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    2021高三统考外研英语一轮(经典版)学案:专题13 构词法

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    2021高三统考外研英语一轮(经典版)学案:专题13 构词法

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    专题十三 构词法1.(2019·全国卷62)It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been ________ (poor) studied.答案:poorly 修饰谓语动词has been studied应用形容词poor的副词形式poorly2(2018·全国卷68)To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercises to ________ (strength) your leg muscles (肌肉), avoid hills and get good running shoes.答案:strengthen 在不定式符号to后面用动词原形。3(2018·浙江高考,62)The obvious one is money; eating out once or twice a week may be ________ (afford) but doing this most days adds up.答案:affordable be动词后接形容词作表语。affordable 付得起的4(2018·全国卷43)And, even if I weren't ________ (excite) enough about free credits, news about our instructor was appealing enough to me.答案:excited be动词后面应用形容词,此处修饰人,故填excited5(2018·全国卷55)________ (fortunate), after a brief stay in hospital, Ben was well enough to be allowed to leave and later the family met up for dinner.答案:Fortunately 副词作状语修饰整个句子,故用Fortunately6(2018·全国卷59)I still can't believe what a ________ (coincident) it was.答案:coincidence 此处不定冠词a后面应接名词,故填coincidence7(2018·全国卷48)In her ________ (excited), she didn't seem to realize that she was sharing the baby's photos with a complete stranger.答案:excitement 介词In后应接名词,故填excitement8(2017·全国卷69)However, be  ________      (care) not to go to extremes.答案:careful 名词加后缀­ful变成形容词,作表语或定语。此句用于be careful (not) to do sth.结构。9(2017·全国卷70)It is  ________    (certain) fun but the lifestyle is a little unreal.答案:certainly 此处应用副词修饰形容词fun, certain加后缀­ly构成其副词形式。10(2017·江苏高考,29,改编)Only five years after Steve Jobs' death, smart­phones defeated ________ (convention) PCs in sales.答案:conventional 此处应用形容词修饰名词PCs。名词加后缀­al变成形容词,故填conventional常用的英语构词法名词加后缀构成形容词常见形容词后缀例词­lycostly 昂贵的  friendly 友好的     fatherly 父亲般的lovely 可爱的  brotherly 兄弟般的  orderly 有条理的;整齐的manly 男子气概的  monthly 每月的  yearly 每年的­fulcareful 小心谨慎的    hopeful 有希望的    useful 有用的     graceful 优雅的­ticathletic 运动的energetic 充满活力的;精力充沛的;积极的enthusiastic 热情的;热心的   optimistic 乐观(主义)­able favourable 有利的      fashionable 时髦的;流行的changeable 可改变的 comfortable 舒服的;安逸的;舒服自在的reasonable 合情理的;讲道理的;公道的    valuable 贵重的;有价值的­ible accessible 可接近的;可进入的;可使用的       horrible 可怕的;恐怖的sensible 明智的responsible 有责任的;负责的   续表常见形容词后缀例词­ydusty 积满灰尘的     greedy 贪吃的;贪婪的;贪心的guilty 犯罪的;有罪的;内疚的  handy 方便的;有用的messy 凌乱的;脏的  wealthy 富裕的­al agricultural 农业的;农艺的classical 古典的;古典文艺的logical 逻辑的;合情理的    magical 巫术的;魔术的;有魔力的personal 私人的;个人的;亲自的     cultural 文化的­ous ambitious 有雄心的;有野心的            nervous 神经紧张的courageous 勇敢的;有胆量的 dangerous 危险的humorous 幽默的;诙谐的    religious 宗教上的;信奉宗教的;虔诚的  ­iveactive 积极的;活跃的               alternative 供选择的;替代的effective 有效的      expensive 昂贵的sensitive 敏感的;易受伤害的;灵敏的­less breathless 喘不过气来的;屏息的           careless 粗心的;漫不经心的endless 无穷的;无止境的      homeless 无家的;无家可归的hopeless 没有希望的;绝望的selfless无私的;忘我的­ualspiritual 精神的                   actual 实际的;真正的factual 事实的  sexual 性的;性别的动词加后缀构成形容词­ingamazing 令人吃惊的     astonishing 令人感到惊讶的     convincing 令人信服的exciting 令人激动的  encouraging 鼓舞人心的  fascinating 迷人的;吸引人的­edinterested 感兴趣的       complicated 复杂的;难懂的     distinguished 著名的determined 坚定的    disabled 伤残的  educated 受过教育的;有教养的  ­ouscontinuous 持续的;连续的   various 各种各样的            poisonous 有毒的动词加后缀构成名词常见名词后缀例词­sionconclusion 结论;结束      discussion 讨论          expression 词语;表达;表情permission 许可;允许  impression 印象;感想     possession (尤作复数)所有;财产­ingopening (出入的)通路;开口;开端  surrounding (pl.) 周围的事物;环境  reading 阅读;读物hearing 听力;听觉  bowling 保龄球 shopping 购物;采购­mentsettlement 定居;解决      achievement 成就;功绩       adjustment 调整;调节amusement 消遣;娱乐(活动)  appointment 约会;任命 argument争论;争辩;争吵 ­tion addition 加;增加;加法      affection 喜爱;爱;感情        application 应用;用途;申请association 社团;联系;联想  attraction 有吸引力的事物;吸引  celebration 庆祝;庆贺 ­ation adaptation 适应();改编本    consideration 考虑;体谅     combination 结合;组合expectation 预料;期待;期望   imagination 想象();创造力;幻想物续表常见名词后缀例词­ance acquaintance 相识;了解;熟人    appearance 外观;外貌;出现     assistance 协助;援助endurance 忍耐力  performance 表演;表现 insurance 保险­er announcer 广播员;播音员;节目主持人    designer 设计师      diver潜水员invader 侵略者     writer 作家     employer 雇主        worker 工人­or competitor 竞争者          editor 编辑          educator 教育工作者;教育家operator (电脑)操作员;接线员sailor 水手;海员;船员survivor 幸存者;生还者;残存物­ure/ture departure 出发,离开       enclosure 围地, 围场       failure 失败pressure 压力;挤压;压迫()  mixture 混合物  pleasure 高兴,乐趣­ence competence 能力;胜利;本领    existence 生存;存在     preference 喜爱;偏爱­ity prosperity 繁荣;昌盛        equality 均等;平等­alarrival 到来;到达;到达者     survival 幸存;幸存者      approval赞成;认可­th growth 成长,生长        warmth 温暖名词加后缀构成相应意义的抽象名词­hood childhood 儿童时代;童年             boyhood少年时代neighbourhood 街区;四邻  brotherhood 手足情意;兄弟关系­ship championship  冠军称号              citizenship 公民身份;公民权利 friendship友谊;友情 relationship 关系;血缘关系;交往scholarship奖学金;学问;学术研究  leadership 领导地位;领导权形容词加后缀构成副词­ly actually 实际上;事实上     entirely 完全地;全然地;整个地    exactly 确实如此;恰好;确切地frequently 常常;频繁地 gradually 逐渐地;逐步地   personally 就个人而言;亲自地selflessly 无私地;忘我地sincerely真诚地;真挚地   unfortunately不幸地形容词加后缀构成名词­nessbrightness 明亮;亮度;聪颖      darkness 黑暗;漆黑       fitness 健康happiness 幸福;快乐   illness 疾病     kindness 仁慈;好意sadness 悲哀;悲伤  seasickness 晕船sickness 疾病;恶心形容词加后缀构成动词()­en blacken 使变黑          brighten 使更明亮;使更有希望    ripen 使成熟;成熟shorten 缩短;使变短  deepen 使……加深;变深  sharpen 使变得锋利weaken (对某事的决心)动摇;减弱;(使)变弱  harden 变硬;硬化  widen 拓宽­izemodernize 使现代化        realize 实现      ­ifysimplify 简化           diversify 使……多样化形容词加前缀构成动词()en­前缀,表示使得……,使成为……”enlarge 扩大       enable 使能够      enrich 使富裕;充实;改善常见的表示特定含义的前缀re­(重复,再) rearrange 重新整理       reappear 再现         rebuild 重建reconfirm 再证实  recount 重新计算      recover 重新获得anti­(反,抗拒)anti­war 反战的       anti­pollution 防止环境污染的    anti­social 反社会的bi­(二,双)bilingual 双语的         bilateral 双边的ex­(以前的)ex­president 前总统        ex­husband 前夫      ex­serviceman 退役军人表示的名词后缀­ist archaeologist 考古学家     artist 艺术家          chemist 药剂师;化学家cyclist 骑自行车的人      dentist 牙科医生  journalist 记者;新闻工作者novelist 小说家  pianist 钢琴家;钢琴演奏者scientist 科学家tourist 旅行者;观光者  typist 打字员      violinist 小提琴演奏者­an/­ianAmerican 美国人         Australian 澳大利亚人       European 欧洲人Russian 俄国人  Asian 亚洲人   musician 音乐家politician 政治家librarian 图书管理员  historian 历史学家常用的否定前缀un­(不,非)+形容词unable 不能的;不会的             unbearable 难以忍受的;不能容忍的uncertain 不确切的;无把握的  uncomfortable 不舒服的;不舒适的unfair不公正的;不公平的  unusual 不同寻常的;独特的dis­dislike 不喜欢        disagree 不同意       disbelief 不信;怀疑disorder 失调;紊乱  disappearance 消失  disagreement 分歧;不一致il­im­in­ ir­illegal 违法的        illiterate 不通顺的;文盲      immoral 不道德的impossible 不可能的    inaccurate 不准确的  incorrect 不正确的irregular 不规则的      irresistible 不可抵抗的non­否定前缀non­stop 中途不停的;直达的          non­violent 非暴力的non­smoker 不吸烟的人      non­profit 非营利的.单句语法填空1(2020·南昌市重点中学高三年级段考试题)________ (consequent), power walking, in addition to a healthy diet, helps manage your weight.答案:Consequently 分析句子成分可知,设空处放在句首,修饰整个句子,作状语,应用其副词形式。2Speech is the fastest method of ________ (communicate) between people.答案:communication 介词of之后要用名词形式communication作宾语。3(2019·四川省成都外国语学校学期初考试)A new habit is not about performance; it's about ________ (consistent) taking action.答案:consistently 修饰后面的动词短语taking action,使用副词作状语,故填consistently4Chinese scientists ________ (recent) had a chance to study a wild female panda with a newborn baby.答案:recently 修饰谓语动词应用副词形式。形容词recent­ly构成副词。5The college years are supposed to be a time for important ________ (grow)  in autonomy (自主性) and the development of adult identity.答案:growth 前面有形容词important修饰,此处应填名词growth和后面的development构成并列关系。6She went through a period of emotional ________ (adjust) after her marriage broke up.答案:adjustment 空格前有形容词emotional修饰,故应填名词。7As a volunteer of environmental protection, I am writing to raise your ________ (aware) of protecting the environment.答案:awareness 在形容词性物主代词your后面,用名词形式。句意:作为环保志愿者,我书面倡议大家提高环保意识。8(2019·四川省眉山一中办学共同体月考)Travelers can see these  ________     (amaze) natural structures from the air or underwater.答案:amazing 应用形容词修饰后面的natural structures,作定语,指令人惊叹的自然风景。amazing 令人惊叹的9(2019·山东省烟台一中高三质量检测)It's a chance for you to learn more about traditional Chinese culture. I am sure it will ________ (broad) your horizons.答案:broaden 句意:这是一个让你更多地学习中国传统文化的机会。我确信它会扩大你的视野。根据空格前面的will可知,后面应该使用动词,而broad是一个形容词,故填broaden10(2019·深圳耀华实验学校高三第一次月考)Life is just a blank cloth—you can paint a beautiful scene, or you can paint black ghosts () and  ________(danger) people.答案:dangerous 修饰后面的名词people,使用形容词作定语,指危险的人们,故填dangerous.单句改错1In the laboratory, chimps don't naturally share food either. Human children, on the other hand are extremely cooperate.__________________________________________________________________答案:cooperatecooperative 此处用形容词作表语。由派生构词法可知,v.­ive构成形容词。2The fruits are small in size, but juicy and taste.__________________________________________________________________答案:tastetasty 形容词small, juicy和句子最后一个词为并列表语,故句末的词应改为其形容词形式。由派生构词法可知,v.­y构成形容词。3Let's make joint efforts to create a green and harmony environment. Your cooperation would be much appreciated.__________________________________________________________________答案:harmonyharmonious 修饰后面的名词environment,用形容词形式。4Now let's express our thanks to James for his great contribute to the success of the project.__________________________________________________________________答案:contributecontribution 在形容词性物主代词his后面,用名词形式。5Although he could understand few words, he was still amazing to see the colorful costumes and the unique way of performing.__________________________________________________________________答案:amazingamazed 说明人的感受,用amazed

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