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高中英语外研版 (2019)必修 第一册Unit 5 Into the wild精品测试题
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这是一份高中英语外研版 (2019)必修 第一册Unit 5 Into the wild精品测试题，共14页。
1．掌握第五单元单词和相应的变形。
2．复习并掌握限制性定语从句关系副词的用法。
趣味导入：
Have yu travelled t anwhere that is far frm the twn, the frest r the desert?
Tell us abut smething new abut the wild.
Can yu make sme suggestins n hw t prtect the wildlife, give sme examples.
知识点精析
The Mnarch’s Jurney
Many animals mve frm ne place t anther at certain times f the year.This annual mvement is called migratin.They migrate t find fd, seek a partner, r in search f warmer weather.One f the mst wnderful migratins in nature is that f the Nrth American mnarch butterfly.
Every autumn, millins f these beautiful insects with fine black and range wings begin a lng and difficult jurney.Smehw they manage t travel arund 4，000 kilmetres suth and find their way t Califrnia r Mexic.Hwever, until recently n ne knew (1)hw they did this.
A team f scientists(2) led by Prfessr Eli Shlizerman at the University f Washingtn has nw fund the answer.They have fund ut that the mnarch is able t tell the time f day.It uses its eyes t measure the psitin f the sun.These tw pieces f infrmatin—the time f day and the pint (3)where the sun is in the sky—allw the butterfly t determine the way t g.Eventually, it manages t reach the places where it will spend the winter.
The slutin t the mystery f the mnarch’s amazing ability cmes at a time (4)when it is in serius truble.Its ppulatin has crashed by as much as 90 per cent in the last few years.Sadly, human activity is the main reasn (5)why the number f mnarch butterflies is falling.In many f the places where the butterfly can be fund, peple are destrying the natural envirnment.They cut dwn trees and use chemicals that kill the plants (6)that mnarch caterpillars eat.
The research n the mnarch’s behaviur has hwever led t a greater awareness f this creature.Peple have been wrking tgether t recrd its migratin and make sure (7)that there are enugh plants fr it t feed n.If this wrks, there may cme a time when the number f mnarch butterflies increases nce again.(8)The mre we knw abut this lvely creature, the greater the chance it will survive and keep its place in the natural wrld fr a lng time t cme.
文章翻译：
许多动物都会在每年的特定时间从一个地方迁移到另一个地方。这种一年一度的行为叫做“迁徙”。它们为了觅食、寻找伴侣或温暖的环境而迁徙。自然界中最壮观的迁徙之一是北美洲黑脉金斑蝶的迁徙。
每年秋天，数百万这种翅膀橙黑相间的美丽昆虫都会开始漫长而艰辛的旅程。它们总是设法完成大约4000公里的南行之旅，成功到达加利福尼亚或墨西哥。然而，直到最近人们才明白它们是如何做到的。
一支由伊莱·史莱泽曼教授领导的来自华盛顿大学的科学家团队现已找到了答案。他们发现，黑脉金斑蝶可以判断时间，并能用眼睛来测量太阳的位置。这两条信息——一天中的时间和太阳在天空中的位置——让黑脉金斑蝶判定前进方向，最终成功抵达过冬的地点。
黑脉金斑蝶这一惊人能力的奥秘被揭晓时，这一生物正处于水深火热的生存状态中。其数量在近几年内减少了百分之九十之多。可悲的是，人类活动是黑脉金斑蝶数量下降的主要原因。在黑脉金斑蝶生存的许多地方，人们正破坏着那里的自然环境。他们砍伐树木，他们所用的化学制剂杀死了黑脉金斑蝶幼虫食用的植物。
不过，对黑脉金斑蝶行为的研究也使得人们对这种生物有了更多的认识。人们已经在共同努力，记录它的迁徙，并确保它有足够的食物。如果这些努力产生效果，黑脉金斑蝶的数量在未来有可能会再次回升。我们对这个可爱的生物了解越多，它们在自然界中得以长久生存并保持其地位的可能性就越大。
(1)hw引导的宾语从句作knew的宾语，hw在从句中作方式状语。
(2)过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰scientists。
(3)where引导定语从句，修饰先行词pint，在从句中作地点状语。
(4)when引导定语从句，修饰先行词time，在从句中作时间状语。
(5)why引导定语从句，修饰先行词reasn，在从句中作原因状语。
(6)that引导定语从句，修饰先行词plants，在从句中作宾语。
(7)that引导宾语从句，作make sure的宾语。
(8)此处为“the＋比较级..., the＋比较级...”句式，意为“越……就越……”。
1.seek v.寻找；寻求
·They migrate t find fd, seek a partner, r in search f warmer weather.
(教材P50)它们迁徙是为了寻找食物，寻找伴侣，或者寻找更温暖的天气。
【例题】
①Seeking fr t much fame made him unppular.
②Nw a number f cllege graduates are seeking t__get (get) a high-paid jb.
③Many peple spend years seeking__(fr)__peace__f__mind,__ften with little success.很多人年复一年地寻求心灵的平静，却很难如愿以偿。
用法总结
seek (fr) sth 寻找/追求某物
seek ut 找出；搜出
seek t d sth 设法做某事
2.measure vt.量，测量；评估vi.有……长/宽n.尺寸；措施
【例题】
①Educatin shuldn’t be__measured (measure) nly by examinatin results.
②The gvernment has taken measures t__bring (bring) dwn the high prices f huse.
③In the ld days, my mther always made new clthes t my wn measure with the Spring Festival cming.
④The new bridge under cnstructin, measuring (measure) twice as lng as the ld ne, will be cmpleted next mnth.
用法总结
ne’s measure 按照某人的尺寸做(衣服等)
take measures t d sth 采取措施做某事
【拓展】
measure作“尺寸”讲时，常用作不可数名词；而作“措施”讲时，为可数名词，通常用复数形式。表示“有……长/宽/高”时，为不及物动词，不用于被动语态和进行时态；如果此意义的短语作后置定语，要用现在分词形式。
3.psitin n.位置；职位，地位；姿势；状况，处境(教材P50)
►写出下列句中psitin的含义
①Can yu find ur psitin n this map？位置
②My husband has a gd psitin in a gvernment ffice.职位
③Make sure that yu are wrking in a cmfrtable psitin.姿势
④What wuld yu d if in my psitin？状况，处境
·The bks are all ut f psitin.Put them back in psitin.
这些书放的位置不对，把它们放在适当的位置。
·At present she hlds the psitin f sales manager in a large cmpany.
现在她在一家大公司担任销售经理的职务。
【例题】
⑤We are nw in a gd psitin where all is in ur hands.
⑥The chairs are all ut f psitin.We shuld mve them away.
用法总结
in 处于……的地位/处境
in/ut f psitin 在/不在适当的位置
hld the psitin f 担任……的职务
【拓展】
psitin作先行词时，其后的定语从句多由where引导；在in/ut f psitin短语中，psitin是不可数名词，前面不可用冠词。
4.determine v.测定，确定；决定，决心
·These tw pieces f infrmatin—the time f day and the pint where the sun is in the sky—allw the butterfly t determine the way t g.(教材P50～51)
【例题】
①If we are nt careful, we culd face a kind f glbal chess match against very determined，super and intelligent machines.
②Chinese players have the determinatin t win mre gld medals in the next Olympic Games.
单词一族
determined adj.有决心的；果断的
determinatin n. 决心，决定
用法总结
determine t d sth 决心做某事(表动作)
determine n/upn (ding) sth 决定(做)某事
be determined t d sth 决心做某事(表状态)
5.amazing adj.惊人的，了不起的
·The slutin t the mystery f the mnarch’s amazing ability cmes at a time when it is in serius truble.(教材P51)
帝王斑蝶令人惊叹的能力之谜在它陷入严重困境之际得到了解决。
【例题】
①I find it amazing that yu dn’t knw abut Jay Chu.
②It amazed me t learn that the sixteen-year-ld by shuld be a cmputer expert.
③When he heard smene calling his name, he lked back in amazement.
►补全句子
④We were__amazed__t__find that n ne was hurt.
我们很惊讶地发现没有人受伤。
单词一族
amaze vt. 使吃惊
amazed adj. 感到惊奇的
amazement n. 惊讶
用法总结
(1)be amazed at/by 对……很惊奇
be amazed t d sth 对做某事感到惊奇
(2)(much) t ne’s amazement 令某人(非常)惊讶的是
in amazement 惊讶地；惊奇地
【拓展】
amazing指“令人吃惊的”，强调某人/某事物给他人的感受；而amazed表示本身的感觉，并不强调对他人的影响，多指“(人)感到吃惊的”，有时也可修饰lk/expressin/smile/tears/vice等词。
6.survive vi.活下来；幸存vt.幸免于；从……中逃生(教材P51)
【例题】
①The man’s survival was surprising，as the dctrs thught he wuld die.
②It’s hard fr my family t survive n ￡40 a week.
③Many birds didn’t survive__the__cld__winter (在寒冷的冬天活下来).
单词一族
survival n. 幸存
survivr n. 幸存者
用法总结
survive sb by... 比某人多活……
survive n sth... 靠……继续维持生活
survive frm 从……存活下来；从……流传下来
拓展
survive作不及物动词，后跟介词frm或n构成短语；作为及物动词，表示“幸存”时，宾语为地震、事故、袭击、疾病、霜冻等名词；表示“比某人长命”时，以人作宾语。
7.effect n.影响，结果
·Then use the sentences t cmplete the “cause-effect” flw charts.(教材P52)
【例题】
①The cnference has been held t discuss the effects f turism n the wildlife in the area.
②Playing table tennis makes me mre energetic and effective(effect) in my study.
③We want t knw whether the drug has__an__effect__n peple’s health.
我们想知道这药对人们的健康是否有影响。
单词一族
effective adj. 有效的
用法总结
have an effect n 对……有影响/起作用
cme int effect 生效，开始实施
take effect 开始起作用，见效
1.cut dwn砍倒；削减，减少
·They cut dwn trees and use chemicals that kill the plants that mnarch caterpillars eat.(教材P51)
他们砍伐树木，使用能够杀死帝王斑蝶幼虫赖以为生的植物的化学品。
【例题】
①Dn’t cut in when thers are talking.
②We were cut ff in the middle f ur telephne cnversatin.
③Please cut the apple up int equal pieces.
④Tm has been asked t have the tree cut dwn.
短语记牢
cut in 插入，插嘴
cut ff 切断；使隔绝
cut up 切碎
2.lead t引起；导致；通向
·The research n the mnarch’s behaviur has hwever led t a greater awareness f this creature.(教材P51)
然而，对帝王斑蝶行为的研究使人们对这种生物有了更好的认识。
【例题】
①His carelessness led t him lsing (lse) the gd chance.
②Culd yu d me a favr and lead me t the bus statin?
③Her cnstant lying led me t__distrust (distrust)everything she said.
④众所周知，条条大路通罗马。
As__we__all__knw/As__is__knwn__t__all,__all__rads__lead__t__Rme.
短语记牢
lead sb t d sth 使得某人去做某事
lead sb t... 带领某人去……
名师提醒
含介词t的动词短语还有：
(1)be used t 习惯于
(2)pay attentin t 注意
(3)lk frward t 期望，盼望
(4)refer t 提到，谈到，参考
The mre we knw abut this lvely creature, the greater the chance it will survive.(教材P51)
我们对这个精美的生物了解得越多，它生存的机会越大。
【分析】 “the＋比较级，the＋比较级”结构的用法：
(1)“the＋比较级，the＋比较级”表示“越……，就越……”，表示一方的程度随着另一方的变化而变化，the用在形容词或副词的比较级前。
(2)前一个“the＋比较级”通常相当于比较状语从句或条件状语从句，后一个“the＋比较级”通常相当于主句。
(3)在通常情况下，如果主、从句中的谓语动词是系动词be，而且主语不是代词，be常省略。
【拓展】 “比较级＋and＋比较级”表示“越来越……”。
·The mre careful yu are, the fewer mistakes yu’ll make.
你越仔细，犯的错误就越少。
·The taller the tree (is), the strnger the wind (is).树大招风。
·With summer cming, the day is becming lnger and lnger.
随着夏天的到来，白天变得越来越长。
【例题】
①The__mre__bks yu read, the__mre__knwledge yu’ll gain.
你读的书越多，你就会获得越多的知识。
②He is mre__and__mre__independent as he grws up.
随着他长大，他越来越独立了。
③The mre，the__better.
多多益善。
【基础练习】
Every autumn, millins f the Nrth American mnarch butterflies manage 1.t__travel (travel) arund 4，000 kilmetres suth and find their way t places 2.where they will spend the winter.
A team f scientists 3.led (lead) by Prfessr Eli Schlizerman at the University f Washingtn has fund that the mnarch is able t tell the time f the day and then uses its eyes t measure the psitin f the sun.These tw pieces f infrmatin allw the butterfly t determine (determine) the way t g.
The slutin5. t the mystery f the mnarch’s amazing ability cmes at a time 6. when its ppulatin has crashed by as much as 90 per cent in the last few (sad), human activity is the main reasn 8.why the number f mnarch butterflies is falling.
The research n the mnarch’s behaviur 9.has led(lead) t hwever a greater10. awareness (aware)f this creature.The mre we knw abut these lvely creatures, the greater the chance they will survive.
【强化练习】
Seen frm space, the earth is a pale blue dt.__1__ But mst f that water—arund 97%—is salty.Of the 3% that is fresh water which is man needs t drink, wash, make things and prduce fd.In shrt, useful water is t little, while the useless kind is t much.S why is the sea salty?
The salt in the cean mstly gt there as the result f a prcess called weathering (侵蚀), which takes mineral salts frm rcks n land int the sea.__2__ It cntains small amunts f carbn dixide absrbed frm the air.This makes rainwater very slightly acidic (酸性的).When rainwater falls n land, sme minerals melt frm rcks int the water, separating int charged particles called ins (离子).These ins then travel alng with the water int streams, rivers and eventually int the cean.Many f these mineral ins are remved frm the sea water by sea plants and animals, but thers remain in the water.Over 90% f the ins in sea water, accunting fr abut 3% f the cean by weight, are sdium and chlrine ins.__3__ Therefre, the sea water is salty.
__4__ It makes sme wet parts f the wrld wetter and dry parts drier.S demand fr fresh water will increase in the cming years.Half the wrld’s ppulatin is expected t live in water-stressed areas by 2050.Better water-management plicies and mre water-efficient agricultural practices are needed.Imprvements t desalinatin (脱盐) technlgy wuld help t.__5__“If we culd get fresh water frm salt water in a cheaper way，” said President Jhn F.Kennedy in 1961, “that wuld be in the lng interest f man.”
A.Rain is nt pure water.
B.Climate change causes “glbal drying”.
C.Tw-thirds f its surface is cvered by water.
D.They are the chemical parts f cmmn salt.
E.It carries water away while leaving minerals behind.
F.This wuld allw mankind t use salty water mre cnveniently.
G.Hwever，the salt in the ceans becmes mre and mre cncentrated.
【语篇解读】 本文主要解释了海水咸的原因。
1.C [根据前面的“the earth is a pale blue dt”和后面的“But mst f that water—arund 97%—is salty”可知，C项“地球三分之二的表面被水覆盖”符合语境。]
2.A [根据后面的“carbn dixide absrbed frm the air”和rainwater可知，雨水不是纯水，而是携带了少量从空气中吸收的二氧化碳；这使得雨水有非常轻微的酸性。]
3.D [根据前面的“sdium and chlrine ins”和后面的“Therefre，the sea water is salty”可知，其九成为钠离子和氯离子，此乃食盐的化学成分，故海水是咸的。]
4.B [根据后面的“wet parts f the wrld wetter and dry parts drier”可知，气候变化带来的“全球干旱”，使得湿润的地方更湿润，干旱的地方更干旱，淡水短缺现象会进一步恶化。]
5.F [根据前面的“Imprvements t desalinatin(脱盐) technlgy wuld help t”和后面的“get fresh water frm salt water”可知，对海水淡化技术进行改进也十分有必要，这会让人类更方便地利用海水。]
Ⅲ.完形填空
There was nce a bat(蝙蝠) wh thught it was just a terrible amunt f effrt t g ut and catch flies.He was a lver f __1__.One day，when he __2__lk thrugh a windw，he saw a bird in its __3__， wh was given all its fd and water __4__ having t d anything at all.The bat decided t becme a child’s __5__.
S the bat __6__ his all ld habits.He gt up in the early mrning t fly t parks __7__he culd be fund by sme child wh might __8__him as a pet.Hwever，as bats aren’t __9__， the children paid him little attentin.The bat decided t __10__his appearance(外表).He stuck lts f feathers(羽毛) t his bdy.__11__，he met a little by wh was s shrt-sighted that this __12__black little bird’s funny appearance didn’t really matter.
The bat was __13__in his cage.There he felt like the __14__f all bats，and certainly the cleverest.But that __15__lasted nly up t the time he started feeling __16__.When he wanted t __17__，there were n flies fr him，nly plenty f birdseed and cereal he didn’t like at all.Finally，the bat chse t die frm hunger and __18__ t eat that bird fd.
Sme days later，the bat managed t __19__the cage and return hme.He was s__20__that he didn’t tell anyne what had happened.
【语篇解读】 本文是记叙文。文章讲述了一只想当宠物的蝙蝠的故事。
B.nature
C.cmfrt D.truble
答案 C [由蝙蝠认为出去找食物是件很辛苦的事和它羡慕笼中鸟的生活可知，这只蝙蝠贪图“安逸(cmfrt)”。]
t B.seemed t
C.had t D.happened t
答案 D [有一天，这只蝙蝠“碰巧(happened t)”看到笼子里的鸟。]
B.huse
C.rm D.frest
答案 A [由下文的in his cage可知。]
B.by
C.withut D.fr
答案 C [笼中鸟“不用(withut)”做任何事就可以得到食物和水。]
B.friend
C.wner D.ty
答案 A [由下文的wh might ________ him as a pet可知，蝙蝠想成为小孩的“宠物(pet)”。]
B.changed
C.frmed D.finished
答案 B [蝙蝠本是夜间活动的动物，根据下文的He gt up in the early mrning t fly t parks可知，蝙蝠“改变(changed)”了原有的生活习惯。]
B.but
C.r D.s
答案 D [蝙蝠早上飞到公园是为了让小孩发现他，故此处选用s。]
B.keep
C.sell D.buy
答案 B [由as a pet可知，小孩也许会把蝙蝠当宠物来“饲养(keep)”。]
B.big
C.busy D.attractive
答案 D [由下文的the children paid him little attentin可知，蝙蝠没有“吸引力(attractive)”。]
B.save
C.imprve D.frget
答案 C [由下文的He stuck lts f feathers(羽毛) t his bdy可知，蝙蝠决定“改善(imprve)”它的外表。]
B.Sadly
C.Luckily D.Hpelessly
答案 C [蝙蝠被一个小男孩饲养，由此可知是“幸运地(Luckily)”。]
B.strange-lking
C.hard-wrking D.kind-hearted
答案 B [由funny appearance可知，沾满羽毛的蝙蝠“外表很奇怪(strange-lking)”。]
B.happy
C.interested D.tired
答案 B [当上宠物的蝙蝠，自然在笼子里很“高兴(happy)”。]
B.ldest
C.best D.funniest
答案 C [由下文的certainly the cleverest可知，这只蝙蝠认为它是蝙蝠里最棒和最聪明的。]
B.attentin
C.dream D.feeling
答案 D [此处描述蝙蝠自我感觉良好的“心情(feeling)”持续了一段时间。]
B.ht
C.hungry D.sleepy
答案 C [由下文的n plenty f birdseed and cereal可知，蝙蝠“饿(hungry)”了。]
B.sing
C.eat D.drink
答案 C [蝙蝠“饿(hungry)”了，想“吃(eat)”东西。]
B.asked
C.tried D.remembered
答案 A [由上文的chse t die frm hunger可知，不喜欢鸟食的蝙蝠“拒绝(refused)”吃鸟食。]
int B.escape frm
C.set up D.clean up
答案 B [由下文的return hme可知，蝙蝠设法“逃离(escape frm)”了笼子。]
B.excited
C.pleased D.wrried
答案 A [由下文的he didn’t tell anyne what had happened可知，蝙蝠对它的经历感到很“羞愧(ashamed)”。]
重点词汇
seek measure psitin determine slutin amazing crash destry survive effect surce recver shck element cncentrate freeze stareimage reactin
重点短语
2.the slutin t……解决办法
3.human activity人类活动
4.cut dwn trees砍树
5.brave the elements勇往直前
6.be famus fr因……而著名
7.be knwn fr因……而著名
8.at a speed f以……的速度
9.cncentrate n专心于，把思想集中于
10.recver frm从 ……中恢复； 痊愈
11.shw respect t尊重某人
12.after all毕竟，别忘了；终究，居然，竟然
重点句型结构
1.Eventually,it manages t reach the places where it will spend the winter.
句型：where引导的定语从句
2.The slutin t the mystery f the mnarch’s amazing ability cmes at a time when it is in serius truble.
句型：when引导的定语从句
3.Sadly, human activity is the main reasn why the number f mnarch butterflies is falling.
句型：
①why引导的定语从句
②the number f +复数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数
③A number f+复数名词作主语，谓语动词用复数
4.Peple have been wrking tgether t recrd its migratin and make sure that there are enugh plants fr it t feed n.
句型：
①have been wrking是现在完成进行时
②be enugh+名词+（frsb.）td.
5.The mre we knw abut this lvely creature, the greater the chance it will survive and keep its place in the natural wrld fr a lng time t cme.
句型：the+比较级……，the+比较级……
语法知识
关系副词在句子中有双重作用，一方面把定语从句和主句连接起来，一方面在定语从句中充当状语作用。
关系副词包括when，where，why。
when在定语从句中用作时间状语，其先行词须是表时间的名词。where在定语从句中用作地点状语，其先行词须是表地点的名词。why在定语从句中用作原因状语，其先行词一般是reasn(s)。
I’ll never frget the day when I first met yu.
我永远不会忘记第一次见你的那天。
I went t have a lk at the rm where I was t talk that afternn.
我去看了一下地方，当天下午我要在那里讲话。
We dn’t knw the reasn why he didn’t shw up.
我们不知道他为什么没有来。
1．掌握第五单元单词和相应的变形。
2．复习并掌握限制性定语从句关系副词的用法。
趣味导入：
Have yu travelled t anwhere that is far frm the twn, the frest r the desert?
Tell us abut smething new abut the wild.
Can yu make sme suggestins n hw t prtect the wildlife, give sme examples.
知识点精析
The Mnarch’s Jurney
Many animals mve frm ne place t anther at certain times f the year.This annual mvement is called migratin.They migrate t find fd, seek a partner, r in search f warmer weather.One f the mst wnderful migratins in nature is that f the Nrth American mnarch butterfly.
Every autumn, millins f these beautiful insects with fine black and range wings begin a lng and difficult jurney.Smehw they manage t travel arund 4，000 kilmetres suth and find their way t Califrnia r Mexic.Hwever, until recently n ne knew (1)hw they did this.
A team f scientists(2) led by Prfessr Eli Shlizerman at the University f Washingtn has nw fund the answer.They have fund ut that the mnarch is able t tell the time f day.It uses its eyes t measure the psitin f the sun.These tw pieces f infrmatin—the time f day and the pint (3)where the sun is in the sky—allw the butterfly t determine the way t g.Eventually, it manages t reach the places where it will spend the winter.
The slutin t the mystery f the mnarch’s amazing ability cmes at a time (4)when it is in serius truble.Its ppulatin has crashed by as much as 90 per cent in the last few years.Sadly, human activity is the main reasn (5)why the number f mnarch butterflies is falling.In many f the places where the butterfly can be fund, peple are destrying the natural envirnment.They cut dwn trees and use chemicals that kill the plants (6)that mnarch caterpillars eat.
The research n the mnarch’s behaviur has hwever led t a greater awareness f this creature.Peple have been wrking tgether t recrd its migratin and make sure (7)that there are enugh plants fr it t feed n.If this wrks, there may cme a time when the number f mnarch butterflies increases nce again.(8)The mre we knw abut this lvely creature, the greater the chance it will survive and keep its place in the natural wrld fr a lng time t cme.
文章翻译：
许多动物都会在每年的特定时间从一个地方迁移到另一个地方。这种一年一度的行为叫做“迁徙”。它们为了觅食、寻找伴侣或温暖的环境而迁徙。自然界中最壮观的迁徙之一是北美洲黑脉金斑蝶的迁徙。
每年秋天，数百万这种翅膀橙黑相间的美丽昆虫都会开始漫长而艰辛的旅程。它们总是设法完成大约4000公里的南行之旅，成功到达加利福尼亚或墨西哥。然而，直到最近人们才明白它们是如何做到的。
一支由伊莱·史莱泽曼教授领导的来自华盛顿大学的科学家团队现已找到了答案。他们发现，黑脉金斑蝶可以判断时间，并能用眼睛来测量太阳的位置。这两条信息——一天中的时间和太阳在天空中的位置——让黑脉金斑蝶判定前进方向，最终成功抵达过冬的地点。
黑脉金斑蝶这一惊人能力的奥秘被揭晓时，这一生物正处于水深火热的生存状态中。其数量在近几年内减少了百分之九十之多。可悲的是，人类活动是黑脉金斑蝶数量下降的主要原因。在黑脉金斑蝶生存的许多地方，人们正破坏着那里的自然环境。他们砍伐树木，他们所用的化学制剂杀死了黑脉金斑蝶幼虫食用的植物。
不过，对黑脉金斑蝶行为的研究也使得人们对这种生物有了更多的认识。人们已经在共同努力，记录它的迁徙，并确保它有足够的食物。如果这些努力产生效果，黑脉金斑蝶的数量在未来有可能会再次回升。我们对这个可爱的生物了解越多，它们在自然界中得以长久生存并保持其地位的可能性就越大。
(1)hw引导的宾语从句作knew的宾语，hw在从句中作方式状语。
(2)过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰scientists。
(3)where引导定语从句，修饰先行词pint，在从句中作地点状语。
(4)when引导定语从句，修饰先行词time，在从句中作时间状语。
(5)why引导定语从句，修饰先行词reasn，在从句中作原因状语。
(6)that引导定语从句，修饰先行词plants，在从句中作宾语。
(7)that引导宾语从句，作make sure的宾语。
(8)此处为“the＋比较级..., the＋比较级...”句式，意为“越……就越……”。
1.seek v.寻找；寻求
·They migrate t find fd, seek a partner, r in search f warmer weather.
(教材P50)它们迁徙是为了寻找食物，寻找伴侣，或者寻找更温暖的天气。
【例题】
①Seeking fr t much fame made him unppular.
②Nw a number f cllege graduates are seeking t__get (get) a high-paid jb.
③Many peple spend years seeking__(fr)__peace__f__mind,__ften with little success.很多人年复一年地寻求心灵的平静，却很难如愿以偿。
用法总结
seek (fr) sth 寻找/追求某物
seek ut 找出；搜出
seek t d sth 设法做某事
2.measure vt.量，测量；评估vi.有……长/宽n.尺寸；措施
【例题】
①Educatin shuldn’t be__measured (measure) nly by examinatin results.
②The gvernment has taken measures t__bring (bring) dwn the high prices f huse.
③In the ld days, my mther always made new clthes t my wn measure with the Spring Festival cming.
④The new bridge under cnstructin, measuring (measure) twice as lng as the ld ne, will be cmpleted next mnth.
用法总结
ne’s measure 按照某人的尺寸做(衣服等)
take measures t d sth 采取措施做某事
【拓展】
measure作“尺寸”讲时，常用作不可数名词；而作“措施”讲时，为可数名词，通常用复数形式。表示“有……长/宽/高”时，为不及物动词，不用于被动语态和进行时态；如果此意义的短语作后置定语，要用现在分词形式。
3.psitin n.位置；职位，地位；姿势；状况，处境(教材P50)
►写出下列句中psitin的含义
①Can yu find ur psitin n this map？位置
②My husband has a gd psitin in a gvernment ffice.职位
③Make sure that yu are wrking in a cmfrtable psitin.姿势
④What wuld yu d if in my psitin？状况，处境
·The bks are all ut f psitin.Put them back in psitin.
这些书放的位置不对，把它们放在适当的位置。
·At present she hlds the psitin f sales manager in a large cmpany.
现在她在一家大公司担任销售经理的职务。
【例题】
⑤We are nw in a gd psitin where all is in ur hands.
⑥The chairs are all ut f psitin.We shuld mve them away.
用法总结
in 处于……的地位/处境
in/ut f psitin 在/不在适当的位置
hld the psitin f 担任……的职务
【拓展】
psitin作先行词时，其后的定语从句多由where引导；在in/ut f psitin短语中，psitin是不可数名词，前面不可用冠词。
4.determine v.测定，确定；决定，决心
·These tw pieces f infrmatin—the time f day and the pint where the sun is in the sky—allw the butterfly t determine the way t g.(教材P50～51)
【例题】
①If we are nt careful, we culd face a kind f glbal chess match against very determined，super and intelligent machines.
②Chinese players have the determinatin t win mre gld medals in the next Olympic Games.
单词一族
determined adj.有决心的；果断的
determinatin n. 决心，决定
用法总结
determine t d sth 决心做某事(表动作)
determine n/upn (ding) sth 决定(做)某事
be determined t d sth 决心做某事(表状态)
5.amazing adj.惊人的，了不起的
·The slutin t the mystery f the mnarch’s amazing ability cmes at a time when it is in serius truble.(教材P51)
帝王斑蝶令人惊叹的能力之谜在它陷入严重困境之际得到了解决。
【例题】
①I find it amazing that yu dn’t knw abut Jay Chu.
②It amazed me t learn that the sixteen-year-ld by shuld be a cmputer expert.
③When he heard smene calling his name, he lked back in amazement.
►补全句子
④We were__amazed__t__find that n ne was hurt.
我们很惊讶地发现没有人受伤。
单词一族
amaze vt. 使吃惊
amazed adj. 感到惊奇的
amazement n. 惊讶
用法总结
(1)be amazed at/by 对……很惊奇
be amazed t d sth 对做某事感到惊奇
(2)(much) t ne’s amazement 令某人(非常)惊讶的是
in amazement 惊讶地；惊奇地
【拓展】
amazing指“令人吃惊的”，强调某人/某事物给他人的感受；而amazed表示本身的感觉，并不强调对他人的影响，多指“(人)感到吃惊的”，有时也可修饰lk/expressin/smile/tears/vice等词。
6.survive vi.活下来；幸存vt.幸免于；从……中逃生(教材P51)
【例题】
①The man’s survival was surprising，as the dctrs thught he wuld die.
②It’s hard fr my family t survive n ￡40 a week.
③Many birds didn’t survive__the__cld__winter (在寒冷的冬天活下来).
单词一族
survival n. 幸存
survivr n. 幸存者
用法总结
survive sb by... 比某人多活……
survive n sth... 靠……继续维持生活
survive frm 从……存活下来；从……流传下来
拓展
survive作不及物动词，后跟介词frm或n构成短语；作为及物动词，表示“幸存”时，宾语为地震、事故、袭击、疾病、霜冻等名词；表示“比某人长命”时，以人作宾语。
7.effect n.影响，结果
·Then use the sentences t cmplete the “cause-effect” flw charts.(教材P52)
【例题】
①The cnference has been held t discuss the effects f turism n the wildlife in the area.
②Playing table tennis makes me mre energetic and effective(effect) in my study.
③We want t knw whether the drug has__an__effect__n peple’s health.
我们想知道这药对人们的健康是否有影响。
单词一族
effective adj. 有效的
用法总结
have an effect n 对……有影响/起作用
cme int effect 生效，开始实施
take effect 开始起作用，见效
1.cut dwn砍倒；削减，减少
·They cut dwn trees and use chemicals that kill the plants that mnarch caterpillars eat.(教材P51)
他们砍伐树木，使用能够杀死帝王斑蝶幼虫赖以为生的植物的化学品。
【例题】
①Dn’t cut in when thers are talking.
②We were cut ff in the middle f ur telephne cnversatin.
③Please cut the apple up int equal pieces.
④Tm has been asked t have the tree cut dwn.
短语记牢
cut in 插入，插嘴
cut ff 切断；使隔绝
cut up 切碎
2.lead t引起；导致；通向
·The research n the mnarch’s behaviur has hwever led t a greater awareness f this creature.(教材P51)
然而，对帝王斑蝶行为的研究使人们对这种生物有了更好的认识。
【例题】
①His carelessness led t him lsing (lse) the gd chance.
②Culd yu d me a favr and lead me t the bus statin?
③Her cnstant lying led me t__distrust (distrust)everything she said.
④众所周知，条条大路通罗马。
As__we__all__knw/As__is__knwn__t__all,__all__rads__lead__t__Rme.
短语记牢
lead sb t d sth 使得某人去做某事
lead sb t... 带领某人去……
名师提醒
含介词t的动词短语还有：
(1)be used t 习惯于
(2)pay attentin t 注意
(3)lk frward t 期望，盼望
(4)refer t 提到，谈到，参考
The mre we knw abut this lvely creature, the greater the chance it will survive.(教材P51)
我们对这个精美的生物了解得越多，它生存的机会越大。
【分析】 “the＋比较级，the＋比较级”结构的用法：
(1)“the＋比较级，the＋比较级”表示“越……，就越……”，表示一方的程度随着另一方的变化而变化，the用在形容词或副词的比较级前。
(2)前一个“the＋比较级”通常相当于比较状语从句或条件状语从句，后一个“the＋比较级”通常相当于主句。
(3)在通常情况下，如果主、从句中的谓语动词是系动词be，而且主语不是代词，be常省略。
【拓展】 “比较级＋and＋比较级”表示“越来越……”。
·The mre careful yu are, the fewer mistakes yu’ll make.
你越仔细，犯的错误就越少。
·The taller the tree (is), the strnger the wind (is).树大招风。
·With summer cming, the day is becming lnger and lnger.
随着夏天的到来，白天变得越来越长。
【例题】
①The__mre__bks yu read, the__mre__knwledge yu’ll gain.
你读的书越多，你就会获得越多的知识。
②He is mre__and__mre__independent as he grws up.
随着他长大，他越来越独立了。
③The mre，the__better.
多多益善。
【基础练习】
Every autumn, millins f the Nrth American mnarch butterflies manage 1.t__travel (travel) arund 4，000 kilmetres suth and find their way t places 2.where they will spend the winter.
A team f scientists 3.led (lead) by Prfessr Eli Schlizerman at the University f Washingtn has fund that the mnarch is able t tell the time f the day and then uses its eyes t measure the psitin f the sun.These tw pieces f infrmatin allw the butterfly t determine (determine) the way t g.
The slutin5. t the mystery f the mnarch’s amazing ability cmes at a time 6. when its ppulatin has crashed by as much as 90 per cent in the last few (sad), human activity is the main reasn 8.why the number f mnarch butterflies is falling.
The research n the mnarch’s behaviur 9.has led(lead) t hwever a greater10. awareness (aware)f this creature.The mre we knw abut these lvely creatures, the greater the chance they will survive.
【强化练习】
Seen frm space, the earth is a pale blue dt.__1__ But mst f that water—arund 97%—is salty.Of the 3% that is fresh water which is man needs t drink, wash, make things and prduce fd.In shrt, useful water is t little, while the useless kind is t much.S why is the sea salty?
The salt in the cean mstly gt there as the result f a prcess called weathering (侵蚀), which takes mineral salts frm rcks n land int the sea.__2__ It cntains small amunts f carbn dixide absrbed frm the air.This makes rainwater very slightly acidic (酸性的).When rainwater falls n land, sme minerals melt frm rcks int the water, separating int charged particles called ins (离子).These ins then travel alng with the water int streams, rivers and eventually int the cean.Many f these mineral ins are remved frm the sea water by sea plants and animals, but thers remain in the water.Over 90% f the ins in sea water, accunting fr abut 3% f the cean by weight, are sdium and chlrine ins.__3__ Therefre, the sea water is salty.
__4__ It makes sme wet parts f the wrld wetter and dry parts drier.S demand fr fresh water will increase in the cming years.Half the wrld’s ppulatin is expected t live in water-stressed areas by 2050.Better water-management plicies and mre water-efficient agricultural practices are needed.Imprvements t desalinatin (脱盐) technlgy wuld help t.__5__“If we culd get fresh water frm salt water in a cheaper way，” said President Jhn F.Kennedy in 1961, “that wuld be in the lng interest f man.”
A.Rain is nt pure water.
B.Climate change causes “glbal drying”.
C.Tw-thirds f its surface is cvered by water.
D.They are the chemical parts f cmmn salt.
E.It carries water away while leaving minerals behind.
F.This wuld allw mankind t use salty water mre cnveniently.
G.Hwever，the salt in the ceans becmes mre and mre cncentrated.
【语篇解读】 本文主要解释了海水咸的原因。
1.C [根据前面的“the earth is a pale blue dt”和后面的“But mst f that water—arund 97%—is salty”可知，C项“地球三分之二的表面被水覆盖”符合语境。]
2.A [根据后面的“carbn dixide absrbed frm the air”和rainwater可知，雨水不是纯水，而是携带了少量从空气中吸收的二氧化碳；这使得雨水有非常轻微的酸性。]
3.D [根据前面的“sdium and chlrine ins”和后面的“Therefre，the sea water is salty”可知，其九成为钠离子和氯离子，此乃食盐的化学成分，故海水是咸的。]
4.B [根据后面的“wet parts f the wrld wetter and dry parts drier”可知，气候变化带来的“全球干旱”，使得湿润的地方更湿润，干旱的地方更干旱，淡水短缺现象会进一步恶化。]
5.F [根据前面的“Imprvements t desalinatin(脱盐) technlgy wuld help t”和后面的“get fresh water frm salt water”可知，对海水淡化技术进行改进也十分有必要，这会让人类更方便地利用海水。]
Ⅲ.完形填空
There was nce a bat(蝙蝠) wh thught it was just a terrible amunt f effrt t g ut and catch flies.He was a lver f __1__.One day，when he __2__lk thrugh a windw，he saw a bird in its __3__， wh was given all its fd and water __4__ having t d anything at all.The bat decided t becme a child’s __5__.
S the bat __6__ his all ld habits.He gt up in the early mrning t fly t parks __7__he culd be fund by sme child wh might __8__him as a pet.Hwever，as bats aren’t __9__， the children paid him little attentin.The bat decided t __10__his appearance(外表).He stuck lts f feathers(羽毛) t his bdy.__11__，he met a little by wh was s shrt-sighted that this __12__black little bird’s funny appearance didn’t really matter.
The bat was __13__in his cage.There he felt like the __14__f all bats，and certainly the cleverest.But that __15__lasted nly up t the time he started feeling __16__.When he wanted t __17__，there were n flies fr him，nly plenty f birdseed and cereal he didn’t like at all.Finally，the bat chse t die frm hunger and __18__ t eat that bird fd.
Sme days later，the bat managed t __19__the cage and return hme.He was s__20__that he didn’t tell anyne what had happened.
【语篇解读】 本文是记叙文。文章讲述了一只想当宠物的蝙蝠的故事。
B.nature
C.cmfrt D.truble
答案 C [由蝙蝠认为出去找食物是件很辛苦的事和它羡慕笼中鸟的生活可知，这只蝙蝠贪图“安逸(cmfrt)”。]
t B.seemed t
C.had t D.happened t
答案 D [有一天，这只蝙蝠“碰巧(happened t)”看到笼子里的鸟。]
B.huse
C.rm D.frest
答案 A [由下文的in his cage可知。]
B.by
C.withut D.fr
答案 C [笼中鸟“不用(withut)”做任何事就可以得到食物和水。]
B.friend
C.wner D.ty
答案 A [由下文的wh might ________ him as a pet可知，蝙蝠想成为小孩的“宠物(pet)”。]
B.changed
C.frmed D.finished
答案 B [蝙蝠本是夜间活动的动物，根据下文的He gt up in the early mrning t fly t parks可知，蝙蝠“改变(changed)”了原有的生活习惯。]
B.but
C.r D.s
答案 D [蝙蝠早上飞到公园是为了让小孩发现他，故此处选用s。]
B.keep
C.sell D.buy
答案 B [由as a pet可知，小孩也许会把蝙蝠当宠物来“饲养(keep)”。]
B.big
C.busy D.attractive
答案 D [由下文的the children paid him little attentin可知，蝙蝠没有“吸引力(attractive)”。]
B.save
C.imprve D.frget
答案 C [由下文的He stuck lts f feathers(羽毛) t his bdy可知，蝙蝠决定“改善(imprve)”它的外表。]
B.Sadly
C.Luckily D.Hpelessly
答案 C [蝙蝠被一个小男孩饲养，由此可知是“幸运地(Luckily)”。]
B.strange-lking
C.hard-wrking D.kind-hearted
答案 B [由funny appearance可知，沾满羽毛的蝙蝠“外表很奇怪(strange-lking)”。]
B.happy
C.interested D.tired
答案 B [当上宠物的蝙蝠，自然在笼子里很“高兴(happy)”。]
B.ldest
C.best D.funniest
答案 C [由下文的certainly the cleverest可知，这只蝙蝠认为它是蝙蝠里最棒和最聪明的。]
B.attentin
C.dream D.feeling
答案 D [此处描述蝙蝠自我感觉良好的“心情(feeling)”持续了一段时间。]
B.ht
C.hungry D.sleepy
答案 C [由下文的n plenty f birdseed and cereal可知，蝙蝠“饿(hungry)”了。]
B.sing
C.eat D.drink
答案 C [蝙蝠“饿(hungry)”了，想“吃(eat)”东西。]
B.asked
C.tried D.remembered
答案 A [由上文的chse t die frm hunger可知，不喜欢鸟食的蝙蝠“拒绝(refused)”吃鸟食。]
int B.escape frm
C.set up D.clean up
答案 B [由下文的return hme可知，蝙蝠设法“逃离(escape frm)”了笼子。]
B.excited
C.pleased D.wrried
答案 A [由下文的he didn’t tell anyne what had happened可知，蝙蝠对它的经历感到很“羞愧(ashamed)”。]
重点词汇
seek measure psitin determine slutin amazing crash destry survive effect surce recver shck element cncentrate freeze stareimage reactin
重点短语
2.the slutin t……解决办法
3.human activity人类活动
4.cut dwn trees砍树
5.brave the elements勇往直前
6.be famus fr因……而著名
7.be knwn fr因……而著名
8.at a speed f以……的速度
9.cncentrate n专心于，把思想集中于
10.recver frm从 ……中恢复； 痊愈
11.shw respect t尊重某人
12.after all毕竟，别忘了；终究，居然，竟然
重点句型结构
1.Eventually,it manages t reach the places where it will spend the winter.
句型：where引导的定语从句
2.The slutin t the mystery f the mnarch’s amazing ability cmes at a time when it is in serius truble.
句型：when引导的定语从句
3.Sadly, human activity is the main reasn why the number f mnarch butterflies is falling.
句型：
①why引导的定语从句
②the number f +复数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数
③A number f+复数名词作主语，谓语动词用复数
4.Peple have been wrking tgether t recrd its migratin and make sure that there are enugh plants fr it t feed n.
句型：
①have been wrking是现在完成进行时
②be enugh+名词+（frsb.）td.
5.The mre we knw abut this lvely creature, the greater the chance it will survive and keep its place in the natural wrld fr a lng time t cme.
句型：the+比较级……，the+比较级……
语法知识
关系副词在句子中有双重作用，一方面把定语从句和主句连接起来，一方面在定语从句中充当状语作用。
关系副词包括when，where，why。
when在定语从句中用作时间状语，其先行词须是表时间的名词。where在定语从句中用作地点状语，其先行词须是表地点的名词。why在定语从句中用作原因状语，其先行词一般是reasn(s)。
I’ll never frget the day when I first met yu.
我永远不会忘记第一次见你的那天。
I went t have a lk at the rm where I was t talk that afternn.
我去看了一下地方，当天下午我要在那里讲话。
We dn’t knw the reasn why he didn’t shw up.
我们不知道他为什么没有来。
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