2021高三统考外研英语一轮（经典版）学案：专题3　名词性从句

专题三　名词性从句1.(2019·全国卷Ⅰ，61)While they are rare north of 88°， there is evidence ________ they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada. 答案：that　分析句子结构可知，所填词引导同位语从句，解释说明evidence的具体内容，从句中不缺少成分且意义完整，故用that引导。2．(2019·江苏高考，25)Scientists have obtained more evidence ________ plastic is finding its way into the human body.答案：that　句意：科学家已经获得了更多的证据，证明塑料正在进入人体。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导同位语从句，解释说明evidence的具体内容，从句中不缺成分，故用that引导。3．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ，61)I'm not sure ________ is more frightened, me or the female gorilla (大猩猩) that suddenly appears out of nowhere.答案：who　分析句子结构可知，宾语从句中缺少句子的主语，由下文“me or the female gorilla (大猩猩)”可知，作者不确定自己和大猩猩谁更害怕，故填who。4．(2018·北京高考，11)Without his support, we wouldn't be ________ we are now.答案：where　句意：如果没有他的支持，我们不可能有今天的地位。结合句意可知，应用where引导该表语从句，表示抽象概念。5．(2018·北京高考，15)This is ________ my father has taught me—to always face difficulties and hope for the best.答案：what　这是一个表语从句，从句中动词teach缺少直接宾语，应用what引导。6．(2018·江苏高考，21)By boat is the only way to get here, which is ________ we arrived.答案：how　句意：乘船是到这儿来的唯一方式，我们就是坐船来的。how引导表语从句，在从句中作方式状语。7．(2017·天津高考，4)She asked me ________ I had returned the books to the library, and I admitted that I hadn't.答案：whether　句意：她问我是否已经把书还给图书馆了，我承认还没还。设空处连接宾语从句，且在句中意为“是否”，故填whether。8．(2017·北京高考，23)Every year, ________ makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival.答案：whoever　句意：每年，任何一个做出最漂亮的风筝的人将会在风筝节获奖。“________ makes the most beautiful kite”是主语从句，连接词在从句中作主语，意为“无论谁”，故填whoever。9．(2017·北京高考，26)Jane moved aimlessly down the tree­lined street, not knowing ________ she was heading.答案：where　句意：简漫无目的地走在树木林立的街道上，不知道将去何方。“________ she was heading”是宾语从句，由heading(朝……行进)可知，应填where。10．(2017·江苏高考，26)We choose this hotel because the price for a night here is down to $20, half of ________ it used to charge.答案：what　本句中，of后接宾语从句，连接词作charge的宾语，表示以前收取的费用，因此用what引导该宾语从句。名词性从句的句法功能相当于名词词组，在句中充当主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等。因此名词性从句又分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。连接词归类类别功能引导词从属连词只起连接作用，不充当句子成分that, whether, if连接代词起连接作用，并充当主语、宾语、表语或定语who, whom, whose, which, what, whatever, whichever, whoever连接副词起连接作用，并在从句中作状语when, where, how, why, whenever, wherever主语从句的注意事项主语从句的一般结构主语从句＋谓语动词＋其他①How the book will sell depends on its author.②That he is the best student in the class is obvious.it作形式主语的主语从句it作形式主语，真正的主语为that/whether/who ... 引导的从句①It is still a question whether she will come or not.②It became clear that Mary did make a mistake.用来表示惊奇、怀疑、惋惜、理应如此等语气时，主语从句谓语动词用(should＋)do形式It is necessary/important/natural/strange, etc.＋that从句It is necessary that one (should) obey the law.It is suggested/requested/proposed/desired, etc.＋that从句It is suggested that you (should) attend the opening ceremony.宾语从句的注意事项动词后的宾语从句主语＋及物动词＋宾语从句①I know that he is an honest boy.②Can you tell me how I can get to the zoo？feel, think, find, consider, make等，常用it作形式宾语，宾语从句后置①I find it important that we should keep calm in danger.②You may think it strange that he would live there.like,  dislike,  love,  hate,  enjoy, appreciate等不能直接跟宾语从句，必须用it作形式宾语，后接宾语从句①I like it that everyone passed the exam.②I hate it when they talk with their mouths full of food.当动词think, believe, suppose, expect等词的主语为第一人称，且谓语动词为一般现在时时，其后的宾语从句若是否定，否定词要转移到主句的谓语动词上，即“否定前移”①I don't think your answers are right.②I don't believe that man is killed by Jim, is he？介词后的宾语从句介词后可接宾语从句，但连接词whether不可换作if①He often thinks of how he can make his class lively.②She worries about whether she's really good enough.表语从句的注意事项表语从句常位于连系动词be, look, remain, seem等之后，其连接词还可以有as if/though, because等。表语从句的注意事项主语＋系动词＋表语从句①The trouble is that we are short of money.②The question is whether they will be able to help us.because引导表语从句强调原因，why引导表语从句强调结果①It's because you're careless.②That is why stone walls are used instead of fences around New England fields.the reason why从句＋be＋that从句The reason why he was absent was that he was ill.what从句＋be＋that从句What comforted the young mother was that the baby came to life.It looks/seems as if/though从句①It looks as if it is going to rain.②At that time, it seemed as if I couldn't think of the right word anyhow.主句主语是advice, demand, suggestion, order, requirement,   request, command等时，表语从句用虚拟语气，即谓语动词用“(should＋) do”形式①My advice is that you (should) quit smoking.②My suggestion is that we  (should)  start early tomorrow.③Our only request is that this (should) be settled as soon as possible.同位语从句的注意事项同位语从句是在主从复合句中，解释说明某一抽象名词内容和实质的从句。同位语从句一般由that引导，that不作句子成分，无语义，但也不可省略，也可由连接代词(如what, which, who)、连接副词(如when, where, why, how)或whether引导。 考点用法例句1同位语从句的功能解释说明抽象名词(如belief, fact, hope, idea, doubt, news, conclusion, suggestion, information等)的具体内容①The king's decision that the prisoner would be set free surprised all the people.②The order that all the soldiers should stay still was given by the general.2同位语从句在句子中的位置有时可以不紧跟在它所解释说明的名词后面，被别的词隔开He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off.Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．(2020·山西省祁县中学高三月考)We don't respect ________ we think is better than us.答案：who　空格处引导宾语从句，在从句中作主语，且主语是人，we think是插入语，不影响句子结构，故应填who。句意：我们不尊重那些我们认为比我们优秀的人。2．The news ________ our team has won the game is true.答案：that　句意：我们队赢了那场比赛的消息是真的。that引导同位语从句，在句中只起连接作用，无具体词义，用来解释说明news的具体内容。3．________ impressed the tourists most was the peaceful atmosphere and the friendly people there.答案：What　句意：给游客们印象最深的是那里和平的氛围和友好的人们。设空处引导主语从句，在从句中作主语，且表示“……的事/物”，应用What。4．We realized from this experience ________ when faced with danger, we should stay calm.答案：that　句意：我们从这次经历中认识到，面对危险需要保持镇静。that引导宾语从句，在从句中不作任何成分。5．My wallet is no longer in use. I can buy ________ I want simply with WeChat Pay.答案：whatever　句意：我不再使用钱包了。我可以用微信支付购买我所需要的任何东西。whatever引导宾语从句，在从句中作动词want的宾语。6．(2019·广东省五校高三联考)In Japan, it is recognized that the best communication is  ________  you don't speak at all.答案：when　句意：在日本，人们公认的最好的交流是你什么也不说。根据语境可知，此处填when，引导表语从句。7．Magic shows are entertaining as long as the audience does not discover ________ the tricks are done.答案：how　句意：魔术表演是有趣的，只要观众没有发现是如何变魔术的。设空处引导宾语从句，在从句中作方式状语，故用how。8．________ is willing to volunteer in the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics is welcome to join us.答案：Whoever　句意：欢迎任何愿意在2022年北京冬奥会当志愿者的人加入我们的队伍。whoever引导主语从句，在从句中作主语，相当于anyone who。9．—Could you tell me ________ the train from New York will be arriving on time?—Yes, sir. It should be arriving in 10 minutes.答案：whether/if　句意：——你能告诉我从纽约来的火车能否准点到达？——是的，先生。再过10分钟就会到达。表示“是否”用whether/if。10．Do you know why I recommend this book to you? It's ________ it can inspire you to push forward when in trouble.答案：because　句意：你知道我为什么给你推荐这本书吗？那是因为当你在困境中时它可以让你奋然前行。此处解释原因，用because引导表语从句。Ⅱ.单句改错1．My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to that I live.__________________________________________________________________答案：that→where　由句子结构可知，介词to之后为宾语从句。从句谓语是不及物动词live。故用where引导。2．The summer holiday is coming. My classmates and I are talking about how to do during the holiday.__________________________________________________________________答案：how→what　根据语境可知，“我”和同学们正在谈论假期里做什么。固定表达：what to do, how to do sth.。3．(2019·河北省衡水中学高三二调考试)There is a good news what an exhibition of ancient Chinese inventions will be held in our school next Monday.__________________________________________________________________答案：what→that　句意：有一个好消息，下周一中国古代发明展览将在我校举行。解释前面news的内容，且从句中成分完整，故用that引导同位语从句。4．That Li Bai, a great Chinese poet, was born is known to the public, but some won't accept it.__________________________________________________________________答案：That→Where　主语从句中缺少状语，表地点，因此需用where引导。5．I think that impresses me about his painting is the colours he uses.__________________________________________________________________答案：that→what　I think后的宾语从句中缺少主语，指物，故用what。