外研版高考英语一轮复习选择性必修第四册 Unit4 Everyday economics练习含答案

这是一份外研版高考英语一轮复习选择性必修第四册 Unit4 Everyday economics练习含答案，共13页。

Digital harding(als knwn as e-harding r data harding) means accumulating(积累) a large quantity f electrnic materials,even thugh it is n lnger valuable t the user.
Antinette,25,said,“Thugh nt well-rganized,the WhatsApp chat with my best friends in high schl will never be deleted.It’s interesting lking back at the start f the relatinship s many years ag and wh I was then,and I can see hw the relatinship has changed.”
Besides the “friends” we keep n scial media,digital files,flders,music,mvies and cmputer prgrams are als frms f digital harding.Bth undergraduates and graduates expressed feeling verwhelmed with masses f technlgical leftver data:lecture ntes,PwerPint slides,PDFs f research,snapshts f classrm whitebards — nt t mentin their wn ever-increasing Meta friends they didn’t knw but were afraid f unfriending.
I am als a digital harder.My first hme screen is filled with apps I use every day—Meta,Sptify,Twitter,Outlk,Weather,etc.My secnd hme screen has apps that I dn’t use quite as much,but still want within easy reach—billing apps,shpping,and smart hme apps.My third hme screen is where things get cmplex and ut f cntrl,just a mess f games,business-related apps,and a tn f miscellaneus data that are hard t be gruped int ne categry.I keep telling myself maybe I’ll need them ne day that has never cme and prbably never will.
Harders fall int different categries.“Cllectrs” are rganized,systematic and in cntrl f their data.“Accidental harders” are disrganized,dn’t knw what they have,and dn’t have cntrl ver it.The “cmpliant harders” keep data n behalf f their cmpanies.Finally,“anxius harders” have strng emtinal ties t their data and are wrried abut deleting it.
Peple are mre resistant when it cmes t actually getting rid f their precius pssessins—perhaps because they have treated these lifeless pssessins as if they had thughts and feelings.
1.Why des the authr write the text?
A.T intrduce digital cllectrs.
B.T present a mdern phenmenn.
C.T advertise digital harding.
D.T ffer tips n handling e-data.
2.What des the underlined wrd “miscellaneus” in paragraph 4 refer t?
A.Diverse. B.Reliable.
C.Precise.D.Suitable.
3.Which type f digital harder des Antinette belng t?
A.Cllectrs.B.Accidental harders.
C.Cmpliant harder.D.Anxius harders.
4.What is the authr’s attitude twards digital harding?
A.Dubtful.B.Disapprving.
C.Tlerant.D.Uncaring.
B
What defines us?If pressed,I wuld answer that if there is any part f me that sits at my cre,then surely it must be my mral centre,my deep-seated sense f right and wrng.
And I ften feel that I’m a slightly different persn in each language I speak—mre determined in English,mre relaxed in French,and mre emtinal in Czech.Is it pssible that,alng with these differences,my mral guidelines als pint in smewhat different directins depending n the language I’m using?
In a research led by Albert Csta,vlunteers were presented with a mral dilemma knwn as the “train prblem”:Imagine that a train is charging at five peple standing n the track,unable t mve.The nly way t stp the train and spare the five peple is t push anther stranger ff a ftbridge int its path.Csta and his clleagues fund that psing the dilemma in a language that vlunteers had learned as freign tngue dramatically increased their willingness t push the sacrificial persn ff the ftbridge,frm fewer than 20% respndents using their native language t abut 50% f thse using the freign ne.
In anther research cnducted by Janet Greipel,vlunteers read acts that many peple find immral,such as stries where smene cked and ate his dg after it had been killed by car.Thse wh read the stries in a freign language perceived these actins less wrng than thse wh read them in their native tngue.
The difference in this judgment cmes dwn t tw separate and cmpeting thinking patterns—ne f these,a quick and direct feeling,and the ther,careful deliberatin abut the greatest gd fr the largest number.When we use a freign language,we uncnsciusly sink int the mre deliberate mde simply because the effrt f perating in ur n-native language activates ur cgnitive system.This is similar t findings that reading math prblems in a hard-t-read typeface(字体) makes peple less likely t make careless mistakes.
5.What can we learn abut the authr frm the first tw paragraphs?
A.He invests time in studying language.
B.He perceives languages differ slightly.
C.He ignres the rle f mral cncepts.
D.He thinks languages relate t mrals.
6.Hw did the authr prve his viewpint?
A.By carefully citing examples.
B.By cllecting and listing data.
C.By cnducting experiments.
D.By analyzing peple’s habits.
7.Why are “math prblems” mentined?
A.T justify a thinking pattern.
B.T present a new finding.
C.T clarify the cgnitive system.
D.T warn against making mistakes.
8.What’s the suitable title fr the passage?
A.Mrality:The Cre f Peple
B.Languages:Insights int Judgments
C.Languages:A Shaping Pwer t Mrality
D.Mrality:A New Way t Learn Languages
C
Several years ag,I was at a pre-seasn ftball practice at a high schl where I was wrking with the team n a cncussin(脑震荡) research prject.The players were lined up in tw rws facing each ther and with little mre instructins frm the cach than,“n the whistle,hit the man acrss frm yu”,great cncern rushed thrugh my mind.
Prfessinal sprts get the lin’s share f attentin,but ver three millin children and teenagers in the United States play the same game.This directly places cncussin as a significant public health cncern fr all.
Hwever,fr decades,cncussin has been cnsidered a temprary injury with n lng-term cnsequences.Many athletes will d just abut anything t stay n the field and “play thrugh the pain” as a sign f tughness.In 2005,with the release f the brain tissue pathlgy(病理学) reprt f Mike Webster,a retired Natinal Ftball League player,ur thinking n cncussin began t shift.Since then,public attentin has fcused n this link between brain injury and blws t the head.As ur understanding f cncussin prgressed t understanding its significance as an injury,s t did the develpment f player equipment.
In the early 1900s ftball was played withut helmets(头盔),but severe injuries,like skull fractures,led t the ccasinal use f leather helmets in the 1920s.The first facemask entered the game in the 1950s.Mdern helmets use advanced shell materials,have mveable panels t absrb frces,and multi-layered padding that respnds t different impacts.Cmpanies will cntinue t imprve helmets as new materials becme available,guided by the newest science.
Sprts are an imprtant part f a sciety’s culture and they give millins f children much-needed exercise.Yet,participatin in any sprt carries the injury risk,and cncussin will always be part f that.As thse children becme adults and make sprts their hbby r even career,ensuring they play safely at all levels is essential.
9.What made the authr feel cncerned?
A.The cach’s inexperience.
B.The physical cnflicts amng the players.
C.Unawareness f the ptential injuries.
D.The unpredictable utcme f the prject.
10.What did athletes use t d when meeting with sprts-related cncussin?
A.They tended t ignre it.
B.They felt scared abut it.
C.They quit playing immediately.
D.They refused medical assistance.
11.What des paragraph 4 mainly talk abut cncerning the helmet?
A.Its gradual imprvement.
B.Its widespread influence.
C.The discvery f its new materials.
D.The difficulty f its mass prductin.
12.What can be inferred frm the last paragraph?
A.Exercise is vital fr children.
B.Sprts safety can’t be veremphasized.
C.N participatin in sprts is withut injuries.
D.Cncussin is the mst cmmn injury in sprts.
Ⅱ.完形填空
One day I was appraching several massive creatures when I came t a sudden stp.It was well beynd me that these huge animals shuld be limited by nly sme rpes.It was 1 that the animals culd easily escape frm these small rpes tied t their frnt legs.Hwever, 2 ,they did nt.I sptted a 3 clse by and wndered why the elephants just 4 where they were and had n intentin t break away.
“Well,” he replied,“as they’re very 5 we tie them with the same 6 rpe and it’s enugh t 7 them fr their age.As they grw up,they’re 8 t hld the belief that they can never run away.They think the rpes are bund t 9 hld them,s they d nt struggle t break free.” I was 10 .The large animals culd easily mve away frm their 11 but they felt they culdn’t,s they were 12 right there.
In ur life a number f peple are 13 with the same wrng self-limiting belief—I’m nt excellent enugh r why try it if I’m nt ging t 14 it.Hwever,we ughtn’t t 15 ur capability,talent and ptential.Instead,we shuld believe in urselves.After all,we need t change with the times and think utside the bx.
B.bvius
C.necessaryD.hpeful
that timeB.frm then n
C.in that case D.fr sme reasn
B.teacher
C.dctrD.businessman
B.ate
C.stdD.relaxed
B.yung
C.weakD.ill
B.clr
C.styleD.length
B.train
C.cheatD.hld
B.cnditined
C.taughtD.frced
B.even
C.justD.hardly
B.interested
C.shckedD.disappinted
B.thughts
C.habitatsD.bnds
B.killed
C.sldD.fed
atB.tld ff
C.brught upD.relied n
B.catch
C.getD.make
B.underestimate
C.ignreD.develp
Ⅲ.读后续写
阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Surfing is a thrilling sprt that requires a great deal f skills,strength,calm and determinatin.Fr teenagers,riding the waves can make their bld racing and is an addictive experience.This is the stry f ne teenager’s unfrgettable adventure while surfing.Alex is a 16-year-ld by wh grew up in a small castal twn.He is an enthusiastic surfer and spent mst f his free time riding the waves.One sunny mrning,he headed ut t the beach t catch sme waves.
As he arrived at the beach,the sun was shining,and the waves were perfect.He grabbed his surfbard and paddled(用桨划) ut int the water.He spent the next few hurs surfing,and as the sun began t set,he decided t catch ne mre wave befre heading back t shre.
Alex sptted a huge wave n the hrizn and knew he had t ride it.He paddled as fast as he culd,feeling the water beneath him push him frward.As he reached the tp f the wave,he std up n his bard and felt the wind rush past him.The wave was huge,and Alex felt a rush f excitement as he rde it twards the shre.
But as he apprached the shre,he nticed smething unusual.The water was mving vilently,and he culd hear a strange nise cming frm beneath him.Suddenly,the wave crashed dwn n him,and he was thrwn frm his bard.He hit the water hard and was pulled under by the current.
Alex struggled t reach the surface but fund himself trapped in a pwerful current.The current was pulling him ut t sea,and he culd feel himself getting further and further away frm the shre.Panic set in,and he began t fear fr his life.
注意:
1.续写词数应为150左右;
2.请按如下格式作答。
But Alex was determined nt t give up.
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The bat nticed him and headed twards him.
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Unit 4 Everyday ecnmics
Ⅰ.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了什么是数字囤积、囤积的内容、囤积者的类型以及囤积的原因等。
1.B 推理判断题。根据文章第一段内容可知,本文主要围绕“数字囤积”这一社会现象展开。再结合下文内容可知,下文介绍了囤积的内容、囤积者的类型以及囤积的原因等。由此可推知,本文主要是为了向读者介绍“数字囤积”这种现代社会中存在的现象。故选B项。
2.A 词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句中的“where things get cmplex and ut f cntrl”和“that are hard t be gruped int ne categry”可知,miscellaneus data指的是复杂且无法控制的东西,这种东西难以归类。由此可推测出,只有数据种类繁多且混杂,才会难以把其归类。miscellaneus意为“混杂的,各种各样的”,与diverse意思最为接近。故选A项。
3.D 推理判断题。根据第二段Antinette说的话中的“It’s interesting lking back at the start f the relatinship s many years ag and wh I was then,and I can see hw the relatinship has changed.”可知,Antinette对自己存的数据有很强的感情。再根据倒数第二段中的“Finally,‘anxius harders’ have strng emtinal ties t their data and are wrried abut deleting it.”可知,Antinette属于焦虑的囤积者。故选D项。
4.C 推理判断题。第四段讲述了作者也是一个数字囤积者,作者的三台电脑里都存满了东西。根据第四段中的“My first hme screen is filled with apps I use every day”,“My secnd hme screen has apps that I dn’t use quite as much,but still want within easy reach”和“My third hme screen is where things get cmplex and ut f cntrl”可知,作者在三台电脑上囤积了很多东西,但丝毫没有为此感到烦恼,这说明他对数字囤积持容忍的态度。故选C项。
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了作者认为语言与道德有关,列举了两个实验并对这种现象进行了总结。
5.D 细节理解题。根据前两段内容可知,作者认为语言与道德有关。故选D项。
6.A 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“In a research led by Albert Csta,vlunteers were presented with a mral dilemma knwn as the ‘train prblem’:Imagine that a train is charging at five peple standing n the track,unable t mve.”以及第四段中的“In anther research cnducted by Janet Greipel,vlunteers read acts that many peple find immral,such as stries where smene cked and ate his dg after it had been killed by car.”可知,作者通过仔细地引用例子证明他的观点。故选A项。
7.A 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“When we use a freign language,we uncnsciusly sink int the mre deliberate mde simply because the effrt f perating in ur n-native language activates ur cgnitive system.This is similar t findings that reading math prblems in a hard-t-read typeface makes peple less likely t make careless mistakes.”可推知,提到“数学问题”是为一种思维模式辩护。故选A项。
8.C 标题归纳题。文章主要说明了作者认为语言与道德有关,列举了两个实验并对这种现象进行了总结。由此可知,C选项“语言:一种塑造道德的力量”最适合作文章标题。故选C项。
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述运动中的安全问题,以脑震荡为例,由一开始的忽视到后来得到重视的过程,以此来告诉我们运动中安全问题至关重要。
9.C 推理判断题。根据第一段“Several years ag,I cncern rushed thrugh my mind.”可知,作者当时正与球队一起进行脑震荡研究项目,而教练命令队员去打对面的人,由此可推断出,作者一定是担心教练没有意识到其中潜在的伤害。
10.A 细节理解题。根据第三段的“Hwever,fr decades, stay n the field and ‘play thrugh the pain’ as a sign f tughness.”可知,以前,运动员在遇到与运动相关的脑震荡时往往会忽视它。故选A项。
11.A 主旨大意题。根据第四段“In the early 1900s helmets as new materials becme available,guided by the newest science.”可知,该段主要是说运动员所戴头盔的改进与变化。
12.B 推理判断题。根据文章的最后两句“Yet,participatin in any safely at all levels is essential.”可以推断出,运动安全怎么强调都不为过。故选B项。
Ⅱ.【语篇解读】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章结合作者看到大象被细绳绑住但不逃脱的原因的解释,提到了生活中也有一些类似的人,他们低估自己的能力、才能和潜力,认为自己不会成功。最后作者指出,我们应该相信自己,需要与时俱进,跳出思维定式。
1.B 根据上文“these huge animals shuld be limited by nly sme rpes”可知,对于大型动物而言,轻松地从束缚它们的细绳逃脱是显而易见的。
2.D 结合上文“the animals culd easily escape frm these small rpes tied t their frnt legs”及“they did nt”可知,这些大型动物摆脱束缚它们脚的绳子很容易,然而它们没有,所以这里指不知什么原因。
3.A 结合下文作者向此人询问动物不逃走的原因,可推知此人是熟悉动物知识的人,应当是动物园中的驯兽师。
4.C 结合下文“had n intentin t break away”可知,此处指大象仅仅站在自己被拴住的地方。
5.B 结合下文“As they grw up”可知,此处指当它们还小的时候,它们就被用同样的绳子绑起来。
6.A 结合上文“small rpes”可知,这里指绳子的型号、尺寸。
7.D 根据下文“hld them”可知,此处指这些绳子可以绑住它们。
8.B 根据上文可知,在大象小的时候,它们就被用绳索绑住,所以到它们长大后,它们就习惯了自己永远无法逃走的想法。be cnditined t d sth习惯于做某事。
9.A 根据上文“hld the belief that they can never run away”可知,大象小时候被绳子束缚着,所以它们长大后认为,绳子依然会束缚住它们。
10.C 结合上文驯兽员给作者讲大象不逃脱的原因,作者应该是感到吃惊的。
11.D 根据上文“the animals culd easily escape frm these small rpes tied t their frnt legs”可知,此处指这些大型动物可以很轻松地摆脱绳子的束缚。
12.A 根据上文“had n intentin t break away”可知,它们没有打算逃走,说明它们应该是被困在原地。
13.C 结合上文讲述大象被绳子束缚的事实,可知此处指我们中的许多人也像大象那样被抚养长大。
14.D 结合上文大象认为它们无法逃脱束缚它们的绳子,所以也不尝试,自然无法摆脱,只能被困在原地。此处指不能成功,为什么要尝试呢? make it成功。
15.B 根据上文“I’m nt excellent enugh”可知,我们认为我们不够优秀,这是对我们自己能力的低估。
Ⅲ. But Alex was determined nt t give up. He attempted t swim twards the shre.But it didn’t wrk.The frce f the wave was t great,cntinuing t drag him further and deeper int the sea.He struggled t the surface and tk a breath,but was cvered again.After what seemed like hurs,the sea finally calmed dwn.But it was darker and Alex had n idea where he was r which directin t swim in.Luckily,he saw light in the distance and guessed it was a fishing bat.He swam hard twards the bat and shuted fr help.
The bat nticed him and headed twards him. With the help f several fishermen,Alex was rescued.Exhausted,he sank n the deck.Recalling what had happened,he culdn’t help feeling scared.If it hadn’t been fr the bat,he wuld have been killed.It dawned n him that safety shuld nt be disregarded fr the sake f mmentary thrill.