2021高三统考外研英语一轮（经典版）学案：专题4　定语从句

专题四　定语从句1.(2019·全国卷Ⅱ，62)Now Irene Astbury works from 9 am to 5 pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield, ________  she opened with her late husband Les.答案：which　分析句子结构可知，逗号后是非限制性定语从句，the pet shop是先行词，定语从句中缺少opened的宾语，故用which引导非限制性定语从句。2．(2019·全国卷Ⅲ，64)They were well trained by their masters ________ had great experience with caring for these animals.答案：who　分析句子结构可知，所填词引导定语从句，修饰指人的先行词their masters，且在从句中作主语，故填关系代词who。3．(2019·浙江高考，58)On the edge of the jacket, there is a piece of cloth ________ gives off light in the dark. 答案：that/which　此处引导定语从句来修饰先行词a piece of cloth，而且在从句中作主语，所以用that或which来引导。4．(2019·江苏高考，21)We have entered into an age ________ dreams have the best chance of coming true.答案：when　句意：我们已经进入了一个梦想最有可能实现的时代。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导定语从句，先行词是表示时间的名词an age，在从句中作时间状语，故用关系副词when引导定语从句。5．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ，69)The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005—when the government  started a soil­testing program ________ gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers—and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.答案：that/which　设空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词program，同时在定语从句中作主语，所以用that/which。6．(2018·天津高考，2)Kate, ________ sister I shared a room with when we were at college, has gone to work in Australia.答案：whose　设空处引导非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少定语，指代Kate的姐姐。故应用whose引导该从句。7．(2018·浙江高考，57)Many westerners ________ come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap it can be to eat out.答案：who/that　设空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词westerners，指人，在从句中作主语，所以用who/that。8．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ，70)Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both,      ________  is not good for the health.答案：which　句意：很可能摄入过多(脂肪和盐)，那对健康没有好处。分析句子结构可知，“________ is not good for the health”为非限制性定语从句，补充说明主句内容，关系词在从句中作主语。故填关系代词which。9．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ，短文改错)One afternoon where I was in primary school, I was walking by the school playground. __________________________________________________________________答案：where→when　先行词one afternoon是表示时间的名词，后面的定语从句应用when引导。10．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ，短文改错)They also had a small pond which they raised fish.__________________________________________________________________答案：which前加in或which→where　此处引导定语从句，修饰表示地点的先行词pond，而此处的引导词在定语从句中作状语，所以用in which或者where。关系代词和关系副词引导的定语从句在一个主从复合句中修饰某一个名词、代词或修饰整个主句的从句叫定语从句，即作定语的句子。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引导。这些关系词的意义和功能比较如下：类别引导词句子成分指代例句关系代词who主、宾、表人Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.whom宾、表人The man who/whom you met just now is my friend.whose定所属关系，意为“……的”I once lived in a house whose roof was broken.which主、宾、表物或整个句子Football is a game which is liked by most boys.that主、宾、表人或物The number of the people that/who come to visit the city each year rises by one million.as主、宾、表人、物或整个句子As is known to all, China is a developing country.关系副词when时间状语时间The time when we got together finally came.where地点状语地点The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.why原因状语原因Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.关系代词that与which, which与as的用法区别that与which只用that的情况当先行词既有人又有物时The writer and his novel that you have just talked about are really well known.先行词前有序数词或形容词最高级修饰时；先行词本身就是序数词或形容词的最高级时①That is one of the most interesting books that are sold in the bookshop.②The first thing that we should do is to get some food.③The best that I could do was to apologize.当先行词是something, anything,    nothing, everything,  few,  all, none, little, some等不定代词时，或由every, any,  all, no,  some, little, few, much等修饰时①Is there anything that I can do for you?②We should do all that is useful to the people.③There seems to be nothing that is impossible to him in the world.④Any man that has a sense of duty won't do such a thing.⑤All the guests that were invited to her wedding were important people.当主句是以who，which开头的特殊疑问句时①Who is the man that is standing in front of the crowd?②Which is the room that Mr Wang lives in?  当先行词由the last, the only, the right, the very等修饰时①This is the very book that I'm looking for.②Cucumber is the only vegetable that I like to eat.只用which的情况“介词＋关系代词”修饰的先行词指物时The table under which the boy crawled was put up for writing.引导非限制性定语从句，指物或前面整个句子时He invited us to dinner, which was very kind of him.先行词本身是that时What's that which flashed in the sky just now？续表which与as在限制性定语从句中，当先行词前有such, the same或so修饰时，关系代词要用as①I bought the same book as you have.②I'll give you such things as you may need.③She is so nice a girl as we all like.在非限制性定语从句中，which引导的从句一般在主句之后，而as引导的从句，可在主句前、主句后，也可插在主句中①He succeeded in the competition,  which made his parents very happy.②As can be seen, oceans cover more than 70% of the earth.③Einstein, as we know(＝as is well known), is a famous scientist.④There was an Internet café around here, as I remember.在非限制性定语从句中，which通常意为“这；这一点”；as通常表示说话人的态度、看法、解释等，意为“正如；就像”①He failed in the exam again, which was unexpected.②He failed in the exam again, as was expected.“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句中的注意事项“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句中的注意事项“介词＋关系代词”在定语从句中作时间、地点、原因状语，相当于关系副词when, where, why ①I'll never forget the day on which/when I joined the army.②The factory in which/where his father works is far away from my hometown.③I don't know the reason for which/why he was late for school.“介词＋which”指物，“介词＋whom”指人①This is the camera with which he often takes photos.②This is the pilot with whom my brother has worked for ten years.some, any, none, both, all, few, neither, most＋of＋关系代词(whom/which)，表示“所有”关系，或“整体与部分”的关系①The Greens have two daughters, both of whom are college students.②I have many books, some of which are on chemistry.介词＋whose＋名词Mr Wang, with whose help I finished the work on time, is one of the teachers I love and respect.定语从句的其他事项先行词是way时的定语从句way作先行词，表示“方式”，且在定语从句中作状语时，后面的定语从句用that或in which引导，也可以省略；表示“方式、方法”，且在定语从句中作主语或宾语时，后面的定语从句用that或which引导，作宾语时，引导词也可省略①The way (that/in which) he spoke to us was suspicious.②This is the way (that/which) he used to deal with the pollution.“介词＋关系代词”定语从句中介词的确定根据与定语从句中动词的搭配来确定介词Water is the natural medium in which fish live.对于那些由动词与介词构成的短语动词，通常不宜将它们拆开使用，此时应注意介词的位置应放在动词后The boy (whom)  my sister is looking after is getting better.根据与定语从句中形容词的搭配来确定介词Physics is the subject in our school in which every  student is interested.根据与先行词的搭配来确定介词I will offer you a better way in which you can do the job.根据句意来确定介词的使用This is the book from which I got the story.定语从句中的主谓一致定语从句中，关系代词在从句中作主语时，其后谓语动词的人称和数要与先行词保持一致Here's a letter from Mr Brown, who wants to come to Paris.在“one of＋复数名词”结构中，后接定语从句时，谓语动词通常用复数形式，但在“the only one of＋复数名词”结构中，定语从句谓语动词用单数形式He is the only  one of the students who is often late.Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．(2020·河南省南阳市第一中学高三上学期第三次月考)________ is known to all, smoking is harmful for health.答案：As　本句是一个由as引导的非限制性定语从句，as指代后面的主句。2．(2019·广东省深圳市南山区高三摸底)I had to stay and fight this rule again for girls     ________   want to play football.答案：who/that　句意：我不得不再次留下来为那些想踢足球的女孩们反抗这个规定。先行词是girls，定语从句中缺少主语，故填who或that。3．We are living in an age ________ QR codes (二维码) are becoming more and more popular in our daily life.答案：when　句意：我们生活在一个日常生活中二维码越来越受欢迎的时代。when引导定语从句，在从句中作时间状语。4．(2019·广西桂林市十八中高三月考)Just as I was in the middle of my descent (下降), a gentleman entered the main entrance     ________  was right in front of the staircase.答案：which/that　句意：当我正在下楼梯的时候，一位男士走进了正门，而正门就在楼梯前面。设空处引导定语从句，修饰前面的先行词entrance，虽然entrance表示“入口处”，有地点的意味，但是从句中缺少主语，故填which/that。5．They worked for two hours to rescue the man ________ was injured in the accident.答案：who/that　句意：他们工作两个小时，挽救事故中受伤的那个人。who/that引导定语从句，在从句中作主语，修饰先行词the man。6．Please go through the text and underline the words ________ meanings you don't know.答案：whose　句意：请通读全文，划出你不知道意思的那些单词。whose引导定语从句，在从句中作定语。7．Lichun is a Chinese word for one of the 24 solar terms, ________ means the beginning of spring.答案：which　句意：立春是中国二十四节气中的一个节气，意味着春天的开始。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语，所以用which。8．(2019·吉林省长春市实验中学学期初考试)We are talking about one of the most interesting devices      ________   allow people to deal with lots of aspects of their lives.答案：that　先行词devices前面有最高级the most interesting修饰，同时后面的句子缺少主语，应用that引导定语从句。9．Two blocks beyond the school is a field ________ we often played football during childhood.答案：where　句意：我们学校两个街区之外是一个运动场，我们孩提时代常常去那儿踢球。where引导定语从句，在从句中作地点状语。10．Chongyang Festival, ________ is also known as the Double Ninth Festival, falls on the ninth day of the ninth month of the Chinese lunar calendar.答案：which　句意：重阳节，也叫双九节，是在中国农历的9月9日。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语，所以用which。Ⅱ.单句改错1．(2019·中央民大附中月考)Which is often the case, however, there are others who find the theory less convincing.__________________________________________________________________答案：Which→As　句意：然而，情况往往是这样的，有些人发现这个理论说服力不强。as is often the case “情况往往是这样”，此处as引导非限制性定语从句，位于句首，故把Which改为As。2．In their spare time, they are interested in planting vegetables in their garden, that is on the rooftop of their house.__________________________________________________________________答案：that→which　先行词为garden，且在从句中作主语，that不能引导非限制性定语从句，故需将that改成which。3．The dishes what I cooked were Mom's favorite.__________________________________________________________________答案：what→which/that或去掉what　关系代词在从句中作宾语，指物，用关系代词that/which；也可省略， what不用来引导定语从句。4．I didn't become a serious climber until the fifth grade, which I went up to rescue a kite that was stuck in the branches of a tree.__________________________________________________________________答案：which→when　本句中，逗号后是一个非限制性定语从句，补充说明和修饰先行词the fifth grade，关系词在从句中作状语，表时间，故改which为when。5．Please send us all the information which you have about the candidate for the position.__________________________________________________________________答案：which→that　先行词为information，在定语从句中充当have的宾语，先行词被all修饰，故关系词只能用that，不用which。