2021高三统考外研英语一轮（经典版）学案：Book4　Module6　UnexplainedMysteriesoftheNaturalWorld

Book 4　Module 6　Unexplained Mysteries of the Natural World1．Scientists claimed to_have_made_a_major_breakthrough in the fight against cancer.科学家们声称在攻克癌症方面取得了重大突破。2．There_have_been more than 100 million references to the word “monster” on social media since early September.从九月初开始，社会媒体就有一亿多次提到“怪物”这个词。3．There is a rock which_can_tell_time with the height of 348 meters, lying_in_a_desert in the middle of Australia.有一块会识别时间的高达348米的岩石位于澳大利亚中部的沙漠里。4．What_makes_people_puzzled is that its colour can alter regularly in a day.使人们困惑的是它的颜色可以在一天内有规律地改变。 自主排查 夯基固本 Ⅰ　核心单词(1)attack (vt.) 袭击；攻击 (n.) 攻击；进攻；病情发作(2)frightening (adj.) 吓人的→frighten (vt.) 使害怕→frightened (adj.) 害怕的；惊吓的；受惊的→fright (n.) 惊吓；恐怖(3)exist (vi.) 存在→existence (n.) 存在(4)sharp (adj.) 锋利的；尖的→sharpen (vt.) 使锋利；削尖(5)calm (adj.) 平静的；镇静的 (vt.) 使平静；使镇定(6)sceptical (adj.) 怀疑的；不相信的(7)unlikely (adj.) 不可能的→likely (反义词) (adj.) 可能的(8)adapt (vi.) 适应；适合→adaptation (n.) 适应；改编；改写(9)disappear (vi.) 不见；消失→appear (反义词) (vi.) 出现(10)extinct (adj.) 绝种的；消亡了的→extinction (n.) 消失；灭绝(11)destruction (n.) 毁坏→destructive (adj.) 破坏性的；毁坏的→destruct (v.) 破坏(12)reputation (n.) 名誉；名声(13)indicate (vt.) 象征；暗示→indication (n.) 指示；象征(14)identity (n.) 身份；特性→identify (vt.) 确定；辨别(15)fortune (n.) 运气；命运；财富→fortunate (adj.) 幸运的→fortunately (adv.) 幸运地Ⅱ　阅读单词(1)monster (n.) 怪物(2)footprint (n.) 足迹；脚印(3)creature (n.) 动物；生物(4)journal (n.) 杂志；学报；期刊(5)sighting (n.) (珍奇动物等的)目击；发现→sight (n.) 视力；景象(6)mysterious (adj.) 神秘的→mystery (n.) 神秘(7)surface (n.) 表面；水面(8)dive (vi.) 潜水(9)volcanic (adj.) 火山的→volcano (n.) 火山(10)cover (vt.) 占地(多大面积)；完成；覆盖 (n.) 封面；(云层的)遮盖(11)evolve (vi.) 进化；演变→evolution (n.) 进化；演变(12)fierce (adj.) 凶猛的；残暴的(13)generous (adj.) 有雅量的；大方的；心地高尚的→generously (adv.) 有雅量地；大方地；心地高尚地(14)unpredictable  (adj.) 变化莫测的→predict (vt.) 预言；预测→prediction (n.) 预言；预测(15)border  (n.) 边境；国界(16)positive (adj.) 正面的　[单句语法填空]1.A woman was ________(attack) and robbed by a gang of youths.答案：attacked2．He left ________ (footprint) behind him on the sand.答案：footprints3．He was ________ (frighten) at the thought of his huge debts.答案：frightened4．There are many ________ (mystery) stories about the Egyptian pyramids.答案：mysterious5．The ________ (creature) of the sea provide us with rich resources.答案：creatures6．A red sky at night ________ (indicate) fine weather the following day.答案：indicates7．The simple plan ________ (evolve) into a complex scheme.答案：evolved8．The earthquake happened suddenly and caused many deaths and much ________ (destruct)．答案：destruction9．Supporters have ________ (generous) given us three thousand pounds. 答案：generously10．We are ________ (fortune) in living in such a big and modern city.答案：fortunate1．前缀sur­构成的词汇集锦①surface 表面②surcharge 附加费③surmount克服，解决④surpass 超过，胜过⑤surplus多余的⑥surrealism超现实主义2．­ly结尾的形容词小结①unlikely不可能的②deadly 极端的；致命的③friendly 友好的④daily日常的⑤lively活泼的⑥lonely孤单的1．stick_out  突出；伸出2．be_unlikely_to  不可能3．be_sceptical_about   对……表示怀疑4．be_related_to  与……有关联5．adapt_to  适应6．die out  灭绝7．cut off  切断；使隔绝8．throw light on  帮助弄清楚；阐明某事9．come straight to the point  谈正题；开门见山10．due to  由于；因……造成　[选词填空]cut off, be related to,  due to, throw light on,  die out, adapt to1．The village was ________ by flooding from the outside world four weeks ago.答案：cut off2．His failure was ________ his carelessness.答案：due to3．Only those species that were able to ________ the sudden great changes of their living conditions could survive.答案：adapt to4．He suffers from memory loss that ________ his disease.答案：is related to5．Your statement does not ________ the subject.答案：throw light on6．The wild population of koalas is in danger of ________.答案：dying out1．表示“原因”的短语集锦①due to ②as a result of③because of④on account of ⑤owing to⑥thanks to2．point的短语集锦①come straight to the point 谈正题；开门见山②point to 指向……③point at 指着……④on the point 即将……的时候⑤to the point 中肯，扼要3．带light的短语知多少①throw light on 帮助弄清楚，阐明某事②bring sth. to light 揭露，披露某事 ③in the light of 考虑到…… ④light up 喜形于色，喜气洋洋课文原句句式梳理仿写训练Other members of the royal family were allowed to wear dragon symbols, too, but with fewer claws and of a different colour.(P59)皇室的其他成员可以穿带有龙图案的袍子，但龙的爪子少一些并且颜色也不同。“be＋of＋名词”结构，表示主语的类别或属性。A harmonious family ______________________ (对……是有益的) a child's personal development.答案：is of benefit to 直击重点 突破考点 1.attack　vt.袭击；攻击；(疾病)侵袭　n．攻击；进攻；病情发作(P51) (1)单句语法填空①The school has come ________ attack for failing to encourage bright pupils. ②The man even attacked the policeman ________ a knife.答案：①under　②with(2)单句改错①He was attacked by having put his signature on the deal._________________________________________________________________②You say they will launch an attack to us? Let them! _________________________________________________________________答案：①by→for　②to→against(3)单句写作①In fact, women are less likely to have high blood pressure or to die from ______________.事实上，女性患高血压或死于心脏病发作的可能性更小。②Enemy forces have ______________ on the city.敌军已对这座城市发起了进攻。③We have taken measures to safeguard out city from __________. 我们已采取措施保卫城市免遭空袭。答案：①heart attack　②made an attack　③air attack (1)attack sb. with sth.用某物攻击某人attack sb. for sth.由于某事而责难某人(2)under attack 受到攻击heart attack 心脏病发作air attack 空袭launch/make an attack on/against 对……发动进攻/抨击2.exist　vi.存在；生存；生活(P51) (1)单句语法填空①We have brought forward the ________ (exist) problem in the research. ②Few of these monkeys still exist ________ the wild.答案：①existent/existing　②in(2)单句改错①I was not aware of his exist until today._________________________________________________________________②Do you believe the existence of ghosts? Perhaps they are only exist in the mind of some people._________________________________________________________________答案：①exist→existence　②去掉are(3)单句写作①They can't ____________ the money he's earning.他们靠他挣的那点钱无法维持生活。②____________ an obvious conflict between the accounts of the witnesses, so a judgement was not announced in court.目击证人的证词存在明显的分歧，所以判决没有当庭被宣判。③Scientists have many theories about how the universe first ______________.关于宇宙的起源，科学家有多种理论。答案：①exist on　②There existed　③came into existence (1)exist on＝live on 靠……生存/生活exist in 存在于There exist(s) ... 有……(2)existence n. 存在；生存come into existence 出现；产生in existence 存在；现有；现存的；现有的(3)existent/existing adj.存在的；现有的特别提醒exist是不及物动词，不能用于被动语态和进行时。3.claim　vt.& n．声称；主张；认领；索赔(P52) (1)单句语法填空①I have never claimed ________ (be) an expert in this field.②The car driver claimed damages ________ the other driver, who had caused the accident.答案：①to be　②from(2)单句改错①You may make a claim on the firm of the damages. _________________________________________________________________②Mary made a claim in the pencil. _________________________________________________________________答案：①of→for　②in→to(3)单句写作①______________ some doctors were working 80 hours a week.据说有些医生每周工作80小时。②She ________________________ the company for the injury she had suffered.她因受伤向公司要求获得损害赔偿金。答案：①It was claimed that　②claimed damages from (1)claim to do sth./that ... 声称/主张做……It is claimed that ... 有人主张……；据说……claim sth. from ... 向……索要某物(2)make a claim for sth. 提出……的要求make a claim to sth. 认领某物；提出要得到某物4.adapt　vi. 适应；适合；改编；改写(P55) (1)单句语法填空①The world will be different, and we will have to be prepared to adapt ________ the change.②Mike, Mary and I had a discussion about the ________ (adapt) of the classic literature yesterday.答案：①to　②adaptation(2)单句改错①He made  good adaptation of his new school._________________________________________________________________②This musical play was based on a adaptation of a famous book. _________________________________________________________________答案：①of→to　②第一个a→an(3)单句写作①I had difficulty ______________ life in the city.我难以适应城市生活。②These teaching materials can ____________ older children.这些教学材料可以改编一下供大龄孩子使用。③The TV series The legend of Zhen Huan  __________________ the novel with the same name.电视剧《甄嬛传》改编自同名小说。答案：①adapting (myself) to　②be adapted for　③is adapted from (1)adapt  to 适应adapt oneself to 使自己适应……be adapted for ... 为……改编；被改编成……be adapted from 根据……改编(2)adaptation n. 适应；改编本，改写本make  good adaptation to 很适应……an adaptation of ...  ……的改写本(3)adaptable adj.能适应的特别提醒(1)adapt to＝adapt oneself to，其中to为介词，后接名词、代词、动名词以及what引导的从句等。(2)注意adapt与adopt在拼写和意思上的差别。adopt是“采纳；收养”的意思。1.die out 灭绝；消失(P56) (1)单句语法填空①When birds began to die ________， people began to criticize the use of chemical pesticides.②The fire in the forest is dying ________. 答案：①off　②down(2)单句改错①She was die for a break having worked so hard for so long a time. _________________________________________________________________②I know you're dying to hearing all about my life here. _________________________________________________________________答案：①die→dying　②hearing→hear(3)单句写作①The old traditions are __________.旧传统正在逐渐消失。②Don't worry; the gossip will soon ____________.别担心，流言蜚语不久就会平息的。③After hours of working in the hot sun, the men were ____________ a cold beer.在炎热的太阳下工作数小时后，那些人极想喝上一杯冰啤酒。答案：①dying out　②die down　③dying for (1)die of/from 死于die off 相继死去；先后死去die away (声音、风、光线或感情等)慢慢变弱；逐渐消失die down (火、风暴、疼痛等)逐渐变弱；逐渐平息(2)die for ...  为……而死be dying for sth./to do sth. 极想要某物/渴望做某事2.due to 由于；因……造成；应给予；预期做(P59) (1)单句语法填空The plane arrived one hour late due  ________  the heavy fog.答案：to(2)单句改错He is due to making a speech on the economy next week._________________________________________________________________答案：making→make(3)单句写作①Rose __________________ school in January.罗斯一月份就要开始上学了。②The car ________________ its annual service again.这辆汽车又该做年度保养了。答案：①is due to start　②is due fordue adj. 应得的；正当的；应付的；预定的be due to sb. 应付给某人；应支付给某人be due for sth. 预定做某事；应得到某物be due to do sth. 预计做某事特别提醒当due to意为“由于；因……造成；应给予”时，其中的to是介词；当due to意为“即将/预期做……”时，to为不定式符号。另外，还要注意due是形容词。1.[教材原句]He claims to have seen a round black creature moving quickly through the water.他声称看见一个黑黑的、圆圆的动物在水中快速游动。(P52) (1)单句语法填空①The police staked out the hotel where the two terrorists were reported ________ (stay). ②He claimed ________ (defeat) by his competitors.答案：①to be staying　②to have been defeated(2)单句写作①____________ ourselves from the physical and mental tensions, we each need deep thought and inner quietness.为了让我们从身体和精神的紧张中放松下来，我们每人都需要深入的思考和内心的平静。②We're having a meeting in half an hour. The decision 　　　　　　　　 will influence the future of our company.半小时后我们将开个会。会上将要作出的决定将会影响我们公司的未来。③I'm terribly sorry ______________ you through so much trouble.我非常抱歉，让你经受了这么多麻烦。答案：①To free　②to be made　③to have put不定式的三种形式动词不定式的一般式to do；to be done表示不定式的动作与谓语动作同一时间发生或发生在谓语动作之后动词不定式的进行式to be doing表示不定式的动作与谓语动作同一时间发生，并且动作正在进行动词不定式的完成式to have done；to have beendone表示不定式的动作发生在句子谓语动作之前2.[教材原句]The dinosaurs may have stopped evolving, and been unable to adapt to changes in the climate.恐龙可能已经停止进化，无法适应气候的变化。(P57) (1)单句语法填空①It ________ (rain) last night, for the ground is quite muddy.②Yesterday I ________ (come) to help you, but I was too busy.答案：①must have rained　②should have come(2)单句改错①He needn't water the flowers, but he needed to do something to kill time._________________________________________________________________②He could pass the driving test at the first attempt, but he was too nervous._________________________________________________________________答案：①water→have watered　②pass→have passed(3)单句写作①I think the window ________________________ John.我认为这窗户或许是约翰打碎的。②They ________________ so early. Look, the manager is losing his temper.他们不应该走那么早，瞧，经理正在发火。答案：①may/might have been broken by　②shouldn't have left (1)may/might have done 表示对已经发生的事情不太肯定的推测，意为“可能已经，或许已经做了某事”。might的语气比may稍弱。(2)must have done表示对已经发生过的事情较为有把握的推测，意为“肯定已经，想必已经做了某事”。(3)can/could have done 是对过去的推理，用于否定句、疑问句中，表示对发生行为的惊奇、怀疑或不肯定；could的语气较委婉，在肯定句中，一般用could，不用can。(4)should/ought to have done意为“本来应该做某事”，指本该做而实际未做的事情。(5)needn't have done指实际上做了本不必要做的事，意为“本来不必做某事”。 课文回练 升华运用 The “Monster of Lake Tianchi” in the Changbai Mountains in Jilin Province, northeast China, is back in the news after several recent __1__ (sighting). The director of a local tourist office, Meng Fanying, said the monster seemed to be black in colour.__2__ no one really got a clear look at the mysterious creature, Xue Junlin, a local photographer, claimed that __3__ (it) head looked like a horse. A third report came from Li Xiaohe, __4__ was visiting the lake with his family. He claims __5__ (see) a round black creature __6__ (move) quickly through the water. Mr Li Xiaohe said that he and his family were able to see the monster __7__ (clear) because the weather was fine and the lake was calm. There __8__ (be) reports of monsters in Lake Tianchi since the __9__ (begin) of the last century. Some photos have been taken but they are not clear because it was too far away. Many people think that there might be similar creatures in other lakes around the world. Scientists, however, are sceptical. They say that the low­temperature lake is unlikely to be able __10__ (support) such large living creatures. 1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________　5.________　6.________　7.________　8.________　9.________　10.________答案：1.sightings　2.Although　3.its　4.who　5.to have seen　6.moving　7.clearly　8.have been　9.beginning　10.to support