山东专用2021高考英语一轮复习课时作业1必修1Friendship含解析2020120921

这是一份山东专用2021高考英语一轮复习课时作业1必修1Friendship含解析2020120921，共6页。试卷主要包含了A.helplessly B，A.waved B，A.after B，A.accepted B等内容，欢迎下载使用。
A
The man wh invented the Wrld Wide Web 30 years ag is calling fr majr changes t make it better fr human beings. In an pen letter published n Tuesday, Berners­Lee nted that 30 years after its inventin, the web is used by half f the wrld's ppulatin.
Berners­Lee said the web had clearly created great pprtunities fr humans t prgress and had made life easier fr millins f peple. It has als given grups traditinally nt heard a new vice in sciety. Hwever, he added that the web had als prvided new ways fr cheats t cmmit crimes and given a vice t thse wh spread hate. “Against the backgrund f news stries abut hw the web is misused, it's understandable that many peple feel afraid and unsure if the web is really a frce fr gd，” he wrte.
Berners­Lee created a grup called the Wrld Wide Web Fundatin. It encurages gvernments, cmpanies and citizens t get mre invlved in shaping the web t d mre gd fr humans. His actual plan is called the “Cntract (契约) fr the Web”．
Under this cntract, gvernments are called n t take steps t make sure all citizens can cnnect t the Internet and that peple's privacy is well prtected. Businesses are asked t keep net csts lw s that many peple can use the web. In additin, cmpanies shuld respect privacy and develp technlgies that aim t put peple first.
The plan als calls n citizens t create materials fr the web and wrk with thers t make sure there is rich and high­quality infrmatin fr everyne. In additin, citizens shuld seek t build strng cmmunities that respect civil discurse (话语) and human dignity. “The path t making the Internet better is the respnsibility f everyne wh uses it，” Berners­Lee said. “Making big changes will nt be easy, but will be very well wrth it in the end，” he added.
本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。在互联网发明30年之际，互联网创始人Berners­Lee呼吁大家对互联网进行改革，使其真正造福人类。
1．What did Berners­Lee intend t d?
A．T call fr the refrm f the Internet.
B．T recall the prcess f inventing the Internet.
C．T warn peple abut the danger f the Internet.
D．T crrect peple's misunderstanding abut the Internet.
答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段的The man wh invented the Wrld Wide Web 30 years ag is calling fr majr changes t make it better fr human beings.可知，Berners­Lee想号召大家对互联网进行改革。
2．Which f the fllwing are gvernments advised t d?
A．Offer citizens free access t the Internet.
B．Imprve the Internet's availability and safety.
C．Develp technlgies t imprve the Internet.
D．Educate citizens n the prtectin f their privacy.
答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第四段的． are called n t take steps t make sure all citizens can cnnect t the Internet and that peple's privacy is well prtected.可知，政府应确保所有公民都能上网，并保证他们的隐私，也就是提升网络的可用性和安全性。
3．What might be the best title f the text?
A．Planning n Imprving the Web
B．Enjying the Benefits f the Web
C．Filling the Web with Psitive Materials
D．Wrking Tgether t Make the Wrld Better
答案：A
解析：主旨大意题。综合全文内容可知，本文主要介绍了互联网创始人Berners­Lee呼吁大家对互联网进行改革，使其真正造福人类，故可知答案。
B
The tngue has lng been knwn t detect (辨别) whether smething tastes sweet, sur, salty r bitter thanks t cells that carry taste receptrs (受体)—prteins that interact with particular mlecules (分子) in fd. But nw it seems that the tngue might have mre strength than previusly thught when it cmes t determining flavr, with researchers shwing taste cells als bear smell­detecting prteins. Experts said the findings make peple questin the idea that the taste f fd and its smell are detected separately in the muth and the nse, and are nly cmbined in the brain t prduce an verall impressin f flavr.
Instead, they said, it might be that smell mlecules als tuch ff a respnse in the muth, fr example by changing a taste. Hwever, the team nted that the results d nt weaken the imprtance r rle f the nse in picking up a pleasant smell. “I am nt saying that if yu pen yur muth, yu smell，” said Dr Mehmet Hakan Ozdener, wh led the research.
But, he added, the findings pen up the pssibility f using smell t trick us int healthier eating. Fr example, adding a very lw cncentratin f a smell t fd can make us think it is sweeter than it actually is, thus reducing the need fr sugar and helping handle the large accumulatin f fat, which may lead t diseases, such as besity and diabetes. “This is a unique chance，” said Ozdener.
In the jurnal Chemical Senses, Ozdener and his clleagues reprt hw they first used mice t flag the psitin f lfactry (嗅觉) receptrs, shwing they d turn up n taste cells. The researchers then turned t human taste cells, finding they cntain prteins knwn t be imprtant in ther cells that can detect smell. The team discvered that human taste cells respnd t fragrances, even thugh the cncentratin f these things is belw the level necessary t tuch ff a taste respnse.
本文是一篇说明文。介绍了舌头不仅可以辨别味道，也可以发现气味。
4．What can we knw abut the tngue?
A．It lacks pwerful smell­detecting prteins.
B．It determines smells because f taste receptrs.
C．Its functins were nt fully understd previusly.
D．Its structure is nt as cmplex as it was thught befre.
答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段The tngue has lng been knwn t nw it seems that the tngue might have mre strength than previusly thught...可知，人们以前并未完全了解舌头的功能。
5．It can be inferred that the study results ________.
A．make it easier fr peple t find delicius fd
B．may be applied t help peple lse weight
C．may help psitin the lfactry receptrs
D．still need mre evidence t prve
答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段． up the pssibility f using smell t trick us int healthier reducing the need fr sugar and helping handle the large accumulatin f fat.可推知，这个研究结果可能会被应用于帮助人们减肥。
6．What is the text mainly abut?
A．Hw des ur tngue interact with ur nse?
B．Our tngue can recgnize varius tastes.
C．Hw can tngue cells functin?
D．Our tngue can als detect smells.
答案：D
解析：主旨大意题。根据全文内容，特别是第一段可知，本文主要讲了舌头也可以发现气味。
Ⅱ.完形填空
I understd Chinese cultures nly seen n TV and in bks but nly made little headway learning Chinese. __1__， it did nt matter. The patience, genersity and __2__ f strangers left me pleasantly surprised with Beijing.
I rarely needed Chinese. On my birthday, fr example, I was __3__ in the city. Everyne I knew was ut f twn, s I decided t __4__ a day f it myself. I went shpping. After three happy hurs, I went cnfidently up t the cunter and fr a minute, I __5__ everyne spke English.
But after __6__ my items, the wman behind the cunter spke in Chinese, and all I culd d was stare __7__. I thught she was asking cash r card, s I pulled ut sme ntes, but she __8__ her head. We std there fr a few minutes __9__ anther cashier said, “A cuple f yur purchases are part f the sale and cannt be exchanged r __10__ nce bught.”
Anther day, I went t the plice statin as I had lst my wallet in a __11__ land. During that 20­minute talk, I realized the eagerness and __12__ f peple.
Speaking in a mix f Chinese and English, the yung plice fficer did all he culd t put me __13__. He knew that as freigners we were nervus at the plice statin, s he smiled and spke. In the end, the prcedure tk a cuple f hurs and the wallet did nt __14__ anymre. I had made a friend.
There are many __15__ and unfrgettable memries f getting by withut Chinese, but perhaps withut the friends' help, Beijing may nt have been s easy t navigate.
本文为一篇记叙文。本文介绍了作者在汉语说不好的情况下也能在中国生活得很好，这都是因为周围有耐心的、慷慨的、热心的人帮助他。
1．A.Lastly B．Thus
C．Instead D．Hwever
答案：D
解析：A项意为“最后”；B项意为“因此”；C项意为“相反”；D项意为“然而”。根据上文“I understd Chinese cultures nly seen n TV and in bks but nly made little headway learning Chinese.”和本句中的“it did nt matter”可知，作者只懂在电视和书本上看到的中国文化，但学习汉语却没有什么进展。然而，这没有关系，此处表示转折关系，应用hwever。
2．A.warmth B．effrts
C．sacrifice D．prmise
答案：A
解析：A项意为“温暖”；B项意为“努力”；C项意为“牺牲”；D项意为“诺言”。根据上文中的“The patience, genersity”可知，陌生人的耐心、慷慨和热情让作者对北京感到惊喜。
3．A.still B．alne
C．nly D．even
答案：B
解析：A项意为“仍然”；B项意为“独自”；C项意为“唯一，仅仅”；D项意为“甚至”。根据下文中的“Everyne I knew was ut f twn”可知，作者独自生活在城市里。
4．A.d B．need
C．make D．plan
答案：C
解析：A项意为“做”；B项意为“需要”；C项意为“使得”；D项意为“计划”。根据上文中的“Everyne I knew was ut f twn”可知，作者决定自己痛快地玩一天。make a day f it意为“痛痛快快玩一天”。
5．A.realized B．recgnized
C．assumed D．guaranteed
答案：C
解析：A项意为“意识到”；B项意为“识别”；C项意为“假设”；D项意为“保证”。根据下文中的“everyne spke English”及语境可知，作者假设每个人都说英语。
6．A.examining B．shwing up
C．assessing D．ringing up
答案：D
解析：A项意为“检查”；B项意为“出现”；C项意为“评估”；D项意为“响起，将(款项)输入现金出纳机”。根据下文语境可知，作者走到柜台处，将自己的物品扫码。
7．A.helplessly B．prly
C．quickly D．patiently
答案：A
解析：A项意为“无助地”；B项意为“贫乏地”；C项意为“迅速地”；D项意为“耐心地”。根据上文中的“the wman behind the cunter spke in Chinese”可知，作者无助地盯着她看。
8．A.waved B．shk
C．ndded D．hung
答案：B
解析：A项意为“挥动”；B项意为“摇晃”；C项意为“点头”；D项意为“悬挂”。根据上文中的“I thught she was asking cash r card, s I pulled ut sme ntes”及语境可知，作者以为柜员是在问现金还是信用卡结账，所以作者拿出些纸币，但是这个柜员摇摇头。
9．A.after B．as
C．until D．fr
答案：C
解析：A项意为“在……之后”；B项意为“正如，因为”；C项意为“直到”；D项意为“为了……”。根据本句中的“We std fr a few minutes ________ anther cashier said”可知，作者和柜员站在那里几分钟，直到另外一个柜员说话。
10．A.accepted B．canceled
C．brken D．returned
答案：D
解析：A项意为“接受”；B项意为“取消”；C项意为“打破”；D项意为“归还”。根据本句中的“cannt be exchanged r ________ nce bught”可知，第二个柜员说作者买的一些东西是减价商品，一旦买了就不退不换。
11．A.different B．same
C．freign D．new
答案：C
解析：A项意为“不同的”；B项意为“相同的”；C项意为“外国的；陌生的”；D项意为“新的”。根据语境可知，作者在一个陌生的地方丢失了钱包。
12．A.kindness B．wisdm
C．excitement D．happiness
答案：A
解析：A项意为“善良”；B项意为“智慧”；C项意为“兴奋”；D项意为“快乐”。根据语境可知，作者感受到了人们的热心与善良。
13．A.fr sure B．in place
C．in rder D．at ease
答案：D
解析：A项意为“毫无疑问”；B项意为“在适当的位置”；C项意为“秩序井然”；D项意为“放松，不拘束”。根据语境可知，警察尽力使作者放松。
14．A.return B．stay
C．change D．matter
答案：D
解析：A项意为“返回”；B项意为“停留”；C项意为“改变”；D项意为“有关系，要紧”。根据第五段中的“the wallet did nt ________ anymre. I had made a friend”可知，通过这件事，作者交了一个朋友，钱包不重要了。
15．A.interesting B．pleasant
C．amusing D．admiring
答案：B
解析：A项意为“有趣的”；B项意为“愉快的”；C项意为“好笑的”；D项意为“令人敬佩的”。根据下文中的“and unfrgettable memries”可知，在这有很多愉快和难忘的记忆。