外研版（2019）必修一~Unit 3-Family matters单元核心考点归纳

Unit 3单元核心考点归纳【重点词汇&短语】①The only way to come out on top is to adopt a different approach. 脱颖而出的唯一途径就是采用一种不同的方法。②As Teachers' Day was approaching, our class decided to hold a party to celebrate the important day.随着教师节的临近，今年我们班决定举行一场晚会来庆祝这个重要的节日。③He came up with a new approach to working out the puzzling maths problem.他想出了解决这个数学难题的新方法。④Some shops have doors which open by themselves at the approach of a customer.有些商店的门在顾客走近时会自动打开。⑤When he approached me about the job, I was very surprised.当他为这份工作找我商量时，我非常吃惊。eq \a\vs4\al(易混辨析：way， means， manner， method， approach)①I am so tired that I can't focus on anything today.我今天太累了，集中不了精力做任何事。②If we find those materials interesting, we'll focus our attention on them for long.如果我们发现那些材料有趣，我们的注意力就会长时间集中在它们身上。③You can't take a good photograph unless the object is in focus.只有对准焦距你才能拍出好照片。④The camera was a bit out of focus when I took that picture. 我拍那张照片的时候，照相机焦距有点没对准。①We can't assume the suspects to be guilty simply because they've decided to remain silent.我们不能仅仅因为嫌疑人已经决定保持沉默就假定他们有罪。②Don't assume it is OK to be rude if the person you're in touch with can't recognize you.不要认为你联系的人认不出你，你就可以对人不礼貌。③It is generally assumed that stress is caused by too much work.普遍认为，压力是工作太多所致。④Assuming that it rains tomorrow, what shall we do？假设明天下雨，我们应该怎么做？⑤They preferred to make assumptions about the world based on the experience of others.他们更喜欢在别人经验的基础之上对世界作出假设。①Respect yourself, or no one will respect you.君须自敬，人乃敬之。②She has always been honest with me, and I respect her for that.她一直对我很诚实，我一直敬重她这一点。③I show my great respect for the respectable teachers in this respect.在这方面，我对尊敬的老师表示崇高的敬意。④With respect to/In respect of your other suggestions, I am not yet able to tell you our decision.谈到你的其他建议，我现在还无法把我们的决定告诉你。⑤The children in our family are always respectful to their elders.我们家的孩子对长辈总是恭恭敬敬的。①I said hello to him, but he ignored me completely.我向他问好，但是他完全不理我。②I am ignorant of what he has done.我不知道他干了些什么。③They fought against prejudice and ignorance for a long time.他们同偏见与无知进行了长期的斗争。①Do whichever of these things that suit you.做任何适合你的事。②You have to suit your spending to your income.你必须让你的收支相符。③The area is well suited to road cycling as well as off­road riding.这个地方很适合举行自行车公路赛和越野赛。④I don't think I should be suitable for the job.我认为我不适合这个岗位。⑤This piece is not suitable to be played in the open air. 这个曲子不适合在露天演奏。eq \a\vs4\al(易混辨析：suit， fit， match)①The player was given hardly any opportunities to show off his talents.那位选手几乎没有得到什么机会展示自己的天赋。②My brother showed a talent for music when he was very young.我弟弟在很小的时候就表现出音乐才能。③I guess he has a natural talent for writing.我想他天生就有写作的天赋。④I believe my father is a talented man.我相信我的父亲是一个有才能的人。①We have every reason to be proud of our country and nation.＝We have every reason to take pride in our country and nation.我们有理由为我们的国家和民族感到骄傲和自豪。②The king walked out to the street very proudly and walked with pride. 国王很骄傲地走上了大街，满怀自豪地走着。①The pilot of the plane should be responsible for the passengers' safety.飞行员应对乘客的安全负责。②You are an adult now and you need to take responsibility for your actions.现在你是成年人了，你需要对自己的行为负责。③It is your responsibility to look after the children.照看这些孩子是你的责任。①Do they observe Christmas?他们过圣诞节吗？②The teacher observed that the girl was not listening and was lost in thought.老师注意到那个女孩没有在听课，陷入了沉思。③The police observed him enter the bank with a short gun.警察看到他带着短枪进了银行。④When I passed by his house, I observed him playing in the yard.当我从他房子旁经过时，我看到他正在院子里玩。⑤Art class help develop children's powers of observation.美术课有助于提高儿童的观察力。名师点津：在主动语态中，observe接宾语后跟不定式作补语时，要省去不定式符号to，但变为被动语态时，to不能省去。类似用法的词还有：see， hear， notice， make， have， watch等。①A wide range of colours and patterns are available.各种颜色和样式都有。②It's beyond the range of my ability.这件事超出了我的能力范围。③The cat stayed well out of range of the children.这只猫离孩子们远远的。④She has had a number of different jobs, ranging from chef to swimming instructor.她做过许多不同的工作，从厨师到游泳教练。名师点津：range作“变动，变化”讲时，不用于进行时态。①I apologise for having taken too much of your time.我为占用你很多时间而表示歉意。②I apologised to her for stepping on her feet.＝I made an apology to her for stepping on her feet.我因踩到她的脚而向她道歉。①As a perfectionist, Virginia was just not prepared to settle for anything mediocre.作为一个完美主义者，弗吉尼娅就是无法勉强接受任何平庸的东西。②She settled in Shanghai after her father's death.父亲死后，她就在上海定居了。③We settled into our new house just last week.我们上周刚刚迁入新居。④The chairman tried to settle the audience down.主席尽力让听众安静下来。①Obviously, he's fallen in love with the girl.显而易见，他爱上了这个女孩。②The disadvantages are obvious to us. 这些不利条件对我们而言是显而易见的。③It was quite obvious to everyone that it had been a mistake.很显然每个人都认为它是个错误。①The US took the lead in declaring war on terrorism.美国带头向恐怖主义宣战。②He will play the lead role in Hamlet.他将主演《哈姆雷特》。③A nurse took her arm and led her to a chair.有位护士搀扶她坐到椅子上。④Her trusting nature often led her into trouble.她容易相信别人的性格经常使她遇到麻烦。⑤His actions could lead to him losing his job.他的行为会让他丢掉工作的。①I wondered where the pictures would end up after the auction.我想知道那些画拍卖后的最终去处。②Most slimmers end up putting weight back on.大多数减肥成功的人最终又胖了回去。③Anyone who swims in the river could end up with a stomach upset.在这条河里游泳的人最终可能会出现肠胃不适。④He could end up as President.他没准儿哪天会当上总统。【长难句分析】①Learning English well is challenging for him as he is an average student.学好英语对他来说很有挑战性，因为他是一个中等水平的学生。②It's no use crying over spilt milk.覆水难收。③Tom's coming late to school made the teacher very angry.汤姆上学迟到使老师很生气。④The suggestion of the meeting being put off was not adopted by the chairman.延期召开会议的建议没有被主席采纳。①With a great many articles to write, he won't have time to go shopping this morning.他有那么多文章要写，今天早上将没有时间去买东西了。②He lay on the grass with his eyes looking at the sky.他躺在草地上，眼望天空。③With my homework finished, I gladly accepted her invitation.我的作业完成了，我欣然接受了她的邀请。④In summer, she usually sleeps with the windows open.夏天，她通常开着窗户睡觉。⑤Alice was lying on the bed with her shoes on.艾丽斯穿着鞋子躺在床上。⑥The teacher came in, with a smile on his face.老师进来了，脸上洋溢着笑容。①As the old saying goes: “Flowers are pleasant to look at but hard to grow.”正如俗话所说：“看花容易栽花难。”②This city is really comfortable to live in. 这个城市真的很适合居住。③The long sentence is difficult for you to remember.这个长句对你来说很难记。④I'm glad to be told this good news.我很高兴被告知这个好消息。【语法归纳-时态】1.一般现在时(1)构成：动词原形或动词的第三人称单数形式。(2)基本用法①一般现在时表示经常或反复发生的动作或存在的状态，常和often, always, usually, sometimes, every day, once a week, rarely, seldom, hardly, ever, never等表示频率的副词连用。I often read books in my spare time.业余时间我经常看书。②一般现在时用于描述主语的特征、性格、能力等。Mary is good at music.玛丽擅长音乐。He knows a lot of English.他英语懂得很多。③一般现在时用于陈述客观事实或普遍真理。The earth moves around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。Shanghai lies in the east of China.上海位于中国的东部。④在主从复合句中，当描述将来的事情时，主句用一般将来时，条件状语从句、时间状语从句和让步状语从句用一般现在时代替一般将来时。You'll make great progress if you work hard!你如果努力学习，就会取得很大进步。⑤一般现在时表示按规定、计划或时间表将要发生的动作，通常限于表示“位置转移”的非延续性动词(词组)，如go, come, leave, start, begin, open, close, arrive, take off等，其后常跟有表示将来的时间状语。The train leaves at 7：25 this evening.火车今晚7：25开。Our summer vacation begins in early July.我们的暑假七月初开始。⑥小说故事、电影、文学作品等的情节介绍、评论等一般使用一般现在时。新闻报道类的内容，为了体现其“新鲜性”，也用一般现在时来表示过去发生的事情。Harry Potter is set in the modern world.《哈利·波特》以现代世界为背景。⑦一般现在时常用于格言或警句中。Pride goes before a fall.骄者必败。2．现在进行时(1)构成：is/am/are＋现在分词。(2)基本用法①现在进行时表示现在或目前一段时间内正在进行的动作，常与now, at present, at this moment, these days, this week/month等时间状语连用。All the classmates are reviewing the lesson in the classroom now. 同学们正在教室里复习功课。These days we are helping the farmers work on the farm.这些天我们一直在农场帮农民们干活。②现在进行时常与always, continually, constantly, forever等表示频度的副词连用，表示经常、反复发生的动作，常含有厌烦、责备、愤怒、抱怨、赞扬等情感。She is always thinking of others instead of herself.她总是想着别人而不是她自己。The boy is constantly asking such silly questions.那个男孩老是提这类愚蠢的问题。③现在进行时可以表示将来的动作，主要用于表示按计划或安排要发生的动作。常与come, go, leave, depart, arrive, stay, start/begin, take off等动词(词组)连用。Mr Smith is leaving for Nanjing tonight.史密斯先生今晚去南京。The meeting is beginning at three this afternoon.会议在下午三点开始。3．现在完成时(1)构成：have/has＋过去分词。(2)基本用法①现在完成时表示动作发生在过去，但对现在造成一定的影响或结果，常与already, yet, never, before, so far, up to now等连用。I have already made a plan for my study ahead of time.我已经提前制订了学习计划。—Have you finished your homework yet?—Yes, I have already finished it.——你做完作业了吗？——是的，我已经做完了。②现在完成时所表示的动作从过去开始持续到现在，也许还会继续下去。常用的时间状语有：for＋时间段，since＋过去的时间点，so far, recently, lately, this week, this month, this year, these days, during/in the last/past few years等。We have learned English for eight years.我们学英语八年了。He has lived in London since three years ago.自从三年前他就住在伦敦。注意：当现在完成时表示动作持续时，谓语动词应该使用延续性动词。He has left for ten minutes.(×)He has been away for ten minutes. (√)他已经离开十分钟了。He has bought this book for two months. (×)He has had this book for two months. (√)他买这本书已有两个月了。③在“It/This is the first/second ... last time＋从句”与“It/This is the＋序数词或形容词最高级＋名词＋that从句”这两个句型中，从句中的谓语要用现在完成时。It is the first time I have driven a car.这是我第一次开车。This is the most interesting film that he has made.这是他拍的最有趣的电影。④现在完成时可用在状语从句中代替将来完成时，这时从句的动作要先于主句的动作发生。I'll go to the party as soon as I have finished my homework.我一完成作业就去参加聚会。4．一般将来时(1)构成：shall/will＋动词原形，be going to＋动词原形，be (about) to do sth.(2)基本用法①shall/will＋动词原形，表示即将发生的动作或存在的状态，特别是表示客观性的事情或在某条件下临时决定去做的事情只能用此结构。I will/shall go to visit him next week.下周我将去拜访他。—Tom was injured badly in the accident yesterday.—Oh, I didn't know. I will see him after work.——汤姆在昨天的事故中受伤很严重。——噢，我不知道。我下班后去看他。②will＋动词原形，表示习惯性动作或未来的倾向。Wherever he goes, he will take an umbrella with him.无论到哪儿，他总是带着一把伞。Oil will float on water.油总是浮在水上。③be going to＋动词原形，表示即将发生的事情或近期准备、打算、有迹象表明要做某事。What are you going to do next Sunday?下星期天你打算干什么？Look at the black clouds！It is going to rain.瞧那些乌云！要下雨了。④be (just) about to＋动词原形，表示即将发生的事，常译为“刚要……，就要……”，不能与表示将来的具体时间状语连用，但常与when连用。Please get everything ready. The experiment is about to start.请准备好。实验就要开始了。⑤be to do表示按计划、职责、义务、约定要发生的动作。Who is to clean the classroom today?今天该谁打扫教室了？5．一般过去时(1)构成：动词过去式。(2)基本用法①一般过去时表示过去某一时刻或某段时间内发生的动作或存在的状态，常与明确表示过去的时间状语，如：yesterday, last week, in 1949, in the past, a few days ago等连用。I graduated from No.1 Middle School three years ago.三年前我从一中毕业。I had two eggs and a glass of milk for breakfast this morning.今天早上我吃了两个鸡蛋，喝了一杯牛奶。注意：有些句子，虽然没有表示过去确定时间的状语，但实际上是指过去发生的动作或存在的状态时，也要用一般过去时。如：Your phone number again? I didn't quite catch it.再说一遍你的电话号码好吗？我刚才没听见。②一般过去时表示过去连续发生的一系列动作。She got up, washed her face, cleaned her teeth, had her breakfast and then went to work.她起床后，洗完脸，刷完牙，吃过早饭，然后就去上班了。③一般过去时表示过去一段时间内经常发生的或习惯性的动作。常与often, usually, sometimes等表示频度的词连用。When I was a teenager, I played table tennis almost every day.我十几岁时，几乎每天都打乒乓球。Her father usually did some housework at home last year.她爸爸去年常常在家做些家务。④一般过去时表示说话人原来没有料到、想到的事。I didn't know you were here. How long have you been here?我不知道你在这里，你来了多久了？⑤在时间、条件或让步状语从句中，常用一般过去时代替过去将来时，表示过去将要发生的动作。He said he would not go if it rained.他说如果下雨他就不去了。名师点津　—Have you seen my dictionary?—Yes, I saw it on your bed yesterday.——你见过我的词典吗？——是的，我昨天看见它在你床上。1approach n. 方式，方法，态度；道路，通路；靠近，接近　vt.& vi. (在距离或时间上，数量或质量上)接近，靠近；接洽(P27)归纳拓展(1)an approach to ... 通往……的道路，……的方法(to是介词)at the approach of 在快到……的时候，随着……的来临(2)approach sb./sth. about (doing) sth. 与某人/某组织商量(做)某事(做)……的方法用这种方法way to do/of (doing) sth.method of (doing) sth.means of (doing) sth.manner of (doing) sth.approach to (doing) sth.in this waywith this methodby this meansin this manner2focus vi. 集中注意；聚焦　vt. 使聚焦；使集中；(把……)集中(于)　n. 焦点；(兴趣、活动等的)中心(P27)归纳拓展(1)focus on/upon集中(注意力)于……focus one's attention/mind on/upon ... 集中某人的注意力/心思于……focus one's eyes on/upon ... 注视……(2)in focus 清晰的，焦距对准的out of focus 模糊的，不清楚的；焦距没有对准的3assume v. 假定，认为，承担(责任)(P27)归纳拓展(1)assume＋that从句 设想……It is generally assumed that ... 普遍认为……assuming/supposing (that) ... 假设……(2)assumption n. 假定，假设make an assumption/assumptions about 对……作出假设on the assumption that 假定……，假设……4respect v. 尊敬，敬重　n. 尊敬，敬重；方面，细节；问候(复数)(P27)归纳拓展(1)respect sb.＝show/have respect for sb. 尊重某人respect oneself 自尊，自重respect sb. for sth. 因某事而尊重某人(2)give/send my respects to sb. 代我向某人问好/致意in this/that respect 在这/那方面in respect of/with respect to 关于；就……而言(3)respectful adj. 礼貌的；恭敬的respectable adj. 体面的；令人尊敬的respective adj. 分别的，各自的5ignore v. 忽视，对……不予理会(P27)归纳拓展(1)ignorant adj. 无知的，愚昧的be ignorant of/about sth. 不知道某事，对……不了解(2)ignorance n. 无知6suit v. 适合(P27)归纳拓展(1)suit ... to 使……适合be suited to 适合/适应于(2)suitable adj. 适合的be suitable for 适合于……be suitable to do sth. 适合做某事suit“适合，适宜”，指衣服颜色、样式适合某人，还可指合乎需要、口味、地位、条件等。另外，用于比喻意义时多用suitfit“适合，合身”，指大小、尺寸、形状等合适，引申为“吻合，协调”match“适合，和……匹配”，多指色调、形状、性质等方面的搭配，含有“与之相匹配”之意7talent n. 才能；天赋；人才(P27)归纳拓展(1)have a talent for 有……的天赋show a talent for 展现出……的天赋(2)talented adj. 有天赋的；有才能的8be proud of 以……为骄傲，对……感到骄傲(P27)归纳拓展(1)proudly adv. 自豪地；骄傲地(2)pride n. 自豪；骄傲；得意with pride 自豪地take pride in＝be proud of以……为骄傲，对……感到骄傲9responsible adj. (对事故、错误、罪行等)负有责任的，应承担责任的(P29)归纳拓展(1)be responsible for sth. 对某事负责任；是某事的原因be responsible to sb. 向某人负责任(2)responsibility n. 责任，义务It is one's responsibility to do sth. 做某事是某人的责任take responsibility for 为……负责10observe v. 庆祝，过(节日，生日等)；观察(P31)归纳拓展(1)observe sb. do sth. 观察某人做某事(全过程)observe sb. doing sth. 注意到某人正在做某事(2)observation n. 观察11range n. 一系列；范围；种类　vt. (在一定的范围内)变动/变化(P31)归纳拓展a wide range of 一系列……；各种各样的……within (the)/in range of 在可及的范围内beyond the/out of range of 超出……的范围range from ... to ... 在……和……之间变化12apologise v. 道歉(P31)归纳拓展(1)apologise to sb. 向某人道歉apologise for (doing) sth. 因为(做)某事而道歉(2)apology n. 道歉make an apology to sb. for sth. 因某事而向某人道歉13settle v. 和解，结束(争论)；定居(P32)归纳拓展(1)settle for 勉强接受，将就settle in 在……安家，定居，落户settle into 迁入(新居)settle down 定居，过安定的日子；(使)平静下来(2)settler n. 移民；定居者settlement n. (解决纷争的)协议；解决；处理；(关于钱财转让的)协议(书)14obviously adv. 明显地，显而易见地(P33)归纳拓展obvious adj. 明显的，显而易见的be obvious to sb. 对某人来说显而易见 It is obvious (to sb.) that ... (对某人来说)……很明显15in the lead 处于领先地位(P32)归纳拓展(1)take the lead (in doing sth.) 带头(做某事)(2)play the lead/the lead role 主演……(3)lead v. 带路，领路；领导，带领；导致，造成lead sb. to sp. 带某人去某处lead an investigation/inquiry/campaign 开展调查/询问/运动lead sb. into sth. 使某人陷入(不良状态)lead sb. to do sth./lead to sb. doing sth. 导致某人做某事16end up (尤指经历一系列意外后)最终处于，到头来(P35)归纳拓展end up doing sth. 最终还是做了某事；以做某事结束end up with 以……结束end up as 最终成为……end up like 到头来和……一样1Playing in a band is not a job.在乐队表演不是一份工作。(P27)剖析本句中Playing in a band为动名词短语作主语。归纳拓展(1)动名词(短语)作主语可放在句首，谓语动词用单数，动名词(短语)作主语往往表示比较笼统的、一般的或习惯性的动作。(2)动名词(短语)作主语时，有时用it作形式主语，而把动名词(短语)后置，常见结构：It is useless/no use/no good/a waste of time ＋doing sth.(3)动名词(短语)作主语时可以有自己的逻辑主语，“逻辑主语＋动名词”叫做动名词的复合结构。常见形式：逻辑主语有生命时：名词所有格、形容词性物主代词；(在口语和非正式文体中，动名词复合结构作宾语时，常用人称代词代替物主代词，用名词普通格代替所有格。但若作主语，则最好用所有格或物主代词。)逻辑主语无生命时：名词普通格。2With just 700 metres to go, Alistair Brownlee was in third place and his younger brother, Jonny, was in the lead. 只剩下700米了，阿利斯泰尔·布朗利名列第三，他的弟弟乔尼领先。(P32)剖析本句中With just 700 metres to go为“with＋宾语＋宾补”构成的with复合结构，其中不定式to go作宾补。归纳拓展with复合结构在句中常作原因、条件、时间、方式或伴随状语，也可作后置定语。常见形式有：(1)with＋宾语＋动词不定式(表示未做)(2)with＋宾语＋现在分词(表示主动或进行)(3)with＋宾语＋过去分词 (表示被动或完成)(4)with＋宾语＋形容词/副词/介词短语(表示状态)3But for Alistair, his decision was easy to explain: “Mum wouldn't have been happy if I'd left Jonny behind.”但对阿利斯泰尔来说，他的决定很容易解释：“如果我把乔尼落下，妈妈会不高兴的。”(P33)剖析本句中his decision was easy to explain为“主语＋be＋adj. ＋动词不定式”结构。归纳拓展(1)常用于该句型的形容词多为表示主语性质、特征的词，如hard, difficult, pleasant, easy, comfortable, interesting等。(2)动词不定式和主语在逻辑上为动宾关系，不定式用主动形式表示被动意义；当不定式中的动词为不及物动词时，要加上适当的介词。(3)不定式有时会带上自己的逻辑主语，并由for引出。注意：表示喜、怒、哀、乐等情感的形容词，后跟不定式表原因，不可用不定式的主动表被动。一般过去时与现在完成时的区别概念不同一般过去时只表示动作发生在过去，与现在无关，属于“过去”的时态范畴；现在完成时的动作虽然发生在过去，但强调的是对现在造成的影响和结果，属于“现在时”范畴。时间状语不同一般过去时常与表示过去的时间状语连用，如：yesterday, two days ago, last year等。现在完成时往往不与表示过去的时间状语连用，而是多与before, already, ever, never, ever since, since, for＋时间段等连用。