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外研版 (2019)必修 第一册Unit 4 Friends forever教学演示ppt课件
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这是一份外研版 (2019)必修 第一册Unit 4 Friends forever教学演示ppt课件，共24页。
Attributive clauses (1)Lk at the sentences frm the reading passage and answer the questins.1 What des “that” refer t in sentence (a)?2 What des “wh” refer t in sentence (b )?
“That” refers t “the peple” in sentence (a).
“Wh” refers t “peple” in sentence (b).
a We can... stay in tuch with the peple that we want t remain friends with.b The digital age als enables us t find peple wh share ur interests...
Attributive clauses (1)Cmpare the tw grups f sentences and answer the questins.3 What is the difference between the tw grups f sentences?
Sentences (a) and (b) bth cntain a clause defining a nun in each sentence. Sentences (c) and (d) are each cnstructed with a pair f simple sentences, with ne defining a nun that appears in the ther sentence in each pair.
c We can... stay in tuch with peple. We want t remain friends with them.d The digital age als enables us t find peple. These peple share ur interests...
Attributive clauses (1)Cmpare the tw grups f sentences and answer the questins.4 Why des the authr chse t use sentences (a) and (b) in the reading passage?
Because there is a clser link and cnnectin between “peple” and the clause defining it in sentences (a) and (b) . It als makes the passage clearer, and creates an emphatic effect n the peple r things being defined.
Attributive clauses (1)Cmpare the tw grups f sentences and answer the questins.5 What ther wrds are used t intrduce attributive clauses? What d they refer t?
Other wrds used t intrduce attributive clauses include “which”, “whm” and “whse”. They can refer t an bject r a thing, a persn as the bject f an actin and the relatinship f belnging.
Attributive clauses (1)Rewrite the underlined sentences with that, which, wh, whm r whse.
Lucy is my friend. She has a hearing prblem. When she first came t my schl, she seemed lnely, but we sn became friends. At first it was difficult t cmmunicate with her. S I learnt a new language. It allws me t “speak” with my hands.Lucy is a smart girl. Her ideas are always inspiring. I smetimes have prblems. I can’t slve them. When this happens, I always ask Lucy fr help. Lucy is a gd listener. I enjy sharing mments f my life with her.
Lucy is my friend wh/that has a hearing prblem.
S I learnt a new language that/which allws me t “speak” with my hands.
Lucy is a smart girl whse ideas are always inspiring.
I smetimes have prblems (that/
which) I can’t slve.
Lucy is a gd listener
(wh/whm/that) I enjy sharing mments f my life with.
Attributive clauses (1)Cmplete the nline frum pst with that, which, wh, whm r whse.
定语从句（1）——关系代词的用法1 定语从句概述 （1）定义：在复合句中修饰某一名词或代词的从句，叫做定语从句。它所修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词。（2）构成The bk which（关系词）I am reading is written by Tmas Hardy.先行词 定语从句我正在读的这本书是托马斯·哈代写的。Real winners are thse whse（关系词）failures inspire them t g at it again. 先行词 定语从句真正的赢家是那些被失败所鼓舞继续向前的人。
（3）分类：限制性定语从句、非限制性定语从句Sme peple wh are successful language learners ften fail in ther fields. 有些在语言学习上很有成就的人，在其他领域常常一无所成。（限制性定语从句） The sun heats the earth，which makes it pssible fr plants t grw. 太阳给予大地热量，这就使植物的生长成为可能。（非限制性定语从句）
关系代词：that，which，wh，whm，whse，as 关系副词：when，where，why 关系代词的具体用法见下表：
写出下列各句中定语从句的先行词、关系词以及关系词在从句中所作的成分（1）But the ne millin peple f the city，wh thught little f these events，were asleep as usual that night. _______________________________________________________________________________（2）The man whse father I have talked t is Jack. _______________________________________________________________________________（3）A huge crack that was eight kilmetres lng and thirty metres wide cut acrss huses， rads and canals. _______________________________________________________________________________（4）The number f peple wh were killed r seriusly injured reached mre than 400，000. _______________________________________________________________________________
先行词：the ne millin peple f the city；关系词：wh，在 从句中作主语
先行词：the man；关系词：whse，在从句中作定语
先行词：a huge crack；关系词：that，在从句中作主语
先行词：peple；关系词：wh，在从句中作主语
写出下列各句中定语从句的先行词、关系词以及关系词在从句中所作的成分（5）They can chse smething that they like. _______________________________________________________________________________（6）［词汇复现］The army rganised teams t dig ut thse wh were trapped and t bury the dead. _______________________________________________________________________________（7）Wrkers built shelters fr survivrs whse hmes had been destryed. _______________________________________________________________________________（8）He never gt back the mney which he had lent t his friend. _______________________________________________________________________________
先行词：smething；关系词：that，在从句中作宾语
先行词：thse；关系词：wh，在从句中作主语
先行词：survivrs；关系词：whse，在从句中作定语
先行词：the mney；关系词：which，在从句中作宾语
2 关系代词的用法 （ 1）that 既可指人也可指物，在定语从句中可作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略。 （2）which 指物，在定语从句中可作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略。 （3）wh 指人，在定语从句中可作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略。 （4）whm 指人，在定语从句中作宾语，可省略，也可用that/wh 代替。 （5）whse 既可指人也可指物，表“所属”关系，在定语从句中作定语。 I’ve gt a nvel（which/that） yu may like t read. 我弄到一本你或许想看的小说。（指物，作宾语） I have n idea abut the man wh/that wrte the article. 我不认识写这篇文章的那个人。（指人，作主语） Wh is the girl （whm/that/wh） yu talked t just nw? 刚才和你说话的那个女孩是谁？（指人，作宾语） D yu knw the name f that girl whse brther is yur rmmate? 你知道她的哥哥与你同寝室的那个女孩的名字吗?（指人，作定语） I like the huse whse windw faces suth. 我喜欢窗户朝南的那所房子。（指物，作定语）
【误区警示】（1）关系代词指代先行词且在定语从句中充当主语、宾语或定语， 因此定语从句中不能再出现关系代词所替代的名词或代词。 昨天晚上我们看的那部电影非常吓人。 The film（that/which）we saw it last night was very frightening. （×） The film（that/which）we saw last night was very frightening. （√） （2）关系代词在从句中作主语时不能省略，作宾语时可以省略。（3）way 作先行词的定语从句当way 表示“方式、方法”在句中作先行词，后被一个定语从句修饰且定语从句中缺少状语时，引导定语从句可用that 或in which， 也可以省略。I dn’t like the way that he laughed at me. =I dn’t like the way in which he laughed at me. =I dn’t like the way he laughed at me. 我不喜欢他用那种方式来嘲笑我。
填上适当的关系代词，并写出关系代词的用法和功能（1）［词汇复现］A CD-ROM is a separate disk cntains lts f infrmatin.（ ） （2）This is the suitcase she is lking fr. （ ） （3）［词汇复现］The number f the peple cme t visit this city each year reaches ne millin. （ ）（4）We are cncerned abut the peple have suffered a lt in the earthquake.（ ） （5）Danny was the man we rescued frm the ruins. （ ） （6）Rse is the persn yu shuld care abut. （ ） （7）Is that the girl yu spke f the ther day? （ ） （8）I knw the persn huse was ttally destryed in the earthquake.（ ） （9）He lived in a huse walls and rf had partly cllapsed.（ ）
指物，作宾语，可以省略
wh/whm/that
指人， 作宾语，可以省略
指人，作定语，修饰huse
指物，作定语，修饰walls and rf
3 宜用 that 不宜用 which 引导定语从句的情况 （1）当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。 We have t cnsider the first thing that starts ur wrk. 我们必须要考虑启动我们工作的第一件事。This is the mst impressive TV theater that has never been put n shw befre. 这是以前从未上演过的最有感染力的电视剧。（ 2）当先行词是 all，little，few，much，any，everything，anything， nthing，nne 等不定代词或先行词被这些词修饰时。 Anything that can burn is a surce f heat energy. 任何能够燃烧的东西都是热能源。（3）当先行词被 the nly，the very，the last，the same 等修饰时。That is the nly way that leads t yur success. 那是通向你成功的唯一的路。
【学法点拨】以上三种情况有一个共同特点，就是先行词或先行词之前的修饰语往往带有“唯一”或者“全部”的概念，以致无法作出选择。因为关系代词 which 是疑问代词，表示“哪一个”，含有选择意味，所以， 用that 引导万无一失。 （4）当先行词既包括人又包括物时。He asked abut the factries and wrkers that he had visited. 他问起他参观过的工厂和拜访过的工人的情况。（5）当主句是以which 开头的特殊疑问句时。Which f the bks that have pictures is wrth reading? 哪本有插图的书值得一读？
单句语法填空并分析（1）The first thing yu shuld d is call the plice right away. （2）This is the mst delicius fd I have ever had. （3）All can be dne has been dne. （4）Tell me everything yu knw. （5）Please send us any infrmatin yu have abut the subject. （6）The nly thing she culd d was g t the plice fr help. （7）This is the very bk I want t buy. （8）［词汇复现］Smetimes we shuld ignre the persns and things upset us. （9）Which f the bks yu bught is the mst useful fr my writing?
先行词被形容词最高级修饰
先行词是everything
先行词被the nly 修饰
先行词被the very 修饰
先行词既包括人又包括物
主句是以which 开头的特殊疑问句
4 宜用 which 不宜用 that 引导定语从句的情况 （1）引导非限制性定语从句时。The mst imprtant frm f energy is electrical energy，which is widely used in ur daily life. 最重要的能源形式是电能，它广泛地运用于我们的日常生活之中。 （2）当关系代词前有介词时。The wrld in which we live is made f matter. =The wrld that we live in is made f matter. 我们生活于其中的世界是由物质组成的。 （ 3）先行词是that 时，为了避免重复，定语从句用which 不用that 引导。What’s that which flashed in the sky just nw? 刚才在天空中一闪而过的是什么东西？
单句语法填空并分析（1）Ftball， is an interesting game， is very ppular all ver the wrld. （2）This is the huse in M Yan nce lived. （3）That yu tld him is what we want t knw. （4）He said that he had never seen her befre， was nt true.
that 不能引导非限制性定语从句
“介词+ 关系代词”时，关系代词用which 不用that
5 关系代词 as 引导的定语从句 （ 1）as 既可指人也可指物，在定语从句中可作主语或宾语。它常用在 the ， 等结构中，as 不能省略。 Such peple as yu describe are rarely seen nwadays. 你描述的这种人现在很少见了。 【误区警示】当先行词被the same 修饰时，也可用 that 引导定语从句，但指同一物，而不是同一类。I have bught the same watch as yu have. 我买了一块和你一样的手表。（同样的手表，但不是同一块） This is the same watch that I lst. 这就是我丢的那块手表。（同一块手表）
（2）as 引导非限制性定语从句，代替整个主句的内容。从句可放在主句前、主句中间或主句后。 As I knw，she hasn’t gt married. 如我所知，她还没结婚。They wn first place in the game，as culd be expected. 可以预料，他们在比赛中得了第一。【归纳拓展】as 引导非限制性定语从句常用的固定表达： as we all knw 众所周知 as is well knwn 众所周知as yu see 如你所见as can be seen 正如所见 as we expect 正如我们期望的as is/was expected 正如期望的 as ften happens 正如经常发生的 as is ften the case 情况常常是这样 as I can remember 正如我所记得的 as has been said befre 如前所述
单句语法填空（1）Such reasns we give can persuade him t give up his flish plan. （2）I’ll buy the same dictinary yu have. （3） yu knw，she is a stubbrn girl，and I can’t persuade her t change her mind. （4）My grandfather is fnd f talking abut the gd ld days， is ften the case with ld peple. 比较并翻译（5）This is the same bike that I lst tw mnths ag. ______________________________________________________________（6）This is the same bike as I lst tw mnths ag. ______________________________________________________________
这就是两个月前我丢的那辆自行车。（同一辆自行车）
这辆自行车跟我两个月前丢的那辆一样。（同样的自行车，但不是同一辆）
Attributive clauses (1)Lk at the sentences frm the reading passage and answer the questins.1 What des “that” refer t in sentence (a)?2 What des “wh” refer t in sentence (b )?
“That” refers t “the peple” in sentence (a).
“Wh” refers t “peple” in sentence (b).
a We can... stay in tuch with the peple that we want t remain friends with.b The digital age als enables us t find peple wh share ur interests...
Attributive clauses (1)Cmpare the tw grups f sentences and answer the questins.3 What is the difference between the tw grups f sentences?
Sentences (a) and (b) bth cntain a clause defining a nun in each sentence. Sentences (c) and (d) are each cnstructed with a pair f simple sentences, with ne defining a nun that appears in the ther sentence in each pair.
c We can... stay in tuch with peple. We want t remain friends with them.d The digital age als enables us t find peple. These peple share ur interests...
Attributive clauses (1)Cmpare the tw grups f sentences and answer the questins.4 Why des the authr chse t use sentences (a) and (b) in the reading passage?
Because there is a clser link and cnnectin between “peple” and the clause defining it in sentences (a) and (b) . It als makes the passage clearer, and creates an emphatic effect n the peple r things being defined.
Attributive clauses (1)Cmpare the tw grups f sentences and answer the questins.5 What ther wrds are used t intrduce attributive clauses? What d they refer t?
Other wrds used t intrduce attributive clauses include “which”, “whm” and “whse”. They can refer t an bject r a thing, a persn as the bject f an actin and the relatinship f belnging.
Attributive clauses (1)Rewrite the underlined sentences with that, which, wh, whm r whse.
Lucy is my friend. She has a hearing prblem. When she first came t my schl, she seemed lnely, but we sn became friends. At first it was difficult t cmmunicate with her. S I learnt a new language. It allws me t “speak” with my hands.Lucy is a smart girl. Her ideas are always inspiring. I smetimes have prblems. I can’t slve them. When this happens, I always ask Lucy fr help. Lucy is a gd listener. I enjy sharing mments f my life with her.
Lucy is my friend wh/that has a hearing prblem.
S I learnt a new language that/which allws me t “speak” with my hands.
Lucy is a smart girl whse ideas are always inspiring.
I smetimes have prblems (that/
which) I can’t slve.
Lucy is a gd listener
(wh/whm/that) I enjy sharing mments f my life with.
Attributive clauses (1)Cmplete the nline frum pst with that, which, wh, whm r whse.
定语从句（1）——关系代词的用法1 定语从句概述 （1）定义：在复合句中修饰某一名词或代词的从句，叫做定语从句。它所修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词。（2）构成The bk which（关系词）I am reading is written by Tmas Hardy.先行词 定语从句我正在读的这本书是托马斯·哈代写的。Real winners are thse whse（关系词）failures inspire them t g at it again. 先行词 定语从句真正的赢家是那些被失败所鼓舞继续向前的人。
（3）分类：限制性定语从句、非限制性定语从句Sme peple wh are successful language learners ften fail in ther fields. 有些在语言学习上很有成就的人，在其他领域常常一无所成。（限制性定语从句） The sun heats the earth，which makes it pssible fr plants t grw. 太阳给予大地热量，这就使植物的生长成为可能。（非限制性定语从句）
关系代词：that，which，wh，whm，whse，as 关系副词：when，where，why 关系代词的具体用法见下表：
写出下列各句中定语从句的先行词、关系词以及关系词在从句中所作的成分（1）But the ne millin peple f the city，wh thught little f these events，were asleep as usual that night. _______________________________________________________________________________（2）The man whse father I have talked t is Jack. _______________________________________________________________________________（3）A huge crack that was eight kilmetres lng and thirty metres wide cut acrss huses， rads and canals. _______________________________________________________________________________（4）The number f peple wh were killed r seriusly injured reached mre than 400，000. _______________________________________________________________________________
先行词：the ne millin peple f the city；关系词：wh，在 从句中作主语
先行词：the man；关系词：whse，在从句中作定语
先行词：a huge crack；关系词：that，在从句中作主语
先行词：peple；关系词：wh，在从句中作主语
写出下列各句中定语从句的先行词、关系词以及关系词在从句中所作的成分（5）They can chse smething that they like. _______________________________________________________________________________（6）［词汇复现］The army rganised teams t dig ut thse wh were trapped and t bury the dead. _______________________________________________________________________________（7）Wrkers built shelters fr survivrs whse hmes had been destryed. _______________________________________________________________________________（8）He never gt back the mney which he had lent t his friend. _______________________________________________________________________________
先行词：smething；关系词：that，在从句中作宾语
先行词：thse；关系词：wh，在从句中作主语
先行词：survivrs；关系词：whse，在从句中作定语
先行词：the mney；关系词：which，在从句中作宾语
2 关系代词的用法 （ 1）that 既可指人也可指物，在定语从句中可作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略。 （2）which 指物，在定语从句中可作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略。 （3）wh 指人，在定语从句中可作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略。 （4）whm 指人，在定语从句中作宾语，可省略，也可用that/wh 代替。 （5）whse 既可指人也可指物，表“所属”关系，在定语从句中作定语。 I’ve gt a nvel（which/that） yu may like t read. 我弄到一本你或许想看的小说。（指物，作宾语） I have n idea abut the man wh/that wrte the article. 我不认识写这篇文章的那个人。（指人，作主语） Wh is the girl （whm/that/wh） yu talked t just nw? 刚才和你说话的那个女孩是谁？（指人，作宾语） D yu knw the name f that girl whse brther is yur rmmate? 你知道她的哥哥与你同寝室的那个女孩的名字吗?（指人，作定语） I like the huse whse windw faces suth. 我喜欢窗户朝南的那所房子。（指物，作定语）
【误区警示】（1）关系代词指代先行词且在定语从句中充当主语、宾语或定语， 因此定语从句中不能再出现关系代词所替代的名词或代词。 昨天晚上我们看的那部电影非常吓人。 The film（that/which）we saw it last night was very frightening. （×） The film（that/which）we saw last night was very frightening. （√） （2）关系代词在从句中作主语时不能省略，作宾语时可以省略。（3）way 作先行词的定语从句当way 表示“方式、方法”在句中作先行词，后被一个定语从句修饰且定语从句中缺少状语时，引导定语从句可用that 或in which， 也可以省略。I dn’t like the way that he laughed at me. =I dn’t like the way in which he laughed at me. =I dn’t like the way he laughed at me. 我不喜欢他用那种方式来嘲笑我。
填上适当的关系代词，并写出关系代词的用法和功能（1）［词汇复现］A CD-ROM is a separate disk cntains lts f infrmatin.（ ） （2）This is the suitcase she is lking fr. （ ） （3）［词汇复现］The number f the peple cme t visit this city each year reaches ne millin. （ ）（4）We are cncerned abut the peple have suffered a lt in the earthquake.（ ） （5）Danny was the man we rescued frm the ruins. （ ） （6）Rse is the persn yu shuld care abut. （ ） （7）Is that the girl yu spke f the ther day? （ ） （8）I knw the persn huse was ttally destryed in the earthquake.（ ） （9）He lived in a huse walls and rf had partly cllapsed.（ ）
指物，作宾语，可以省略
wh/whm/that
指人， 作宾语，可以省略
指人，作定语，修饰huse
指物，作定语，修饰walls and rf
3 宜用 that 不宜用 which 引导定语从句的情况 （1）当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。 We have t cnsider the first thing that starts ur wrk. 我们必须要考虑启动我们工作的第一件事。This is the mst impressive TV theater that has never been put n shw befre. 这是以前从未上演过的最有感染力的电视剧。（ 2）当先行词是 all，little，few，much，any，everything，anything， nthing，nne 等不定代词或先行词被这些词修饰时。 Anything that can burn is a surce f heat energy. 任何能够燃烧的东西都是热能源。（3）当先行词被 the nly，the very，the last，the same 等修饰时。That is the nly way that leads t yur success. 那是通向你成功的唯一的路。
【学法点拨】以上三种情况有一个共同特点，就是先行词或先行词之前的修饰语往往带有“唯一”或者“全部”的概念，以致无法作出选择。因为关系代词 which 是疑问代词，表示“哪一个”，含有选择意味，所以， 用that 引导万无一失。 （4）当先行词既包括人又包括物时。He asked abut the factries and wrkers that he had visited. 他问起他参观过的工厂和拜访过的工人的情况。（5）当主句是以which 开头的特殊疑问句时。Which f the bks that have pictures is wrth reading? 哪本有插图的书值得一读？
单句语法填空并分析（1）The first thing yu shuld d is call the plice right away. （2）This is the mst delicius fd I have ever had. （3）All can be dne has been dne. （4）Tell me everything yu knw. （5）Please send us any infrmatin yu have abut the subject. （6）The nly thing she culd d was g t the plice fr help. （7）This is the very bk I want t buy. （8）［词汇复现］Smetimes we shuld ignre the persns and things upset us. （9）Which f the bks yu bught is the mst useful fr my writing?
先行词被形容词最高级修饰
先行词是everything
先行词被the nly 修饰
先行词被the very 修饰
先行词既包括人又包括物
主句是以which 开头的特殊疑问句
4 宜用 which 不宜用 that 引导定语从句的情况 （1）引导非限制性定语从句时。The mst imprtant frm f energy is electrical energy，which is widely used in ur daily life. 最重要的能源形式是电能，它广泛地运用于我们的日常生活之中。 （2）当关系代词前有介词时。The wrld in which we live is made f matter. =The wrld that we live in is made f matter. 我们生活于其中的世界是由物质组成的。 （ 3）先行词是that 时，为了避免重复，定语从句用which 不用that 引导。What’s that which flashed in the sky just nw? 刚才在天空中一闪而过的是什么东西？
单句语法填空并分析（1）Ftball， is an interesting game， is very ppular all ver the wrld. （2）This is the huse in M Yan nce lived. （3）That yu tld him is what we want t knw. （4）He said that he had never seen her befre， was nt true.
that 不能引导非限制性定语从句
“介词+ 关系代词”时，关系代词用which 不用that
5 关系代词 as 引导的定语从句 （ 1）as 既可指人也可指物，在定语从句中可作主语或宾语。它常用在 the ， 等结构中，as 不能省略。 Such peple as yu describe are rarely seen nwadays. 你描述的这种人现在很少见了。 【误区警示】当先行词被the same 修饰时，也可用 that 引导定语从句，但指同一物，而不是同一类。I have bught the same watch as yu have. 我买了一块和你一样的手表。（同样的手表，但不是同一块） This is the same watch that I lst. 这就是我丢的那块手表。（同一块手表）
（2）as 引导非限制性定语从句，代替整个主句的内容。从句可放在主句前、主句中间或主句后。 As I knw，she hasn’t gt married. 如我所知，她还没结婚。They wn first place in the game，as culd be expected. 可以预料，他们在比赛中得了第一。【归纳拓展】as 引导非限制性定语从句常用的固定表达： as we all knw 众所周知 as is well knwn 众所周知as yu see 如你所见as can be seen 正如所见 as we expect 正如我们期望的as is/was expected 正如期望的 as ften happens 正如经常发生的 as is ften the case 情况常常是这样 as I can remember 正如我所记得的 as has been said befre 如前所述
单句语法填空（1）Such reasns we give can persuade him t give up his flish plan. （2）I’ll buy the same dictinary yu have. （3） yu knw，she is a stubbrn girl，and I can’t persuade her t change her mind. （4）My grandfather is fnd f talking abut the gd ld days， is ften the case with ld peple. 比较并翻译（5）This is the same bike that I lst tw mnths ag. ______________________________________________________________（6）This is the same bike as I lst tw mnths ag. ______________________________________________________________
这就是两个月前我丢的那辆自行车。（同一辆自行车）
这辆自行车跟我两个月前丢的那辆一样。（同样的自行车，但不是同一辆）
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