八年级英语下学期第一次月考(南京卷)-2023-2024学年八年级英语下册单元重难点易错题精练（牛津译林版）

这是一份八年级英语下学期第一次月考(南京卷)-2023-2024学年八年级英语下册单元重难点易错题精练（牛津译林版），共21页。试卷主要包含了全卷满分90分等内容，欢迎下载使用。
注意事项：
1.全卷满分90分。考试时间为90分钟。试题包含选择题和非选择题。考生答题全部答在答题卡上, 答在本试卷上无效。
2.请认真核对监考教师在答题卡上所粘贴条形码的姓名、考试证号是否与本人相符合,再将 自己的姓名、考试证号用0. 5毫米黑色墨水签字笔填写在答题卡及本试卷上。
3.答选择题必须用2B铅笔将答题卡上对应的答案标号涂黑。如需改动,请用橡皮擦干净后, 再选涂其他答案。答非选择题必须用0. 5毫米黑色墨水签字笔写在答题卡的指定位置,在其他位置答题一律无效。
选择题（共40分）
一、单项填空（共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分）
请认真阅读下列各题,从题中所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。1．There was ________ interview with Mr. Chen yesterday. But it was a pity that I missed ________ beginning.
A．an; aB．a; theC．an; theD．the; the
2．—Have yu ________ heard f a lady called Mrs. Green?
—N, I dn’t think I have.
A．alreadyB．everC．neverD．just
3．I have s few friends that I have t live ________ at this schl, s I smetimes feel ________ and helpless.
A．lnely; alneB．lnely; lnelyC．alne; alneD．alne; lnely
4．Wh ________ away my bike? It was here just nw.
A．has takenB．tkC．will takeD．takes
5．The rller caster mved ________ high speed and made us scream ________the whle ride.
A．at, acrssB．in, thrughC．at, thrughD．in, acrss
6．—Were yu very _______when yu saw the parade cming twards yu?
—Of curse. It was the mst ______mment.
A．excited, excitedB．exciting, excitedC．excited, excitingD．exciting, exciting
7．— What’s the best park in the city?
— Of curse, the East Lake Park. I ________ there last week, and I ________ there many times.
A．went; have beenB．have gne; have been
C．have been; have gneD．went; have gne
8．When the dancers stpped ________ t us, we all culdn’t stp ________ excitedly.
A．smiling; t shutB．t smile, shuting
C．t smile, t shutD．t smiling; shuting
9．She used t ________ a bus t schl, but nw she is used t ________ t schl.
A．taking; walkB．take; walkC．taking; walkingD．take; walking
10．There are many turist attractins in Yangzhu, ________ Slender West Lake, Dngguan street and s n.
A．fr exampleB．such asC．in factD．abve all
11．________ this term, I’m sure I’ll get better grades because I study very hard.
A．At the end fB．At the endC．In the end fD．In the end
12．The meeting ________ 2 hurs ag. It ________ fr 2 hurs.
A．starts; has been n B．started; has beenC．starts; has beenD．started; has been n
13．It ten years since we last in Beijing.
A．was; metB．has been; met
C．was; meetD．is; meet
14．—The man may nt be a gd father, but ________ he is a gd pliceman.
—Yes, I agree with yu. He spends t much time wrking and has n time fr his family.
A．by the wayB．in this wayC．in sme waysD．n the way
15．—Hw was yur trip t the z?
—________. I even tk sme phts with the panda.
A．FantasticB．Can’t be wrseC．Pr thingD．Terrible
二、完形填空（共10小题；毎小题1分,满分10分）
请认真阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。
The Chinese high-speed railways have a quality（质量）all n its wn. Tier 1 （ 一线）cities like Beijing have a cuple hundred high-speed trains stpping at the 16 every day. China's technlgy n building the railway is 17 the rest f the wrld. There is n 18 that any ther cuntry culd be better than China in near future. I had my first chance t ride the high-speed trains last week 19 I had a business meeting in Zhengzhu.
I 20 with a disdain （偏见）fr public transprtatin. Althugh I was nt sure why the US hated it s much, I was afraid f the experience. I hped t fly, but was tld that it wuld be much better if I 21 the train.
The train was 22 . I had traveled n a train befre in the US and hated hw slw it was and hw many stps there were. Chinese high-speed trains are n a different 23 . The trains are clean and the seats are huge.
Yu can’t even feel hw fast the train is mving. If there were n windws, I wuldn't be able t tell when we were 24 r when we were traveling at 300 km/h—it is that smth.
I'm traveling again this week by train and I’m 25 .
16．A．cityB．twnC．villageD．cuntry
17．A．acceptingB．leadingC．fllwingD．refusing
18．A．flagB．frmC．signD．actin
19．A．thughB．whenC．ifD．unless
20．A．gt upB．wke upC．gave upD．grew up
21．A．tkB．leftC．fundD．prduced
22．A．slwB．wideC．bringD．amazing
23．A．levelB．priceC．shapeD．backgrund
24．A．seenB．heardC．servedD．stpped
25．A．busyB．funnyC．excitedD．careful
三、阅读理解（共15小题;每小题1分, 满分15分）
请认真阅读下列材料, 从材料后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中, 选出最佳选项, 并在答 题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
26．If a persn in Hangzhu feels like visiting Water Cube, he shuld call____t get infrmatin.
A．0451—82187899B．0571—68345576
C．0l0一28135589D．00852—28029822
27．Tw travelers plan t have a bird’s—eye view (俯视) f Harbin, and they need t pay ______ frm the infrmatin abve.
A．￥150B．￥300C．￥450D．￥100
28．Which f the fllwing is TRUE accrding t the travel infrmatin?
A．Water Cube is special in design.
B．The price f a ticket fr West Lake is the highest.
C．In Disneyland yu can’t see any cartn characters.
D．Dragn Twer is the tallest in China.
B
In the future, peple may travel t Mars (火星) by water-pwered spaceship! Tday's spaceships are fine fr getting things int space, but they are nt s gd at travelling lng distances. These spaceships burn chemical fuels (燃料) and they are very expensive. Scientists say that a water-pwered spaceship culd make the trip t Mars much cheaper. The idea is just in the planning stages nw, but scientists think such a spaceship culd be develped sn.
The key t the water-pwered spaceship is the engine (发动机). Regular engines push spaceships by burning fuel. The water engine will use steam, created by slar panels (太阳能板) that heat water t a high temperature. Of curse, the spaceship will have t carry a lt f water fr the lng trip t Mars.
Tday's spaceships culd nt carry that much water. But scientists think that a spaceship blwn up like a balln will be able t.
One US cmpany has already develped a spaceship like this. These spaceships are made f a strng material. Tw f them have already been sent up int space, using rckets and then later filled with air. "Balln" spaceships culd be very large and carry enugh water fr a lng trip. With the "Balln" spaceships, enugh water culd be carried t pwer the engines and grw fd during the trip. And the peple n the spaceship might even get t take a ht bath!
Scientists say the biggest advantage f such a spaceship wuld be cst. The "Balln" spaceship uses water t push it thrugh space and csts abut ne thirtieth f a nrmal spaceship. Such savings naturally encurage cntinued research int balln spaceships and water engines. If these scientists are crrect, we may sn be n ur way t Mars in a spaceship pwered by water.
29．Which sentence best describes the main idea f the passage abve?
A．The key t the water-pwered spaceship is the engine.
B．In the future, peple may travel t Mars by water-pwered spaceship.
C．One US cmpany has already develped a spaceship like this.
D．Scientists say the biggest advantage f such a spaceship wuld be cst.
30．What d yu think is mitted (省略) at the end f the underlined sentence?
A．use steamB．push spaceships
C．heat waterD．carry that much water
31．Besides grwing fd, what else might astrnauts d with the rest f the water?
A．Take a ht bath.B．Freeze dangerus things.
C．Blw up a balln.D．Change the surface f Mars.
32．On which website can we prbably read this passage?
A．www. freedictinary. cm/pwerB．www. mc. cn/music
C．www. chinadaily. cm. cn/cultureD．www. space. cm/spaceflight
C
There is a fun fact. Each year, peple in all 28 Eurpean Unin (EU) member cuntries are asked t change their clcks twice. They mve frward by ne hur (12 p.m. becmes 1 p.m.) n the last Sunday f March and back by ne hur (1 p.m. ges back t 12 p.m.) n the last Sunday in Octber. This is called “daylight saving time (DST, 夏/冬令时)”.
But in 2019, they will n lnger need t d s. On Sept 14, 2018, the EU annunced that it will stp practicing DST in Octber 2019, USA Tday reprted. The change cmes fllwing an nline survey cnducted in EU cuntries. Eighty-fur percent f the 4.5 millin Eurpeans wh tk the survey said they ppse (反对) seasnal clck changes.
DST was first intrduced in Germany during the Wrld Wars and became law acrss the cntinent (大陆) in 1996. It helps peple make better use f lnger summer days and save energy.
Fr example, with DST, peple get up and g t bed an hur earlier during the summer. By having an extra hur f sunlight, peple can save electricity, since they dn’t need t turn their lights n.
Hwever, after ver 20 years f DST, peple believe that the practice is ut f date, especially since we nw have energy-saving technlgy like LED light. “We are clearly headed tward smart cities, smart buildings and smart slutins which will bring much mre savings than a change f the clck,” Eurpean Cmmissin Vice-President Mars Sefcvic tld Deutsche Welle.
Others have pinted ut that clck changing can lead t imbalance (失衡) in ur bdies’ internal (体内的) clcks and cause lng-term health prblems, Reuters nted.
33．“Daylight saving time” lasts abut ________ a year.
A．five mnthsB．six mnthsC．seven mnthsD．eight mnths
34．Where did “daylight saving time” begin?
A．In France.B．In Germany.C．In the US.D．In the UK.
35．Why was “daylight saving time” used in Eurpe?
A．Because it helped peple save energy.B．Because it was fashinable and mdern.
C．Because peple wanted t enjy lnger nights.D．Because peple ppsed seasnal clck changes.
36．What d the last three paragraphs talk abut?
A．What we can use t save energy.B．Why changing clcks is n lnger needed.
C．What changes new technlgy can bring.D．Why clck changing can harm ur health.
D
Sme cuntries are famus fr their rads. The United States is the cuntry we mst assciate (联系) with “rad culture”. The US, after all, is a large land with a netwrk f rads built fr travel and cmmunicatins.
One rad in special, Rute 66, stands fr the imprtance f rad travel in the US. This east-west highway takes travelers between Chicag in the east and Califrnia in the west. The lng drive is the American mythlgy (神话). Indeed, many films and nvels have been prduced abut it.
But nw, it seems the US has a cmpetitr in rad-culture: Sctland. This cuntry is far smaller than the US, but it’s still big enugh t have a 500-mile (800-kilmeters) scenic rute-and, perhaps, a 1,500-mile rad rip.
The name f the rte is Nrth Cast 500 (NC500). It’s a yung rute, nly intrduced in 2015. It takes travelers wh wish t drive the whle rute arund the cast f the nrth f Sctland and acrss the cuntry.
But what’s s special abut NC6500? It’s the scenery, which is best viewed in spring, accrding t Travel magazine. During that time, travelers can enjy “sparkling lakes, valleys filled with blssming trees, and views f the mineral-blue cean and strawberry-blnde beaches”.
The intrductin f the rute has dne wnders fr the regin’s ecnmy (经济). The number f drivers it has attracted has meant htels and restaurants alng the rute are ften fully bked. In fact, It’s believed that the nrth f Sctland is nw £9 millin (77 millin yuan) richer a year because f it.
And hpefully smeday sn, peple will be making mvies and writing nvels abut NCS00, just as they d abut its US cusin.
37．What’s the main purpse f the first tw paragraphs?
A．T recmmend that readers g n a trip alng Rute 66.
B．T explain why rad travel is ppular in the US.
C．T intrduce the tpic f rad culture.
D．T cmpare rad travel in the US with that in Sctland.
38．What can we learn abut NC500 frm the article?
A．It cvers a distance f abut 500 kilmeters.B．It’s a new rad that pened this year.
C．It’s much lnger than Rute 66 in the US. D．It’s a castal rute arund nrthern Sctland.
39．What makes NC500 attractive t peple?
A．It’s the lngest rad in the UK.B．It shws beautiful scenery t travelers.
C．It has appeared in many mvies.D．It cnnects all the lakes in Sctland.
40．What gd things has NC500 brught t nrthern Sctland?
A．It has reduced traffic pressure in the regin.B．It has helped t imprve its ecnmy.
C．It has attracted mre peple t live in Sctland.D．It has made mre films and nvels than ever befre.
非选择题（共50分）
四、填空（共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分）
A）请根据括号中所给的汉语写出单词,使句子意思完整正确,并将答案填写在答题卡相应横线上。
41．The reprt says the (形势) in the small cuntry is getting wrse because f the war.
42．Mst (国际的) cmpanies have grwn frm small family business.
43．D yu knw wh spke (最后) at the sprts meeting?
44．— Is everyne in the classrm?
— We are all here (除了) Li Dng. We have n idea where he has gne.
45．The ffice is quite bright and tidy. Yu will enjy the pleasant wrking (环境).
B）请根据句子意思,用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空,并将答案填写在答题卡相应横线上。
46．The child (eat) up all the fd n the plate. Nw there isn’t anything n it.
47．Members with yung children ften fund it (pssible) t attend evening meetings.
48．The UK has lts f (nature) sights like the Lake District.
49．I think Sweeney Tdd is ne f the best (music) in the last 15 years.
50．As a muntain climber, Arn is used t (take) risks.
C）请根据短文内容，从下面方框中选择适当的单词或短语填空，并将答案填写在答题卡相应横线上。
D yu smetimes use LOL when chatting with friends nline? LOL 51 laugh ut lud. Peple use it when they think smething funny r feel very happy. Here is a stry abut LOL in Andy’s life.
As we knw, Andy and his parents 52 their puppy a lt. They decided t build a small huse fr her in the garden. They felt great when the wrk was 53 and thught it wuld be an ideal hme fr their puppy.
“ 54 !” Dad said t Andy.
“Sure, we are genius (天才),” Andy replied. “What d yu think, Mum?”
Then Mum began t laugh, “We 55 . Have yu fund ut what it is?”
Yes, the huse had NO dr! It was time t LOL at their mistake. And what wuld their puppy d when seeing the huse? She wuld L＆R—Laugh and Rll (打滚)!
五、阅读填空（共20小题;每小题1分, 满分20分）
A）请认真阅读下面短文,并根据所读内容在文章后表格中小题的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。
注意:每个空格只填1个单词。请将答案填写在答题卡相应横线上。
Why is setting gals imprtant? Because gals can help yu d, be, and experience everything yu want in life. Instead f just letting life happen t yu, gals allw yurself t make yur life happen.
Successful and happy peple have a visin f hw their life shuld be and they set lts f gals (bth shrt-term and lng-range) t help them reach their visin. By setting gals yu are taking cntrl f yur life. It’s like having a map t shw yu where yu want t g. Think f it in this way. There are tw drivers.
One has a destinatin in mind (her gal) which is laid ut fr her n a map. She can drive straight there withut any wasted time r wrng turns. The ther driver has n gal r destinatin r map. She starts ff at the same time frm the same place as the first driver. But she drivers aimlessly arund, never getting anywhere, just using up gas and il. Which driver d yu want t be?
Winners in life set gals and fllw thrugh n them. They decide what they want in life and then get there by making plans and setting gals. Unsuccessful peple just let life happen by accident. Gals aren’t difficult t set, and they aren’t difficult t reach. It’s up t yu t find ut what yur gals, ideals and visins really are. Yu are the ne wh must decide what t pursue and in what directin t aim yur life.
Research tells us that when we write a gal dwn, we are mre likely t achieve it. Written gals can be reviewed regularly, and have mre pwer. Like a cntract (合同) with yurself, they are harder t neglect r frget. Als when yu write yur gals in a particular way yu are able t make yurself cntinuusly aware(意识到的) f situatins that will bring yu nearer t yur gals.
B）请根据短文内容及首字母提示,填写所缺单词,并将答案填写在答题卡相应位置上。
Daniel, Emmanuel, and their mm and dad decided t g n a trip t a cave (洞穴). It is ne f the six mst f 66 caves in the wrld. Sitting under a big tree with ther families, they waited fr Millie, b 67 she knew the cave very well. When Millie arrived, she said hell t everybdy and then a 68 them t put their bags utside the cave.
“We all knw that it is a great cave with a lng histry, s it is imprtant fr us t p 69 the cave frm things brushing its walls,” Millie said. When they were putting dwn their bags, she 70 anther piece f advice, “If yu have jackets r cats, please keep them with yu. It is much c 71 in the cave.”
Befre they entered the cave, the bys thught there wuld be sme stalactites (钟乳石), but nce i 72 , they didn’t find any f them. They did nt see any birds flying arund, either. Daniel felt a little bred and said in a lw vice, “It is nthing s 73 . There is n difference between this cave and thers.”
After walking abut 20 metres, Millie used a l 74 t make the cave wall bright. They saw sme animals with different c 75 , “Ww! They are s beautiful, and these are better than stalactites!” Emmanuel shuted excitedly.
六、书面表达（满分15分）
76．随着社会的发展，我们的生活变得越来越好。学校英语角本周的主题是“changes arund us”。请你根据下表中的提示，用英语写一篇短文，谈谈自己的看法。
注意：
1.必须包括所有要点，不要逐词翻译，可以适当发挥，使短文语言通顺，意思连贯；
2.词数70左右，文章的开头已经给出，不计入总词数；
3.文中不得出现你的真实姓名和学校名称。
In the past few years, great changes have taken place arund us.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Place f interest
Water Cube (水立方)
West Lake
Disneyland
Dragn Twer
Lcatin (位置)
Beijing
Hangzhu
Hng Kng
Harbin
Phne Number
010--28135589
0571--68345579
00852--28029822
0451--81187899
Price f ticket
￥60
￥50
￥300
￥150
Feature (特色)
Special bubbly (气泡状的) design
The Brken Bridge
Cartn (卡通) characters
Skywalk
finished, care abut, stands fr, made a mistake, Excellent
The 56 f setting gals
Reasn
Gals can help yu be the 57 f yur wn life.
Winners
They make 58 n what they want and leave fr the destinatin withut 59 time r taking wrng turns.
60
They let life happen by accident and get 61 in the end.
Advice
62 dwn the gals.
Yu can review the gals 63 . Yu can 64 the gals easily.
Yu can 65 where yu are cntinuusly.
参考答案：
1．C
【详解】句意：昨天对陈先生进行了一次面试。但遗憾的是我错过了开头。
考查冠词辨析。第一空表示泛指，且interview是以元音音素开头，所以第一空填an。第二空表示特指，所以第二空填the，故选C。
2．B
【详解】句意：——你有没有听说过一位叫格林夫人的女士？——不，我想我没有。
考查副词辨析。already已经；ever曾经；never从未；just刚刚。根据“Have f a lady called Mrs. Green”可知，ever“曾经、从来”符合题意。故选B。
3．D
【详解】句意：我的朋友太少了，我不得不一个人住在这所学校，所以我有时感到孤独和无助。
考查词义辨析。lnely孤独的，形容词；alne单独，独自，既可作形容词也可作副词。根据“I have s few friends”可知，是一个人住在学校，并感到孤独，第一空修饰动词live应用副词alne，第二空是系表结构，feel lnely意为“感到孤独”，故选D。
4．A
【详解】句意：谁把我的自行车拿走了？刚才还在这儿呢。
考查动词时态。根据“It was here just nw.”可知，此处强调现在车子已经不在了，过去发生的事情对现在造成了影响，需用现在完成时（have/has dne）。故选A。
5．C
【详解】句意：过山车高速移动，让我们在整个旅程中尖叫。
考查介词辨析。at在；in在里面；acrss从表面穿过；thrugh从内部穿过。短语at high speed表示“以高速”，根据“the whle ride”可知是整个过程中，应用thrugh表示“贯穿”。故选C。
6．C
【详解】句意： ——当你看到阅兵朝我们走过来时感到兴奋吗？——当然。那是最令人兴奋的瞬间。
考查形容词辨析。Excited感到兴奋的，常用来形容人的心理；exciting令人兴奋的，用来形容物。结合语境此题选C。
7．A
【详解】句意：——这个城市最好的公园是什么？——当然是东湖公园。我上周去过那里，我去过那里很多次。
考查谓语动词时态。根据“last week”可知应用一般过去时，谓语动词需用过去式；根据“many times”可知应用现在完成时，have been there表示“去过那里”，人已经回来，符合题意。故选A。
8．B
【详解】句意：当舞蹈演员停下来向我们微笑时，我们都兴奋地喊了起来。
考查非谓语动词。stp t d sth“停下来去做某事”；can’t stp ding sth“忍不住做某事”。第一空根据“When the dancers us”可知，此处是指停下来微笑，因此用不定式t smile；第二空根据“we all culdn’t stp”可知，此处是指忍不住叫喊，因此用动名词shuting。故选B。
9．D
【详解】句意：她过去常乘公共汽车上学，但现在她习惯步行上学。
考查动词短语。used t d sth.“过去常常做某事” ，可知空格1填动词原形，排除A和C；be used t ding sth.“习惯于做某事”，可知空格2填动名词，排除B；故选D。
10．B
【详解】句意：扬州有许多旅游景点，如细长西湖、东莞街等。
考查介词短语。fr example例如（通常作插入语，位于句子之间）；such as例如（用法与介词相同，后接名词）；in fact事实上；abve all首先。根据“There are many turist attractins in Yangzhu, West Lake, Dngguan street and s n”可知，此处在举例，且Slender West Lake, Dngguan street都是名词，因此用such as。故选B。
11．A
【详解】句意：在这个学期结束时，我相信我会得到更好的成绩，因为我学习非常努力。
考查介词短语辨析。At the end f在……结尾；In the end最后。根据“this term”可知应表示“在学期的结尾”。故选A。
12．D
【详解】句意：会议两个小时前就开始了。已经开始了两个小时了。
考查时态。第一空根据“2 hurs ag”可知，需用一般过去时，因此用started。第二空根据“fr 2 hurs”可知，需用现在完成时，且动词用延续性动词，be n是延续性动词。故选D。
13．B
【详解】本题考查：时态辨析。选项分析：依据 ten years可知此处用has been，表示一个持续的概念。we last met in Beijing我们上次在北京见面。强调的是上次，发生在过去，故用过去时。综合分析前后句， 可知此处填has been; met最合适，完整句意为：It has been ten years since we last met in Beijing.自从我们上次在北京见面已经十年了。正确答案为：B
【点睛】现在完成时与过去时的区别。现在完成时主要强调对现在的影响。二者的区别最主要的是看时间状语。“一般过去时”所关心的是过去之事,与现在无联系，常带有表示过去某个时间的状语；现在完成时所关心的是过去发生的事，与现在有影响和联系，对现在产生某种结果；现在完成时强调过去与现在的联系，语句译成汉语后常常带有“已经……了”或“……了”的含义。（1）现在完成时与fr或since引起的短语连用时，表达从过去开始的动作或状态延续至今，而一般过去时与“fr＋一段时间”连用时，只指过去的动作或状态在过去延续了多长时间。一般过去时带有表示过去某时刻的时间状态，如yesterday,last year(mnth,week,night)，in 1980…（2）现在完成时所带时间状语包含说话时在内,如tday,this week(mnth,year),these days(years)或与说话时非常接近，如recently,just,in(during) the past three years。
14．C
【详解】句意：——这个人可能不是一个好父亲，但在某些方面他是一个好警察。——是的，我同意你的看法。他花太多时间工作，没有时间陪伴家人。
考查介词短语辨析。by the way顺便；in this way这样；in sme ways在某些方面；n the way在路上。根据“he is a gd pliceman.”可知他是一个好警察，应用in sme ways符合题意。故选C。
15．A
【详解】句意：——你的动物园之旅怎么样？——非常棒。我甚至和熊猫拍了一些照片。
考查情景交际。Fantastic好极了；Can’t be wrse不能更糟了；Pr thing可怜的人儿；Terrible糟糕的。根据“I even tk sme phts with the panda.”可知，动物园之行很棒，应用Fantastic。故选A。
16．A 17．B 18．C 19．B 20．D 21．A 22．D 23．A 24．D 25．C
【分析】本文主要讲述了作者去郑州开个商务会议，乘坐了中国高铁的体会。
16．句意：中国高速铁路质量全靠自己。像北京这样的一线城市每天都有几百列高速列车停靠在城市。
city城市；twn城镇；village村庄；cuntry国家。根据前面“like Beijing”，可知像北京这样的属于一线城市，故选A。
17．句意：中国在铁路建设方面的技术领先世界。
accepting接受；leading引导；fllwing跟随；refusing拒绝。根据下句“There is n sign that any ther cuntry culd be better than China in near future.”没有迹象表明，在不久的将来，任何其他国家都可能比中国更好。可知中国的铁路建设技术在世界上处于领先地位，故选B。
18．句意：没有迹象表明任何其他国家在不久的将来都能比中国好。
flag旗帜；frm表格；sign标志；actin行动。根据上句中国的铁路建设技术在世界上处于领先地位，可知没有迹象表明，在不久的将来，任何其他国家都可能比中国更好，故选C。
19．句意：上周我在郑州开商务会议时，第一次有机会坐高铁。
thugh虽然；when当…...时；if如果；unless除非。根据句意，可知是在上周郑州开商务会议时，我第一次有机会乘坐高铁。应该是when引导的时间状语从句，故选B。
20．句意：我从小对公共交通有偏见。
gt up起床；wke up醒来；gave up放弃；grew up生长。动词短语 grw up with意为“伴随……成长”，根据语境可知，我从小就对公共交通不屑一顾，故选D。
21．句意：我希望能乘飞机，但被告知如果我坐火车会好得多。
tk乘，带去；left离开；fund发现；prduced生产。动词短语take the train乘火车，故选A。
22．句意：火车太棒了。
slw慢的；wide宽的；bring无聊的；amazing令人称奇。根据下文“The trains are clean and the seats are huge.”火车很干净，座位也很大。可知火车之行很令人称奇，故选D。
23．句意：中国的高速列车处于不同的水平。火车是干净的，座位是很大的。
level水平；price价格；shape形状；backgrund背景。根据上句“had traveled n a train befre in the Us and hated hw slw it was and hw many stps there were.”我以前在美国乘过火车，讨厌火车这么慢，停了那么多站。和下句“The trains are clean and the seats are huge.”火车很干净，座位也很大。可知中国的高铁是另一个水平，故选A。
24．句意：如果没有窗户，我就不能分辨我们什么时候停下来，又是什么时候以300公里/小时的速度旅行——这是那么平稳。
seen看见；heard听见；served服务；stpped停止。根据“If there were n windws, I wuldn't be able t tell when we were”可知高铁的运行非常平稳，如果没有窗户，我就不知道我们什么时候停止了，故选D。
25．句意：这周我又乘火车旅行了，我很兴奋。
busy忙碌的；funny有趣的；excited兴奋的；careful小心的。根据上文描述“I'm traveling again this week by train and I'm”，可知这次还要乘高铁，肯定很兴奋，故选C。
26．C 27．B 28．A
【导语】本文介绍了水立方、西湖、迪斯尼乐园、龙塔等一些名胜的相关信息如地理位置、联系电话、票价以及特色等等。
26．细节理解题。根据第三行第二列可知可以拨打0l0一28135589获取有关水立方的消息，故选C。
27．细节理解题。根据第四行第五列可知鸟瞰哈尔滨的票价是￥150。由此可知两个人都去要花费300元，故选B。
28．推理判断题。根据第五行的描述可知水立方的设计是特殊的，A选项表述正确，故选A。
29．B 30．D 31．A 32．D
【分析】本文介绍了水力飞船的原理和优势。
29．主旨大意题。根据In the future, peple may travel t Mars (火星) by water-pwered spaceship，可知，本文主要介绍了在未来，人们可能会乘坐水力飞船去火星旅行，并介绍了这种飞船的原理和优势。故选B。
30．词义猜测题。根据上一句“Tday's spaceships culd nt carry that much water.”可知现在的飞船是不能携带太多的水，而新的飞船是可以的，故划线处后面省略的是“carry that much water”。故选D。
31．细节理解题。根据And the peple n the spaceship might even get t take a ht bath，可知，宇航员甚至可以用剩下的水来洗个热水澡。故选A。
32．推理判断题。根据In the future, peple may travel t Mars (火星) by water-pwered spaceship，可知，本文主要讲述的是在未来，人们可能会乘坐水力飞船去火星旅行，并且下文介绍了水力飞船的原理和优势，这些是有关“宇宙飞行”的内容，所以我们可以从“宇宙飞行”的网站看到这篇文章。故选D。
33．C 34．B 35．A 36．B
【导语】本文讲了夏令时的起源，用途及在欧盟各国的执行和废除情况。
33．推理判断题。根据“They mve frward by ne hur (12 p.m. becmes 1 p.m.) n the last Sunday f March and back by ne hur (1 p.m. ges back t 12 p.m.) n the last Sunday in Octber.” 可知，夏令时从3月的最后一个星期天到10月的最后一个星期天，共持续7个月。故选C。
34．细节理解题。根据“DST was first intrduced in Germany during the Wrld Wars and became law acrss the cntinent (大陆) in 1996.”可知，夏令时在世界大战期间首次在德国引入。故选B。
35．细节理解题。根据“It helps peple make better use f lnger summer days and save energy.”可知，实行夏令时是为了帮助人们更好地利用较长的夏日，节约能源。故选A。
36．段落大意题。根据“Hwever, after ver 20 years f DST, peple believe that the practice is ut f date, especially since we nw have energy-saving technlgy like LED light…”可知，人们认为夏令时这做法已经过时了，特别是我们现在有了像LED灯这样的节能技术。结合“Others have pinted ut that clck changing can lead t imbalance (失衡) in ur bdies’ internal (体内的) clcks and cause lng-term health prblems,”可知，生物钟改变会导致人体内部生物钟失衡，并导致长期健康问题。所以这是在说改变时钟已经不再需要。故选B。
37．C 38．D 39．B 40．B
【导语】本文主要介绍了一条贯穿整个苏格兰地区的景色非常漂亮的公路，同时这条公路也给当地带来了巨大的经济效益。
37．细节理解题。根据文中“Sme cuntries are famus fr their rads. …The US, after all, is a large land with a netwrk f rads built fr travel and cmmunicatins. ”及“One rad in special, Rute 66, stands fr the imprtance f rad travel in the US. … Indeed, many films and nvels have been prduced abut it.”可知，第一段和第二段主要介绍了这条公路在美国的重要性及它的文化背景，故选C。
38．细节理解题。根据文中“It takes travelers wh wish t drive the whle rute arund the cast f the nrth f Sctland and acrss the cuntry.”可知，这是一条环绕苏格兰北部的海岸线。故选D。
39．细节理解题。根据文中“It’s the scenery, which is best viewed in spring, accrding t Travel magazine. During that time, travelers can enjy “sparkling lakes, valleys filled with blssming trees, and views f the mineral- blue cean and strawberry-blnde beaches”.”可知，它向游客展示了美丽的风景。故选B。
40．细节理解题。根据文中“The intrductin f the rute has dne wnders fr the regin’s ecnmy (经济). …In fact, It’s believed that the nrth f Sctland is nw £9 millin (77 millin yuan) richer a year because f it.”可知，它帮助改善了经济。故选B。
41．situatin
【详解】句意：报告称，由于战争，这个小国的形势正在恶化。situatin“形势”，根据“is”可知，使用名词单数形式，故填situatin。
42．internatinal
【详解】句意：大多数跨国公司都是从小型家族企业发展起来的。“国际的”internatinal，形容词作定语。故填internatinal。
43．last/finally
【详解】句意：你知道谁在运动会上最后发言吗？根据中文提示和“spke”可知，需要副词修饰动词，last/finally“最后”符合句意。故填last/finally。
44．except
【详解】句意：——所有人都在教室里吗？——除了李东，我们都在这里。我们不知道他去哪儿了。根据“We have n idea where he has gne.”可知，李东不包含在内，用except表示“除了”，故填except。
45．envirnment
【详解】句意：办公室很明亮，很整洁。你会喜欢愉快的工作环境。envirnment“环境”，wrking envirnment“工作环境”，在动词后作宾语，故填envirnment。
46．has eaten
【详解】句意：这孩子把盘子里的食物都吃光了。现在上面什么都没有了。根据“Nw there isn’t anything n it.”可知过去吃光了食物对现在造成的影响是盘子里什么都没有了，用现在完成时，其结构为have/has dne，主语“The child”后接助动词has，eat的过去分词形式为eaten。故填has eaten。
47．impssible
【详解】句意：有小孩的会员经常发现无法参加晚间聚会。根据“Members with yung children”和生活常识可知，有小孩的成员常常无法参加晚会，impssible“不可能”符合句意。故填impssible。
48．natural
【详解】句意：英国有很多像湖区这样的自然景观。根据“sights”可知此处用形容词作定语，nature的形容词natural意为“自然的”，符合语境。故填natural。
49．musicals
【详解】句意：我认为《理发师陶德》是过去15年来最好的音乐剧之一。根据“Sweeney Tdd”可知此处讲《理发师陶德》，这是一部音乐剧，此处用“ne f the+形容词最高级+可数名词复数”表示“最……的……之一”，music的变形musical意为“音乐剧”。故填musicals。
50．taking
【详解】句意：作为一名登山者，阿伦习惯于冒险。根据固定搭配“习惯做某事：be used t ding sth.”可知，空处填take的动名词taking。故填taking。
51．stands fr 52．care abut
53．finished 54．Excellent 55．made a mistake
【导语】本文讲述了安迪和家人一起建狗屋的过程。
51．句意：LOL代表大声笑出来。根据“ ut lud”可知此处解释LOL的含义，结合选词可知，stands fr“代表”符合语境，故填stands fr。
52．句意：正如我们所知，安迪和他的父母非常关心他们的小狗。根据“Andy and his puppy a lt.”以及下文介绍给狗建造房子可知，安迪和他的父母非常关心他们的小狗。care abut“关心”符合语境，故填care abut。
53．句意：当工作完成时，他们感觉很棒，认为这将是他们小狗的理想家园。根据“They felt great when the wrk was”结合选词可知是指给狗建造房子这项工作完成了。finished“完成”符合语境，故填finished。
54．句意：棒极了。根据感叹号可知此处指作评价，结合选词可知Excellent“棒极了”符合语境，故填Excellent。
55．句意：我们犯了一个错误。根据下文“Yes, the huse had NO dr! It was time t LOL at their mistake.”可知他们犯了一个错误，应用made a mistake表示。故填made a mistake。
56．imprtance 57．master/cntrller/leader 58．decisins 59．wasting 60．Lsers 61．nwhere/nthing 62．Write 63．regularly 64．remember 65．realize/knw
【导语】本文通过两个司机的对比，说明设定目标的重要性，指出生活中的成功者会设定目标并坚持到底，建议我们写下目标，这样更有力量，更有可能实现。
56．根据“Why is setting gals imprtant? Because gals can help yu d, be, and experience everything yu want in life”可知，本文主要介绍了设立目标的重要性，根据“The…f”可知，此空应填名词imprtance“重要性”，故填imprtance。
57．根据“By setting gals yu are taking cntrl f yur life”可知，目标可以帮助你成为自己生活的主人/领导者，master“主人”；cntrller“控制者”：leader“领导者”，此空应填名词的单数形式，故填master/cntrller/leader。
58．根据“Winners in life set gals and fllw thrugh n them. They decide what they want in life and then get there by making plans and setting gals”可知，他们决定好自己想要什么，然后出发去目的地，而不会浪费时间或拐错弯，make decisins“做决定”，故填decisins。
59．根据“She can drive straight there withut any wasted time r wrng turns”可知，直接奔着目标去，不浪费时间，不走弯路，waste“浪费”，withut是介词，后接动名词，故填wasting。
60．根据“Unsuccessful peple just let life happen by accident”可知，失败的人只是让生活随意进行，此处要描述的是和winner相对的一类人，unsuccessful peple可用lser的复数lsers替换，故填Lsers。
61．根据“But she drivers aimlessly arund, never getting anywhere, just using up gas and il”可知，没有目的的转圈，哪也没去，此空应填否定词nwhere“任何地方都不”或nthing“没什么”，故填nwhere/nthing。
62．根据“Written gals can be reviewed regularly”可知，此处指写下目标，此句是祈使句的肯定形式，此空应填动词原形，故填Write。
63．根据“Written gals can be reviewed regularly, and have mre pwer.”可知，可以有规律地回顾目标，故填regularly。
64．根据“they are harder t neglect r frget”可知，它们更难忽视或忘记，也就是更容易记住，情态动词can后接动词原形，故填remember。
65．根据“yu are able t make yurself cntinuusly aware(意识到的) f situatins that will bring yu nearer t yur gals”可知，可以持续地意识到自己在哪，realize“意识到”，knw“知道”，情态动词can后接动词原形，故填realize/knw。
66．(f)amus 67．(b)ecause 68．(a)dvised/(a)sked 69．(p)rtect 70．()ffered 71．(c)ler/(c)lder 72．(i)nside 73．(s)pecial 74．(l)ight 75．(c)lurs/(c)lrs
【导语】本文介绍了一次有趣的洞穴旅行，且这个旅行地是世界上六个最著名的洞穴之一。
66．句意：它是世界上六个最著名的洞穴之一。“ne f the + 形容词最高级+名词复数”表示“……之一”；根据“it is a great cave”可知这是一个很棒的洞穴，结合首字母应是“著名的”。故填(f)amus。
67．句意：他们和其他家人坐在一棵大树下等待Millie，因为Millie非常熟悉这个洞穴。后句和前句之间是因果关系，因此填because引导原因状语从句。故填(b)ecause。
68．句意：Millie到达后，她向每个人问好，然后建议他们把包放在洞穴外面。根据“put their bags utside the cave”可知把包放在洞穴外面是Millie说的/建议的/要求的；且根据said可知是一般过去时态。故填(a)dvised/(a)sked。
69．句意：“我们都知道这是一个有着悠久历史的大洞穴，所以我们保护这个洞穴不被东西刷墙是很重要的，”Millie说。“保护……免受”，符合句意；此处不定式做真正的主语。故填(p)rtect。
70．句意：当他们放下行李时，她又提出了一条建议。ffer advice“提供建议”，符合句意；根据when引导的时间状语从句时态可知此处为一般过去时。故填()ffered。
71．句意：山洞里凉快/冷得多。根据“If yu have jackets r cats, please keep them with yu.”可知如果你有夹克或外套，请随身携带。推知洞穴凉爽/寒冷；much修饰比较级。故填(c)ler/(c)lder。
72．句意：在他们进入洞穴之前，男孩们以为会有一些钟乳石，但一旦进入洞穴，他们就没有发现任何钟乳石。此处与“Befre they entered the cave”意为“在他们进入洞穴之前”做对比，指进入里面之后。故填(i)nside。
73．句意：这没什么特别的。根据“There is n difference between this cave and thers.”可知这个洞穴和其他洞穴没有区别。因此没什么特别的。故填(s)pecial。
74．句意：走了大约20米后，Millie用灯光照亮了洞壁。根据“make the cave wall bright”可知照亮了洞壁需要用灯光，a修饰可数名词单数。故填(l)ight。
75．句意：他们看到了一些不同颜色的动物：“哇！它们太漂亮了，而且比钟乳石还好看！”根据“They are s beautiful”可知很好看，结合首字母推知是颜色；different修饰可数名词复数。故填(c)lurs/(c)lrs。
76．例文
In the past few years, great changes have taken place arund us.
As fr travel, many peple enjy travelling in their spare time. Sme peple like travelling nline and mre and mre peple can affrd t travel abrad. Our studies are als changing. Fr example, mre and mre students shw an interest in reading and mre grup wrk and discussins are dne in class, which can help us learn mre. Mre and mre peple have their wn cars. At the same time, mre and mre peple prefer t walk t schl instead f driving. And high-speed trains make peple travel faster and easier. Our envirnment changes a lt, t. The air is fresher and the water is cleaner. We ften take a walk happily in the park.
In a wrd, ur life is becming better and better. We lk frward t a better future.
【详解】[总体分析]
①题材：本文是一篇材料作文。
②时态：本文以一般现在时为主。
③提示：根据题干中的提示要点介绍我们周围的变化，可适当增加细节。
[写作步骤]
①第一步，点明主旨：我们周围的生活发生了巨大的变化；
②第二步，结合题干中所给的要点，从旅行、学习、交通和环境、生活方面来介绍发生的改变；
③第三步，总结全文，生活越来越好，要对更好的未来保持期待。
[亮点词汇]
①in ne’s spare time在某人业余时间
②shw an interest in对……表现出兴趣
③travel abrad出国旅游
④prefer t d更喜欢做……
[高分句型]
①Fr example, mre and mre students shw an interest in reading and mre grup wrk and discussins are dne in class, which can help us learn mre. (which引导非限制性定语从句)
②In a wrd, ur life is becming better and better.(“比较级+比较级”表示“越来越……”)