2021高三全国统考英语（话题版）一轮学案：第2编专题四定语从句

专题四　定语从句 1.(2019·全国卷Ⅱ，62)Now Irene Astbury works from 9 am to 5 pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield, ________ she opened with her late husband Les.答案：which　分析句子结构可知，逗号后是非限制性定语从句，the pet shop是先行词，定语从句中缺少opened的宾语，故用which引导非限制性定语从句。2．(2019·全国卷Ⅲ，64)They were well trained by their masters ________ had great experience with caring for these animals.答案：who　分析句子结构可知，所填词引导定语从句，修饰指人的先行词their masters，且在从句中作主语，故填关系代词who。3．(2019·浙江高考，58)On the edge of the jacket, there is a piece of cloth ________ gives off light in the dark. 答案：that/which　此处引导定语从句来修饰先行词a piece of cloth，而且在从句中作主语，所以用that或which来引导。4．(2019·江苏高考，21)We have entered into an age ________ dreams have the best chance of coming true.答案：when　句意：我们已经进入了一个梦想最有可能实现的时代。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导定语从句，先行词是表示时间的名词an age，在从句中作时间状语，故用关系副词when引导定语从句。5．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ，69)The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005—when the government  started a soil­testing program ________ gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers—and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.答案：that/which　设空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词program，同时在定语从句中作主语，所以用that/which。6．(2018·天津高考，2)Kate, ________ sister I shared a room with when we were at college, has gone to work in Australia.答案：whose　设空处引导非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少定语，指代Kate的姐姐。故应用whose引导该从句。7．(2018·浙江高考，57)Many westerners ________ come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap it can be to eat out.答案：who/that　设空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词westerners，指人，在从句中作主语，所以用who/that。8．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ，70)Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both,   ________ is not good for the health.答案：which　句意：很可能摄入过多(脂肪和盐)，那对健康没有好处。分析句子结构可知，“________ is not good for the health”为非限制性定语从句，补充说明主句内容，关系词在从句中作主语。故填关系代词which。9．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ，短文改错)One afternoon where I was in primary school, I was walking by the school playground. ________________________________________________________________答案：where→when　先行词one afternoon是表示时间的名词，后面的定语从句应用when引导。10．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ，短文改错)They also had a small pond which they raised fish.________________________________________________________________答案：which前加in或which→where　此处引导定语从句，修饰表示地点的先行词pond，而此处的引导词在定语从句中作状语，所以用in which或者where。一  关系代词和关系副词引导的定语从句在一个主从复合句中修饰某一个名词、代词或修饰整个主句的从句叫定语从句，即作定语的句子。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引导。这些关系词的意义和功能比较如下： 二　关系代词that与which, which与as的用法区别  三　“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句中的注意事项 四  定语从句的其他事项 Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．(2020·河南省南阳市第一中学高三上学期第三次月考)________ it is known to all, smoking is harmful for health.答案：As　本句是一个由as引导的非限制性定语从句，as指代后面的主句。2．(2019·广东省深圳市南山区高三摸底)I had to stay and fight this rule again for girls  ________ want to play football.答案：who/that　句意：我不得不再次留下来为那些想踢足球的女孩们反抗这个规定。先行词是girls，定语从句中缺少主语，故填who或that。3．We are living in an age ________ QR codes (二维码) are becoming more and more popular in our daily life.答案：when　句意：我们生活在一个日常生活中二维码越来越受欢迎的时代。when引导定语从句，在从句中作时间状语。4．(2019·广西桂林市十八中高三月考)Just as I was in the middle of my descent (下降), a gentleman entered the main entrance  ________ was right in front of the staircase.答案：which/that　句意：当我正在下楼梯的时候，一位男士进入通道，而通道口刚好在楼梯前。设空处引导定语从句，修饰前面的先行词entrance，虽然entrance表示“入口处”，有地点的意味，但是从句中缺少主语，故填which/that。5．They worked for two hours to rescue the man ________ was injured in the accident.答案：who　句意：他们工作两个小时，挽救事故中受伤的那个人。who引导定语从句，在从句中作主语，修饰先行词the man。6．Please go through the text and underline the words ________ meanings you don't know.答案：whose　句意：请通读全文，画出你不懂的那些词。whose引导定语从句，在从句中作定语。7．Lichun is a Chinese word for one of the 24 solar terms, ________ means the beginning of spring.答案：which　句意：立春是中国二十四节气中的一个节气，意味着春天的开始。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语，所以用which。8．(2019·吉林省长春市实验中学学期初考试)We are talking about one of the most interesting devices   ________ allow people to deal with lots of aspects of their lives.答案：that　先行词devices前面有最高级the most interesting修饰，同时后面的句子缺少主语，应用that引导定语从句。9．Two blocks beyond the school is a field ________ we often played football during childhood.答案：where　句意：我们学校两个街区之外是一个运动场，我们孩提时代常常去那儿踢球。where引导定语从句，在从句中作地点状语。10．Chongyang Festival, ________ is also known as the Double Ninth Festival, falls on the ninth day of the ninth month of the Chinese lunar calendar.答案：which　句意：重阳节，也叫双九节，是在中国农历的9月9日。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语，所以用which。Ⅱ.单句改错1．(2019·中央民大附中月考)Which is often the case, however, there are others who find the theory less convincing.________________________________________________________________答案：Which→As　句意：然而，情况往往是这样的，有些人发现这个理论说服力不强。as is often the case “情况往往是这样”，此处as引导非限制性定语从句，故把Which改为As。2．In their spare time, they are interested in planting vegetables in their garden, that is on the rooftop of their house.________________________________________________________________答案：that→which　先行词为garden，且在从句中作主语，that不能引导非限制性定语从句，故需将that改成which。3．The dishes what I cooked were Mom's favorite.________________________________________________________________答案：what→which/that或去掉what　关系代词在从句中作宾语，指物，用关系代词that/which，也可省略。4．I didn't become a serious climber until the fifth grade, which I went up to rescue a kite that was stuck in the branches of a tree.________________________________________________________________答案：which→when　本句中，逗号后是一个非限制性定语从句，补充说明和修饰先行词the fifth grade，关系词在从句中作状语，表时间，故改which为when。5．Please send us all the information which you have about the candidate for the position.________________________________________________________________答案：which→that　先行词为information，在定语从句中充当have的宾语，先行词被all修饰，故关系词只能用that，不用which。