高中外研版 (2019)Unit 6 Disaster and hope同步达标检测题

这是一份高中外研版 (2019)Unit 6 Disaster and hope同步达标检测题，共3页。
But in Indnesia extremely dry frests are in flames. A multi-year drught(干旱) in suth-east Brazil is becming wrse. Thugh heavy rains brught abut by El Nin may relieve the drught in Califrnia, they are likely t cause surface flding and ther disasters.
The mst recent pwerful Nin, in 1997—98, killed arund 21, 000 peple and caused damage wrth $36 billin arund the glbe. But such Nins cme with mnths f warning, and s much is knwn abut hw they happen that gvernments can prepare. Accrding t the Overseas Develpment Institute (ODI), hwever, just 12% f disaster-relief funding in the past tw decades has gne n reducing risks in advance, rather than recvery and rebuilding afterwards. This is despite evidence that a dllar spent n risk-reductin saves at least tw n recnstructin.
Simple imprvements t infrastructure(基础设施) can reduce the spread f disease. Better sewers(下水道) make it less likely that heavy rain is fllwed by an utbreak f the disease f bad stmach. Strnger bridges mean villages are less likely t be left withut fd and medicine after flds. Accrding t a paper in 2011 by Mr. Hsiang and c-authrs, civil cnflict is related t El Nin’s harmful effects—and the prer the cuntry, the strnger the link. Thugh the relatinship may nt be causal, helping divided cmmunities t prepare fr disasters wuld at least reduce the risk that thse disasters are fllwed by killing and wunding peple. Since the prest are least likely t make up fr their lsses frm disasters linked t El Nin, reducing their lsses needs t be the pririty.
1. What can we learn abut El Nin in paragraph 1?
A. It is named after a Suth American fisherman.
B. It takes place almst every year all ver the wrld.
C. It frces fishermen t stp catching fish arund Christmas.
D. It sees the changes f water flw directin in the cean.
2. What may El Nins bring abut t the cuntries affected?
A. Agricultural harvests in rich cuntries fall.
B. Drughts becme mre harmful than flds.
C. Rich cuntries’ gains are greater than their lsses.
D. Pr cuntries suffer less frm drughts ecnmically.
3. The data prvided by ODl in paragraph 4 suggest that ________
A. mre investment shuld g t risk reductin
B. gvernments f pr cuntries need mre aid
C. victims f El Nin deserve mre cmpensatin
D. recvery and recnstructin shuld cme first
4. What is the authr’s purpse in writing the passage?
A. T intrduce El Nin and its rigin.
B. T explain the cnsequences f El Nin.
C. T shw ways f fighting against El Nin.
D. T urge peple t prepare fr El Nin.
【语篇导读】本文介绍了厄尔尼诺现象带来的利弊，呼吁人们在厄尔尼诺现象来临之前采取一些防范措施，以降低风险。
1. D细节理解题。根据文章第一段最后一句El Nin sees warm water ... flw back eastwards... r smetimesthe ther way rund. 可知，厄尔尼诺现象发生时会看到水流方向的异常变化，故选D项。
2. C 细节理解题。根据文章第二段第二句 Rich cuntries gain mre frm pwerful Nins, n balance, than they lse.可知，受厄尔尼诺现象的影响，总体上富有国家的收获大于损失，故选C项。
3. A 推理判断题。根据第四段第三句... just 12% f disaster-relief funding in the past tw decades has gne n reducing risks in advance...以及最后一句... a dllar spent n risk-reductin saves at least tw n recnstructin.可知，ODI 认为过去二十年里用于提前降低风险的资金只有12%，花一美元用于降低风险，可以至少省去重建所需的两美元，因而此处强调要投入更多的资金用于降低风险，故选A项。
4. D推理判断题。本文主要介绍了厄尔尼诺现象带来的利弊，并呼吁人们采取措施提前防范，以降低风险，故选D项。
【微技能】根据主旨推断作者的写作目的
解答这类题需用略读法，即重点关注文章首尾段和各段的首尾句，找到主题句，抓住文章主旨，然后根据主旨来推断作者的写作目的。议论文、应用文、说明文等文体的主题句多在文首或文尾。
通过本文最后一句Since the prest are least likely t make up fr their lsses frm disasters linked t El Nin, reducing their lsses needs t be the pririty.(既然最贫穷的国家最不可能弥补与厄尔尼诺现象有关的灾难造成的损失，就要把减少他们的损失放在首要位置)可以看出，本文正是敦促我们要提前防范可能发生的厄尔尼诺现象。