作者和生母分享了老照片，发现了她们都喜欢“V”手势。
14．A.taught B．blamed
C．dressed D．treated
答案：B
解析：根据上文She aplgized fr sme prblems with my frizzy (卷曲的), crazy hair...可知，作者的生母责备自己把头发的特点遗传给了她。
15．A.necessary B．quick
C．impssible D．difficult
答案：D
解析：根据when watching me leave with nly the hpe that anther family culd prvide what she culdn't可知，作者的生母做出了让别人领养自己孩子的艰难决定。
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