高中英语牛津译林版 (2020)必修 第一册Unit 3 Getting along with others导学案

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Of Friendship
导学案(教师版)
一．Learning Objectives:
By the end f this sectin, students will be able t:
1. identify the structure f the essay;
2. summarize Bacn’s ideas n friendship;
3. explain the imprtance f friendship.
二.Learning Cntent:
Step 1Brainstrming
Why d peple need friends?
Peple need friends because ...
Suggested answers:
cpe with stressful things in life
share ur wrries and secrets in ur inner wrld
we want t enjy the cmpany
Cnclusin: ... plays an imprtant rle in ...
... f great imprtance t
Step 2 Authr-intrducing
Francis Bacn (1561-1626)
1.A brief intrductin abut him:
He was brn in Lndn, a representative f the Renaissance in England. He was an English philspher, statesman, scientist and authr. He laid the fundatin f mdern science with his insistence n scientific way f thinking rather than authrity as a basis fr btaining knwledge.
2.His wrks can be divided int three grups:
Grup 1 His philsphical (哲学的) wrks
The advancement f Learning (1605) 《崇学论/学术的进步》
Nvum Organum (1620) 《新工具论》
Grup 2 His literary wrks
Essays《随笔》(the mst famus)
Grup 3 His law wrks
Maxims f Law 《法学原理》
The learned reading upn the statute f Uses (1642) 《法律条文的学术解读》
3.His famus sayings:
1)Knwledge is pwer.
2)Studies serve fr delight, fr rnament, and fr ability. Their chief use fr delight, is in privateness and retiring; fr rnament, is in discurse; and fr ability, is in the judgment and dispsitin f business.
读书足以怡情，足以博彩，足以长才。
其怡情也,最见于独处幽居之时；
其博彩也,最见于高谈阔论之中；
其长才也,最见于处世判事之际。
3)Reading makes a full man; cnference a ready man; and writing an exact man.
读书使人充实，讨论使人机智，笔记使人准确。 ——王佐良译
Step 3 Listening
Listen and identify the structure f the essay.
Part 1: (para.____) the ________ f friendship
Part 2: (paras. _____) three ________ f friendship
Part 3: (para.______) advice n _____________
Suggested answers:1,imprtance;2-5,“fruits”;6,making friends
Step 4 Detailed Reading
Suggested answers: 1) Cmfrt the heart 2) share 3) take n greater meanings 4) truble 5) Advise the head 6) advise 7) clearer 8) thrugh 9) achieve the gals 10) achieved 11) ideas and skills 12) after death
Step 5 Appreciating the sentences
In this essay, many sentences are rich in philsphical significance. Belw are sme f them. Hw t cmprehend and appreciate these sentences? Explain them by giving specific examples.
1. Mre ften than nt, clse friendships will smth ut the smetimes rcky rad that we are all meant t travel. (page 39, lines 5-6)
Suggested answers:
The writer cmpares “the life jurney” t “a rcky rad”, which means in ur life there can be sme challenges and difficulties ahead. If we have clse friends whm we can turn t, they can help us slve these prblems and supprt us t g frward bravely. Fr example, when we have truble in dealing with parents and dn't knw hw t cmmunicate with them, we can share ur feelings with ur clse friends and ask them fr advice.
2. Here, friendship has a duble advantage—happiness takes n a greater meaning and a truble shared becmes a truble halved! (page 39, lines 13-15)
Suggested answers:
When we are with ur clse friends, we share happiness and srrw tgether. One’s happiness will bring enjyment and jyfulness t his r her friend t. Hwever, when meeting with truble, we cmfrt, help and supprt each ther, thus handling the prblem tgether. Fr example, if we have sme challenging tasks t fulfill but dn't knw what t d, clse friends can ffer us useful advice and suggestins, which can help us cmplete ur challenging tasks successfully.
Step 6 Summarizing
Write a summary f the essay. Use the fllwing questins t help yu.（Abut 80 wrds）
What are the three “fruits” f friendship?
Why are they imprtant?
Tips:
T write a gd summary f a text, yu shuld:
circle the main pints and key ideas in a text;
express these ideas in yur wn wrds;
nt include supprting details r backgrund knwledge
nt include yur persnal pinin.
Sample:
Friendship is very imprtant t us. It leads t self-imprvement and helps us better walk the “path f life”. Friendship has three “fruits”. First, we feel mre cmfrtable when we share ur feelings with ur true friends, as they will understand us and allw us t express urselves. Secnd, friends can help us think mre clearly and ffer slutins t prblems. Third, friends are willing t supprt us t achieve ur gals. Hwever, we shuld carefully chse friends and develp friendships.
Step 7 Language Pints
Task 1: Key wrds:
..., we may smetimes wish t be alne with ur wn thughts, fr quiet perids f reflectin can lead t ...(lines1-2)
wish v. wish (sb.) t d
wish fr sth.
wish sb. sth. (常用来表示祝愿）
wish + (that) + 虚拟语气
n. a desire r a feeling that yu want t d sth. r have sth.
a thing that yu want t have r t happen 想要的东西
an attempt t make sth. happen by thinking hard abut it 愿望，心愿
(书信或贺卡中的）祝愿，祝福
祝你们俩旅途愉快！ ______________________________
请向他表达我最好的祝福！______________________________
Suggested answers: Wish yu bth a gd trip!; Please give him my best wishes!
reflectin n.
根据上下文猜测reflectin的意思
1) He admired his reflectin in the mirrr.
2) Yur clthes are a reflectin f yur persnality.
3) On reflectin, we decided t change ur plan.
4) The reflectins frm the street lamps gave them enugh light.
Suggested answers:1).倒影，影像 2)反映 3).考虑,（反思）4).（光，热，声）的反射
reflect v.
2. Hwever, when we seek t be alne, we must be careful that we dn’t always escape int ur wn wrld.(lines3-4)
seek v. (pt, pp sught / sɔːt; sɔt/)
~ (after/fr sth): lk (fr sth); try t find r btain (sth) 寻找; 找到或得到（某事物）
seek t d （= try t d )
seek sth. frm sb. 向某人寻求某物
seek ut 挑选出，物色
hide and seek 捉迷藏
seek ne's frtune 外出闯荡，寻找发财的机会
It's his jb t seek _______ the custmers.
They came here t seek shelter＿＿＿＿ biting winter winds.
They quickly sught ____________ (distance) themselves frm the prtesters.
She managed t seek help ________ a neighbur.
Suggested answers：ut; frm; t distance; frm
3. Mre ften than nt, clse friendships will help smth ut the smetimes rcky rad that we are meant t travel. (lines5-6)
smth v. & adj
smth ut: make sth. smth 消除（问题）, 克服（困难）；使平滑
smth sth. away 轻易地摆脱或消除（尤指问题﹑ 困难等）
We’ll smth ________ any difficulties when we reach them.
Mama helped Lisa t smth ______ a sheet n a bed.
a smth skin 光滑的
a smth sea 平静的
a smth jurney 顺利的
a smth landing in an aircraft 平稳的
smth breathing 顺畅的
Suggested answers: away; ut
4. As we live in scial grups, there are many benefits f friendship that we can enjy. (lines7-8)
benefit n. & v.
[U] 利益, 实惠, 未来的好处
[U, C] 保险金; 救济金; 抚恤金; 补助金:
medical/unemplyment/sickness benefit(s) 医疗/失业/疾病补助
[C]（为慈善而举行的）义演、义赛
a benefit match/perfrmance/cncert
义赛/义演/慈善音乐会
benefit v. (pt, pp -fited; US als -fitted)
benefit sb. 使（某人）受益
benefit frm sth. 从……受益
Pupils benefit _______ the pprtunity t express their thinking in a helpful atmsphere.
The maximum __________________ available t individuals in The District f Clumbia is $1,044 a week thrugh July 31, 2020. (失业补助)
One shuld be_____________ the sciety when alive. (对……有益）
Suggested answers: frm; unemplyment benefit; beneficial t
5. ... happiness takes n a greater meaning and a truble shared becmes a truble halved. (lines14-15)
take n 呈现……面貌 eg. take n a new lk
meanings f “take n”
take n twenty mre wrkers 雇佣
take n extra wrk 承担
take n a festive air 呈现
The new style didn't take n, s it was quickly drpped. 流行
6. Als, when we want t talk ur prblems ver with a friend, we ... (lines 25-26)
talk ver
1) cnsider; discuss in detail 考虑；讨论
Cme t my ffice and we will talk it ver．
always talks things ver with his parents befre he makes an imprtant decisin.
2) cause sb. t change his pinin; cnvince by talking
说服（某人）改变立场；说明
is very gd at talking ppnents ver t his viewpint.
Task 2: Analyze the fllwing sentence Structures:
1. they may cmfrt the heart, advise the head and help us achieve the gals we set fr urselves. (lines 8-9)
1) We ften find it easier t recgnize ther peple's weakness than ur wn. (lines 20-21)
it 是形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的不定式短语。 easier是形容词作宾补
2) Finally, it shuld be pinted ut that enjying the cmpany f a crwd is nt the same as being with friends. (lines 34-35)
it 是形式主语，真正的主语是后面that引导的从句。
Task 3: Find these phrases f the article:
1. 通向，导致
2. 注定要做某事
3. 与……共享
4. 分担的麻烦
5. 减半的麻烦
6. 由……产生
7. 最大程度的，最大限度的
8. 出于好心的，善意的
9. 片面的
10. 把想法付诸于语言
11. 指出
Suggested answers:1. lead t 2. be meant t d 3. share with 4. a truble shared 5. a truble halved 6. result frm 7. in full measure 8. well-meaning 9. ne-sided 10. put thughts int wrds 11. pint ut
Step 9 Hmewrk
1. Review what yur have learned.
2. Preview Prject part