外研版（2019）必修一~Unit 4-Friends forever单元核心考点归纳

Unit 4单元核心考点归纳【重点词汇&短语】①There have been great advances in medicine in the last ten years.在过去十年里，医学取得了巨大的进步。②This will further advance the friendly relations between the two countries.这将进一步促进两国的友好关系。③It is a popular show, so advance booking is essential.这是个很受欢迎的演出，所以提前订票是必要的。④We have_made_great_advances_in developing our ship­building industry.我们在发展造船工业方面有了很大的进步。⑤I would like to warn you in_advance that if you smoked here you would be fined.我想提前警告你，如果你在这里吸烟，你就会被罚款。①Boys and girls tend_to_be different in this regard.男孩和女孩在这方面往往有所不同。②Several nurses carefully tended_(to) the sick man.几位护士悉心照料那个病人。③The situation is_tending_towards stability.局势趋于稳定。①Believe it or not, I have_been/stayed/kept_in_touch_with_him for ten years.信不信由你，10年来我与他一直有联系。②Here they are learning to get_in_touch_with their true feelings.在这里他们学会触及他们的真实情感。③I can't give you advice, because I am out_of_touch_with economic conditions now.我不能给你提供建议，因为我不了解现阶段的经济状况。①You should keep_in_mind that we love you forever, my dear son.亲爱的儿子，你要记住我们永远爱你。②I just pick up whatever goods come_to_mind.我只是想到什么就拿什么罢了。③I can't seem to bring_to_mind the name of the place where we last met.我好像想不起来我们最后一次见面的那个地方的名字了。④I have_made_up_my_mind and nothing you say will change it. 我主意已定，你说什么也改变不了。①You should have_patience_with children.对待孩子要有耐心。②He gave up in the end for losing_patience_with the task.最终他因为对这项任务失去耐心而放弃了。③The doctor is_very_patient_with his patients.那位大夫对病人十分有耐心。④When we make mistakes, she always tells us where we are wrong kindly and patiently.当我们犯错时，她总是亲切和耐心地告诉我们错在哪里。①We are_anxious_for the news of your safe arrival.我们渴望得到你安全到达的消息。②She is_anxious_to go to college now, but anxious_about not passing the college entrance examination.她现在渴望上大学，但又担心不能通过高考。eq \a\vs4\al(易混辨析：eager， anxious)①You can see the ancient ruins in_the_distance.你在远处可以看到古代的废墟。②The picture looks better at_a_distance.那幅画隔一段距离看更好看。③We saw them waving to us at_a_distance_of two hundred meters.我们在相距200米处就看到他们在向我们招手示意。④When driving, you must keep_your_distance_from the car ahead of yours.开车的时候，一定要和你前面的车保持一定距离。①The fortune sets him free from financial worries.这笔钱使他不用为经济问题担忧。②These two brothers decided to go to big cities to try_their_fortune.这两兄弟决定去大城市碰碰运气。③To be honest, you'll make_a_fortune out of the investment. 说实话，你会从此投资中发一笔财的。④I have_the_good_fortune_to_work with some brilliant directors.我有幸与一些卓越的主管共事。①I corresponded_with Mary in the past several months when she took care of my mother. 在玛丽照顾我母亲的几个月里，我和她一直通信。②I assure you my actions will correspond_with/to my words. 我向你保证，我将言行一致。③I have been in_correspondence_with him about the problem.关于这个问题，我和他一直书信往来。④Frank Deford is a special correspondent for Newsweek magazine.弗兰克·德福特是《新闻周刊》杂志的特派记者。①A good idea struck the manager.经理想到了一个好主意。②It_struck_me_that he was on business in Shanghai.我突然想到他正在上海出差。③A snowball struck him on the back of the head.一个雪球打中了他的后脑勺。④The visitors were_struck_by the beauty of the country.游客们被这乡村的美丽打动了。⑤The workers have been on_strike for three days now. 工人已经罢工三天了。名师点津：strike可表示“突然想到想法，相当于hit，动词occur也有此意，它们在用法上的区别是：strike和hit后直接跟sb.， occur后面跟to sb.。①The question is whether that man will turn_up on time.问题是那个人是否会按时出现。②I can't hear the radio very well, could you turn it up a bit? 收音机我听不清楚，你把它开大一点行吗？③Why did she turn_down your invitation?她为什么谢绝你的邀请？④It turns_out right that water turns_into ice in such cold weather.在这么寒冷的天气中，水变成冰被证明是正确的。【长难句分析】①What_if she finds out that you've lost her book？如果她发现你把她的书丢了怎么办？②What_if I came tomorrow instead of this afternoon? 我今天下午不来，明天来，怎么样？③What_if I should fall sick and not be able to work? 万一我生病不能工作的话怎么办？④What_if no one had been there？假如没有人去过那里的话，会怎么样？⑤What_if you join us for lunch？同我们一起吃午饭怎么样？①Whatever_(＝No_matter_what) you do, you can't go against nature.无论你做什么，都不能违背自然规律。②Whoever_(＝No_matter_who) last leaves the room, he should make sure that the windows are closed.不管谁最后离开房间，都应该确保关上窗户。③Whenever_and_wherever_(＝No_matter_when_and_where) he comes across his students，the teacher says hello to them.不管什么时候在什么地方碰到自己的学生，这位老师都会和他们打招呼。④He can answer the question however_(＝no_matter_how) hard it is.无论问题有多难，他都能回答。①He wants to have_his_eyes_examined tomorrow.他明天想去检查眼睛。②I will have_him_help me with my English.我想让他帮我学英语。③I have_a_lot_of_things_to_do today.今天我有很多事要做。【语法归纳-定语从句（部分）】1.定语从句的定义与分类在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。根据定语从句与先行词的关系，定语从句可分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。前者紧跟先行词，主句与从句不用逗号分开，从句不可省去；后者主句与从句之间用逗号分开，起补充说明作用，如果省去，意思仍然完整。2．关系代词的用法(1)who的用法：who指人，在从句中可作主语、宾语和表语。There is a girl who wants to see you.有个女孩儿想见你。(2)whom的用法：whom指人，在从句中作宾语，此时也可用who代替。The old man who/whom you saw yesterday is a thinker.你昨天见到的那位老人是位思想家。(3)whose的用法：whose既可指人也可指物，在从句中修饰名词作定语，相当于所修饰成分的前置所有格。它可以转化为“the＋名词＋of which/whom”和“of which/whom＋the＋名词”的形式。This is the scientist whose_name is known all over the country.＝This is the scientist the_name_of_whom is known all over the country.这就是那位全国知名的科学家。Please pass me the book whose_cover is green.＝Please pass me the book the_cover_of_which is green.请递给我那本绿色封面的书。(4)that和which的用法①which指物，that 既可指人也可指物；它们在从句中作主语、宾语或表语，which和that在从句中作宾语时可以省略。Please find a room which/that is big enough for all of us to live in.请找一间足够大能住下我们所有人的房间。This is the house (which/that) we bought last month.这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。This is the thief (that) we have been looking for these days.这就是我们近日来一直在找的小偷。②在限制性定语从句中，关系代词指物时只能用that而不用which的情况a．当先行词是all, little, few, none, anything, something, everything, nothing等词时。Can you give me anything_that has no sugar inside?能不能给我点儿里面没有糖的东西？b．当先行词是序数词或形容词最高级或被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。This is the_first two­storey bus that runs in our city.这是第一辆运行于我市的双层公交车。Guilin is the_most_beautiful city that I have ever visited.桂林是我游览过的最美丽的城市。c．当先行词被the only, the very, the same, the right等修饰时。This is the_very scarf that mother has been looking for.这就是妈妈一直在找的那条围巾。d．当先行词既有人又有物时。Can you tell me the_people_and_events_that you saw in Britain?你能告诉我你在英国见到的人和事吗？③句中其他位置已出现与关系代词相同的疑问词时，应避免重复。Which is the car that has overtaken us?哪辆车超过我们了？1advance n. 进步，进展　v. 前进；使发展；促进　adj. 预先的，在前的(P38)归纳拓展(1)make an advance/advances in 在某方面有进步/发展(2)in advance＝ahead of time 提前in advance of 比……进步；在……之前(3)advanced adj. 高级的；进步的；先进的2tend vi. 易于做某事，往往会发生某事　vt. 照顾；照料；护理(P39)归纳拓展(1)tend to do sth.易于做某事，往往会做某事tend (to) sb.照顾某人tend towards倾向于，趋于(2)tendency n. 倾向；趋势3stay in touch with 与……保持联系(P38)归纳拓展stay/keep in touch with sb. 和某人保持联系(状态)get in touch with sb. 和某人取得联系(动作)lose touch with 和……失去联系(动作)be in touch with 和……有联系(状态)be out of touch with 不了解；失去联系(状态)4keep/bear ... in mind 记住(P39)归纳拓展come to mind 突然想起bring ... to mind 使想起……make up one's mind 打定主意；下定决心change one's mind 改变主意5patience n. 耐心(P42)归纳拓展(1)have patience with对……有耐心lose patience with对……失去耐心(2)patient adj. 耐心的　n. 病人be patient with对……有耐心(3)patiently adv. 耐心地6anxious adj. 焦虑的，不安的(P42)归纳拓展(1)be anxious for渴望得到……be anxious about 为……担心/忧虑be anxious to do sth.渴望/急于做某事(2)anxiously adv. 焦急地，忧虑地，渴望地(3)anxiety n. 焦虑，忧虑，担心eager强调“对成功的期望”或“进取的热情”，含有积极向上的意思anxious强调“担心”或“焦虑”，对结果感到不安7distance v. 使与……保持距离，撇清和……的关系　n. 距离，间隔，远处(P43)归纳拓展(1)distance yourself/sb./sth. (from sb./sth.) 与……保持距离/疏远(2)in the distance在远处at/from a distance稍远处；隔一段距离at a distance of在……的距离keep one's distance from与……保持一定的距离(3)distant adj. 遥远的注意：对distance “距离”提问应用what。8fortune n. 大笔的钱，巨款；命运；运气(P44)归纳拓展(1)make a one's fortune发财have the good/bad fortune to do ... 有幸/不幸做……try one's fortune 碰运气(2)fortunate adj. 幸运的be fortunate to do sth. 有幸/幸运地做某事It is fortunate that ... 幸运的是……unfortunate adj. 不幸的fortunately adv. 幸运地unfortunately adv. 不幸地9correspond v. 通信；相一致，符合(P45)归纳拓展(1)correspond to/with 和……一致correspond with 和……通信(2)correspondence n. 一致，相符；通信联系；往来书信in correspondence with 与……一致；与……有通信联系(3)correspondent n. 记者，通讯员；通信者corresponding adj. 一致的，相应的，通信的10strike vt.& vi. (struck，struck/stricken) 划火柴；(雷电、暴风雨等)袭击；打，击中；打动，吸引；想起；(时钟)敲响　n. 罢工；罢课(P46)归纳拓展(1)sth. strikes/struck sb. 某人突然想起某事It strikes/struck sb. that ... 某人突然想到……strike sb.＋介词＋the＋身体部位 打中某人身体某处be struck by ... 被……打动；被……击中；被……撞倒(2)be on strike 在罢工11turn up 出现；到场；开大/调高音量(P45)归纳拓展turn down 调小；拒绝turn into 变成turn out 证明是；结果是turn to 转向；求助于；翻到turn in 上交1What_if the only way of getting news from faraway friends was writing letters that took ages to be delivered? 倘若从远方朋友那里获得消息的唯一途径是写信而且需要很长时间才能送达，又会如何？(P38)剖析what if意为“要是……又怎样？”其同义句为：If ... So what? 如果……那又怎么样？归纳拓展(1)What if 用于提出假设时，意思是“倘若……，假若……怎么办，要是……将会怎么样”，其后句子可用陈述语气(一般现在时)，也可用虚拟语气(一般过去时或should＋动词原形；若是针对过去情况，从句则用过去完成时)。(2)What if 表示邀请或建议时，意思是“……怎么样？如果……如何？”。(3)What if表示情况不重要时通常与so连用，意为“就算……那又怎样？”，有时可省略成“So what？”。2Whatever_our_hobbies,_the Internet can connect us with others who also enjoy doing them, even if they live on the other side of the world. 不管我们的爱好是什么，互联网都能把我们和其他同样喜欢做这些事情的人联系起来，即使他们生活在地球的另一端。(P39)剖析本句中whatever引导让步状语从句，其相当于no matter what，意为“不管什么，无论什么”。归纳拓展(1)wherever, whenever, however, whoever, whichever, whatever 等引导让步状语从句，相当于“no matter＋疑问词”。(2)whoever, whichever, whatever 等也可引导名词性从句，相当于anyone that 或anything that，但是“no matter＋疑问词”不能引导名词性从句。3We figured that in twenty years each of us ought to have_our_destiny_worked_out_and_our_fortunes_made,_whatever they were going to be. 我们认为，二十年后，我们每个人都应该掌握自己的命运，创造自己的财富，不管这些财富是什么。(P44)剖析本句中have our destiny worked out and our fortunes made为“have sth. done”结构，其中过去分词短语worked out和made分别作宾语our destiny和our fortunes的补足语。归纳拓展“have sth. done”结构是“have＋宾语＋宾补”结构的形式之一，其用法如下：(1)该结构中，have为使役动词，意为“使，让”，过去分词作宾语补足语，表示被动的含义。(2)该结构的字面意思是“使某事被做”，可能是主语自己做，也可能让别人做。此时have可用get/make替换。有时该结构还可以表示主语“遭受/经历某种不幸的事”。(3)“have＋宾语＋宾补”结构中，宾补可由不定式(不带to)、现在分词、过去分词等充当：have sb. do 让某人做某事have sb. doing让某人一直做某事(强调动作一直在持续)have sth. done使某事被做注意：have sth. to do 有某事要做(to do作定语，修饰前面的名词，不定式的动作由主语发出，不定式虽为主动形式，但表示被动意义)。