2021高三统考外研英语一轮（经典版）学案：Book5Module1　BritishandAmericanEnglish

Book 5  Module 1　British and American English1．Tom had much difficulty in reading and writing Chinese at first, but he got to master it.汤姆起初读写汉语都很困难，但是他渐渐掌握了。2．In American English we spell it “color”， while in British English, we write it “colour”．在美式英语中，我们拼写作color，而在英式英语中，我们把它写为colour。3．From generation to generation, their English became different from what the first settlers spoke.他们的英语经过一代代人，变得和第一批移民者说的英语不同。4．The development of culture makes it easier for us to communicate with each other than before.文化的发展使我们比以前更容易进行交流。 自主排查 夯基固本 Ⅰ　　核心单词(1)obvious (adj.) 显然的；显而易见的→obviously (adv.) 显然地(2)confusing (adj.) 令人困惑的；难懂的→confuse (v.) 使困惑；使迷惑不解→confused (adj.) 困惑的；不解的(3)compare (vt.) 比较；对照→comparison (n.) 比较(4)variety (n.) 种类→various (adj.) 各种各样的→vary (v.) 改变；变化(5)differ (vi.) 不同；有区别→difference (n.) 区别；差异→different (adj.) 不同的(6)settler (n.) 移民；定居者→settle (v.) 定居；解决→settlement (n.) 解决；处理(7)remark (n.) 评论；讲话→remarkable (adj.) 显著的；非凡的(8)steady (adj.) 持续的；稳定的→steadily (adv.) 不断地；持续地(9)announcement (n.) 声明；宣告→announce (v.) 声明；宣告(10)add (vt.) 加；增加→addition (n.) 增加(11)present (vt.) 陈述；提出 (n.) 礼物 (adj.) 出席的；在场的→presentation (n.) 陈述；提交(12)attempt (n.) 努力；尝试 (v.) 尝试(13)simplify (vt.) 简化→simple (adj.) 简单的→simply (adv.) 仅仅(14)combination (n.) 组合；结合→combine (vt.) 结合(15)reference (n.) 参考；查阅→refer (v.) 查阅；提到；涉及Ⅱ　　阅读单词(1)linguist (n.) 语言学家→linguistics (n.) 语言学(2)accent (n.) 口音(3)motorway (n.) 〈英〉高速公路(4)underground/subway (n.) 地铁(5)flashlight (n.) 〈美〉手电筒；火把(6)queue (vi.)〈英〉排队(等候)(7)preposition (n.) 介词(8)omit (vt.) 省略(9)satellite (n.) 卫星(10)flick (n.) 轻打；轻弹；抖动(11)switch (n.) 开关(12)structure (n.) 结构；体系(13)rapidly (adv.) 迅速地→rapid (adj.) 迅速的(14)edition (n.) (广播、电视节目的)期；版→edit (vt.) 编辑→editor (n.) 编辑(15)distinctive (adj.) 与众不同的(16)criticise (vt.) 批评(17)standard (adj.) 标准的　[单句语法填空]1.The exercise          (obvious) will improve strength and endurance. 答案：obviously2．This may be           (confuse) for the child, but that is all right.答案：confusing3．I           (compare) my answers with the teacher's and found I had made a mistake.答案：compared4．The twin brothers are alike in appearance but           (difference) greatly in character.答案：differ5．There is a great deal of          (vary) among the responses.答案：variation6．Traditional handicraft techniques are being           (steady) improved. 答案：steadily7．Mary's family were so pleased that they put an           (announce) in the local paper to thank them.答案：announcement8．He reduced his needs to the minimum by           (simple) his life.答案：simplifying9．I wrote down the name of the hotel for future           (refer)．答案：reference10．Just as for individuals, it's a           (combine) of environment, characteristics, and leadership.答案：combination1．­ence结尾的名词集锦①reference参考；查阅  ②conference会议③convenience便利  ④defence防御⑤difference不同  ⑥evidence证据；证明⑦existence存在；存在物  ⑧coincidence巧合2．­ist结尾表示职业、身份的名词集锦①linguist 语言学家  ②chemist化学家③educationist教育家  ④pianist钢琴演奏家⑤physicist 物理学家  ⑥typist打字员⑦violinist 小提琴家  ⑧artist艺术家⑨scientist科学家3．­cs结尾的科目集锦①linguistics语言学  ②genetics遗传学③mathematics数学  ④physics物理⑤politics政治1．have ... in common　　　　　　有相同的特点2．make a difference  有影响，使不相同3．get around  四处走动(旅行)4．compare ... to ...   把……比作……5．be similar to  与……相似6．have difficulty (in) doing sth.  做某事有困难7．lead to  引起；导致8．in favour of  同意；支持9．refer to ... as ...   称……为……10．thanks to  幸亏；多亏　[选词填空]have ...  in common, refer to ... as ... , be similar to, lead to,  compare ... to ..., make a difference1．Reducing speed limits should          fewer deaths on the roads.答案：lead to2．He          his father in many ways.答案：is similar to3．We don't really          much         .答案：have; in common4．He always          the house          his refuge.答案：refers to; as5．Chairman Mao          the young people          the rising sun in the morning.答案：compared; to6．It will          whether the opening ceremony becomes successful or not.答案：make a difference1．“不同，不一样”短语集锦①differ about/on对……有异议②differ from     不同于；和……不同；和……意见不一致③differ in ... 在某方面有差异④differ with sb.(on/about/over sth.) (在某方面)不同意某人的意见⑤be different from 与……不同2．“联合”短语小结①combine into ... 联合成……②combine ... with ... 把……与……结合起来③in combination with ... 与……联合起来④associate ... with ... 把……和……联合起来⑤unite ... with ... 把……和……联合起来3．refer相关短语①refer to ... as 把……称作……②refer to 参考；涉及；指的是；适用于③for reference 以供参考④in/with reference to 关于⑤without reference to 不考虑……；置……于不顾⑥make reference 参考；访问；查找；提及课文原句句式梳理仿写训练1.Americans use a flashlight, while for the British，it's a torch.(P2)美国人把手电筒称为“flashlight”，而英国人却叫它“torch”。此句中的while为并列连词，意为“而，然而”，表示前后两者的对比，连接并列句。此时要注意与however，but，yet在行文逻辑方面的不同，后者表示行文意义上的转折。There is plenty of rain in the southeast,                          (而西北部则很少下雨)． 2.This non­stop communication，the experts think，has made it easier for British people and Americans to understand each other.(P3)专家们认为，这种不间断的交流使英国人和美国人彼此理解起来更加容易。“made it easier for British people and Americans to understand each other”是“make＋宾语＋宾补”结构的一种特殊形式，其中it为形式宾语，真正的宾语为宾补后的不定式短语。当宾语较长，且宾语后有补语时，常用it作形式宾语，而把真正的宾语放到补语后面。The rain made it more difficult for us                    (按时完成工作).答案：1.while there's little in the northwest　2.to finish the work on time 直击重点 突破考点 1．compare　vt.比较(P2)(1)单句语法填空①Let's compare the translation            the original.②The poet compared the girl            the moon in the poem.答案：①with　②to(2)单句改错Comparing with many women, she was indeed fortunate. 答案：Comparing→Compared(3)单句写作①I've had some difficulties, but they were nothing             yours.我遇到了一些困难，但与你的困难比起来就不算什么了。②Our professional service will promise you a wedding             .我们的专业服务会提供给你一场无与伦比的婚礼。③The second half of the game was dull                  the first.与上半场相比，比赛的下半场有些沉闷。答案：①compared to　②beyond/without compare　③in comparison with(1)compare ... with ... 把……和……相比较compare ... to ... 把……比作……compared to/with ... 和……相比(通常作状语)compare notes 交换意见(2)beyond/without compare 无与伦比；举世无双(3)comparison n. 比较；对照；比喻in comparison with 与……相比２．present　vt.陈述；提出(观点、计划等)；赠送；展现；颁发(P8)(1)单句语法填空①          present, I am using advanced methods of production and quality management. ②On his retirement, colleagues presented him          a set of golf clubs.答案：①At　②with(2)句型转换The mayor presented him with a gold medal at an official city reception.→The mayor           a gold medal          him at an official city reception.答案：presented; to(3)单句写作①The company is still in business, at least                   .这家公司仍在运营，至少目前如此。②I haven't received any letters from her                       .直到现在我还没收到她的来信。答案：①for the present　②up to the present(1)present＝gift n. 礼物(2)present adj. 现在的；目前的(作前置定语)；出席的；在场的 (作后置定语)be present at ... 出席……at the present time＝at present 目前；现在for the present 目前；暂时up to the present 直到现在(3)present sb. with sth.＝present sth. to sb. 把某物赠送给某人３．attempt　n．& v．努力；尝试；试图(P9)(1)单句语法填空①He made an attempt          escaping from jail.②She made an attempt          (get) them on the telephone, but no one was at home.答案：①at　②to get(2)单句改错①I passed my driving test for the first attempt. ②The old man attempted to some new dishes and nodded his head. 答案：①for→at　②去掉attempted后的to(3)单句写作①Don't                  the driving test for the first time. After all, you've been learning to drive for only a couple of days.不要试图第一次就通过驾照考试。毕竟，你学开车只学了几天。②Two factories were closed                        costs.为削减费用，关闭了两家工厂。答案：①attempt to pass　②in an attempt to cut(1)attempt to do 试图做；努力做attempt sth. 尝试某事(2)make an attempt to do/at doing sth. 企图/试图/尝试做某事in an attempt to do ... 努力/企图做……at one's first attempt 某人第一次尝试１．have ...  in common 与……有共同之处(P1)(1)单句语法填空①I have to say I have nothing            common with Jane.②Britain,          common with many other industrialized countries, has experienced major changes over the last 100 years.答案：①in　②in(2)单句写作①Only those who                    can get along well.只有那些有很多共同之处的人们才能相处得融洽。②                 a lot of other countries, Japan's in an economic recession.同许多别的国家一样，日本也处在经济萧条时期。③Anyone with                is able to make the right decision when facing the situation.当面对这种情况时，任何有常识的人都会做出正确决定。答案：①have a lot in common　②In common with　③common sense(1)have a lot/much/a great deal in common (with) (与……)有很多共同之处have nothing/little in common (with) (与……)没有/很少有共同之处(2)in common 共有in common with 与……一样(3)common sense/knowledge 常识２．make a difference 有影响；使不相同(P1)(1)单句语法填空①Exercise can make          big difference to your state of health.②Does his absence make a difference          your work?答案：①a　②to(2)单句写作①It                    me whether you stay or go.你是留是走对我都没有影响。②The rain didn't                    to the game.这场雨对比赛没多大影响。答案：①makes no difference to　②make much differencemake some difference to 对……有些影响make no/little difference to 对……没有/几乎没有影响make much difference to 对……有很大影响3．lead to 引起；导致(P3)(1)单句语法填空①Such a mistake would perhaps lead          serious results.②The dog led the blind man          (go) across the road.答案：①to　②to go(2)单句写作①This information                          a house near the harbour.警察根据这个情报来到了港湾附近的一所房子。②Permit me to               ， sir.先生，请让我来带路吧。答案：①led the police to　②lead the way(1)lead sb. to＋n. 领某人去某处；使某人得出(观点)lead the way 带路；引路(2)lead sb. to do sth.＝make/let sb. do sth.使得某人做某事(3)lead a ... life＝live a ... life 过着……的生活(4)lead to＝cause/result in 引起；导致1．[教材原句]A Londoner has more difficulty understanding a Scotsman from Glasgow than understanding a New Yorker. 伦敦人要听懂来自格拉斯哥的苏格兰人讲话比听懂纽约人说话更难。(P2)(1)单句语法填空I always have difficulty in           (pronounce) new words.答案：pronouncing(2)单句改错①He often helps me with maths when I have difficulty in it. ②I'm sure I'll have difficulty to doing such things but I'll gain more. 答案：①in→with　②to→in(3)单句写作①Lily used to                    her school work, but she has improved a lot recently.莉莉过去在学业上有不少困难，但是最近已大有进步。②I                          myself understood.我毫不费力地表达了自己的意思。答案：①have difficulty with　②had no difficulty (in) making(1)have difficulty/problems/trouble (in) doing sth. 做某事有困难(2)have difficulty/problems/trouble with sth. 在某事上有困难(3)have (much, some, little, no) difficulty/problems/trouble (in) doing sth.做某事有(很大，一些，没什么，没有)困难(4)There is some/no difficulty (for sb.)(in) doing sth. (对某人来说)做某事有/没有困难2.[教材原句]Many factors have influenced American pronunciation.许多因素影响了美国人的发音。(P4)(1)单句语法填空①His life          (run) smoothly up to now.②The students          (have) five English classes per week in the coming term.答案：①has run　②will have(2)单句改错①The teacher told us that the earth moved around the sun. ②Now the population of the world is increased steadily. 答案：①moved→moves　②increased→increasing(1)一般现在时(The Simple Present Tense)：表示现在经常性的动作或状态， 还可以表示客观真理、科学事实。(2)现在进行时(The Present Continuous Tense)：表示现在或现阶段正在进行的动作。(3)一般将来时(The Simple Future Tense)：①表示现在看来以后要发生的动作或存在的状态；事物的固有属性或必然趋势；用will也表示临时决定要做某事。②be＋going to＋动词原形：多用在口语中，表示“计划、打算要做某事”，此外，还可以表示根据现在的迹象，对未来进行推断。(4)现在完成时(The Present Perfect Tense)：表示动作发生在过去对现在产生的影响。常用的时间状语有already, just(刚刚), yet, never, recently等。 课文回练 升华运用 British and American English are different in many ways. The first and most obvious way is in the vocabulary. Hundreds of words，part of   1   are not so well­known, are not used or used   2   a different meaning. Grammar and prepositions are another two areas besides spelling and   3   (pronounce). American spelling seems simpler. When the Irish writer George Bernard Shaw made   4   famous remark that the British and the Americans are two nations   5   (divide) by a common language，he   6   (obvious) thought about the differences. But it is   7   (doubt) whether these differences are so important. Some experts believe British and American English   8   (move) closer because of the non­stop communication between them. On the other hand，English is being spoken with different   9   (accent). However，no matter how many “Englishes” there will be，the users of English will all be able   10   (understand) each other.1．        　2.        　3.        　4.        　5.        　6.        　7.        　8.        　9.        　10.        答案：1.which　2.with　3.pronunciation　4.the　5.divided　6.obviously　7.doubtful　8.are moving　9.accents　10.to understand