备考2024届高考英语一轮复习讲义第一部分过透教材Unit4HistoryandTraditions新人教版必修第二册

这是一份备考2024届高考英语一轮复习讲义第一部分过透教材Unit4HistoryandTraditions新人教版必修第二册，共7页。
Are yu eager t knw abut the United Kingdm？ The cuntry’s fascinatinglandscapes ffer a true feast fr yur eyes and inspire great pets. But are yu puzzled by its several names？ Since I visited galleries and apprached the lcal individuals，I’ve knwn mre abut its histry. In the 16th century， the nearby cuntry f Wales was jinedt the Kingdm f England. Later，Sctlandaswellas Ireland was jined t the cuntry. In the 20th century， the suthern part f Ireland annunced that it brkeawayfrm the UK， resulting in the full name we have tday： the United Kingdm f Great Britain and NrthernIreland.
Belngingt the UK， the fur cuntries use the same flag and share the same currency and militarydefence. Hwever， they have different educatin systems and legal systems. Almst everywhere yu g， yu’ll find yurself surrunded by amunts f evidence f fur different grups f peple wh tk charge f the land at different times. Studying its histry will ensure yur visit is much mre enjyable.
1 surrundvt.围绕；包围
1.[人教选必③－3]The beautiful Li River and its amazing surrunding （surrund） scenery is ne f the mst well-knwn turist destinatins in China’s Guangxi Zhuang Autnmus Regin.
2.[外研必修③－1]When Riley mves t a new city， she has a hard time adjusting t her new surrundings （surrund）.
3.绿树环绕，这个农场坐落于我们学校附近的山脚下。一条小河穿行其中。（景色描写）
Surrunded by green trees ， the farm is lcated at the ft f the hill near ur schl.There is a small river flwing thrugh the farm.
2 chargen.收费；指控；主管 vt.&vi.收费 vt.控告；充电
4.[人教选必②－1]He（Qian Xuesen） received a her’s welcme frm his hmeland and was put in charge f nt nly develping China’s rcket science but als its space and missile prgramme.
5.[人教选必④－1]Whever is charged with a crime shuld be presumed inncent until prven therwise.
6.The fees they charge fr their guarantee f quality will be raised next mnth.
7.得知这些花是给孤儿院的孩子们的，慷慨的店主把花免费给了我们。
Knwing the flwers were fr the kids in the rphanage， the generus shp wner gave us the flwers free f charge .
8.我是"Talk and Talk"节目的负责人。我很荣幸能邀请您参加现场脱口秀。（邀请信）
I am in charge f the prgram "Talk and Talk" . I am much hnred t invite yu fr a live talk shw.
3 amuntn.金额；数量 vi.总计；相当于，等于
1.[外研选必④－5]Althugh the brain amunts t nly abut 2％ f ttal bdy weight， it uses up t 20％ f the bdy’s energy - mre than any ther rgan.
2.[北师必修③－8]The amunt f waste in landfills in China has risen （rise） expnentially（以指数方式） ver the last decade.
点拨
the amunt f表示"……的数量"，修饰不可数名词，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式，再根据句中的"ver the last decade"可知，空处应用现在完成时。注意rise的过去分词形式为risen。
3.[北师必修③－8]A huge amunt f waste — 800，000 tnnes — is imprted （imprt） each year t prduce Sweden’s electricity.
4.[北师选必②－6]As present-day advertisers ften have large budgets， huge amunts f mney are spent （spend） n applying mdern design techniques t make these advertisements as visually attractive as pssible.
点拨
1.句意：由于当今的广告商往往有庞大的预算，他们花了大量的钱来应用现代设计技术，使这些广告尽可能地具有视觉吸引力。
2.a huge amunt f和huge amunts f都表示"大量的"，修饰不可数名词，作主语时，谓语动词的数要与amunt保持一致。易混点："large quantities/amunts f＋n."作主语时谓语动词用复数，而"a large quantity f＋n."作主语时谓语动词的数取决于f后面的名词。
4 apprachn.方法；途径；接近 vt.接近；接洽；着手处理 vt.&vi.靠近
1.给下列句子中的画线部分选择合适的英文释义
A. a methdB. mvement twards r near t sth.C. t deal with
①[外研必修③－1]Apprached in this way， yur friendship will sn be repaired. C
②While this apprach is effective in lsing weight， it is nt as beneficial as keeping a balanced diet. A
③She std up t greet him as sn as she nticed his apprach. B
2.The best apprach t achieving （achieve） a gal is t devte 100％ f yur time and energy t it.
点拨
apprach后的t为介词，其后要用动词-ing形式作宾语。常见的其后跟介词t的名词还有answer， key， slutin， entrance等。
3.With the cming f the spring， everything is cming t life again.
→① As the spring appraches ， everything is cming t life again. （as引导状语从句，apprach）
→② With the spring appraching ， everything is cming t life again. （with复合结构，apprach）
5 eageradj.热切的；渴望的
1.[人教选必②－2]British peple are fascinated by ur culture and eager t learn （learn） mre abut it， s I’m keen t share my culture with them.
2.[外研必修①－1]I wke up early and rushed ut f the dr in my eagerness （eager） t get t knw my new schl.
3.As the Spring Festival is appraching， the children eagerly （eager） lk frward t meeting their grandparents in the hmetwn.
4.面对这么多问题，我渴望得到你的帮助。（求助信）
→① Facing s many prblems， I am eager fr yur help. （现在分词作状语， be eager fr）
→② Faced with s many prblems， I am eager t get yur help. （过去分词作状语， be eager t d）
6 breakaway（frmsb./sth.）脱离；背叛；逃脱
用break的相关短语完成句子
1.He was charging his car when the fire brke ut .
2.[外研必修②－6]It takes hundreds f years fr plastic t break dwn ， but much less time fr paper.
3.My dg suddenly brke away frm me， charged at the dr and began t bark fiercely.
点拨
此处charge作动词，意为"向……方向冲去"。如：
The children charged dwn the stairs. 孩子们冲下了楼梯。
4.This stry f friendship is tuching because it shws hw friendship can break thrugh ur physical weaknesses t cnnect ur hearts.
5.Her little face brke int a smile when her father came arund the crner. （读后续写之神态描写）
7 belngt属于
1.When I was waiting n the stage t be awarded， I culdn’t help thinking that this prize belnged t every ne f ur team.
2.Please make sure yu have all yur belngings （belng） with yu when leaving the plane.
3.Family albums create a strng sense f belnging （强烈的归属感） fr family members.
4.这个酒馆是我邻居的，他为了独立已经脱离了家庭。
The pub belngs t my neighbr， wh has brken away frm his family t be independent. （wh引导非限制性定语从句）
8 aswellas同（一样也）；和；还
1.[外研必修②－6]This includes keeping the riginal envirnment frm being tuched， as well as adpting （adpt）new， sustainable ways f feeding farm animals.
2.[人教选必②－2]As well as studying （study） hard， I’ve been invlved in scial activities.
点拨
此处as well as为介词，表示"除……之外"，故其后应用动词-ing形式作宾语。句意：除了努力学习，我还参加了社交活动。
3.The fascinating landscape as well as the unique lcal dishes makes （make） the island ne f America’s mst ppular turist destinatins.（景点介绍）
点拨
as well as在此连接两个并列主语，谓语的数应与前面的The fascinating landscape保持一致。有类似用法的词语还有with， alng with， tgether with， rather than， besides， but， except等，如：
The mther，tgether with her children， has gne t the cuntryside t visit their grandparents.
4.I am fnd f listening t English sngs， and I als like reading English nvels.
→I am fnd f listening t English sngs as well as reading English nvels . （写作升级）
9 with复合结构
1.With s many prblems t apprach （apprach）， we decided t hld anther meeting as sn as pssible.
2.The mment I walked int the gallery， I nticed the painter， with his eyes fcused （fcus） n a statue.
3.The park is always crwded n weekends， with large numbers f peple enjying （enjy） themselves there.
4. With tears in his eyes （眼里含着泪水）， the elder sldier std there still， watching the red flag rising t the air.（读后续写之神态描写）
10 if省略结构
if nt if any if pssible if s if necessary
1.[外研必修①－1]Yu must have had sme mments when yu were disappinted. If s ， hw did yu deal with them？
2.Des this bag belng t yu？ If nt ， we surely must find the wner.
3. If pssible ， keep a spare pair f glasses accessible in case yur main pair is brken r lst.
4. If necessary ， yu can ring me and I will cme in n time.
5.After finishing writing， we need t exchange the pems with ur partners， and crrect each ther’s mistakes if any .
常见的动词词缀
前缀en-，后缀-en，-ize/-ise，-ify都是常见的动词词缀。
1.It’s imprtant t memrize （memry） these regulatins befre taking the cntest.
2.Only by practising day in and day ut can yu sharpen （sharp） yur skills.
3.Our tur als includes a chance t walk in the ftsteps f Xu Xiake. Fields f flwers， tile-rfed（瓦屋顶）villages and tasty meals enrich （rich） this wnderful experience.
4.The theme f the Exp was t prmte cultural exchange and strengthen （strength） mutual cperatin between the cuntries alng the Silk Rad.
5.The cmputer has simplified （simply） the difficult task f teaching reading t the deaf.★ 用……包围……
be surrunded by/with... 被……包围
★surrunding adj.周围的，附近的
surrundings n.环境
★charge fr... 收……的费用
charge sb. mney fr sth.因某事向某人收费
charge sb. with （ding） sth. 控告/指控某人（做）某事
★free f charge （＝fr free）免费
take charge f 掌管，负责
in charge f 主管，负责
in the charge f sb.＝in sb.’s charge由某人掌管
★amunt t 共计，总计
★the amunt f ＋不可数名词……的数量（作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式）
a large/small amunt f＋n. [U]＋v. （单数）
large/small amunts f＋n. [U]＋v. （复数）
★the apprach t... ……的方法；通往……的道路（t为介词）
the apprach t （ding） sth.（做）某事的方式/方法
the apprach f... ……的来临/临近
★其他表示"方式、方法"的表达：
in a（n）；in this way；by means f...；with this methd；the methd f/fr （ding） sth.
★be eager fr... 渴求得到……
be eager t d sth. 渴望做某事
★eagerly adv.急切地
eagerness n.渴望，热切
★"渴望做某事"的其他表达：
lng t d sth.； be dying t d sth.；
be anxius t d sth.
★break dwn破坏；（使）分解；（机器等）出故障，（车辆等）抛锚；（身体）出毛病，垮掉；（计划等）失败；消除（某种感情或态度）
break in 打断，插话；破门而入
break int强行闯入；突然开始
break ut（战争、火灾等）爆发，突然发生
break thrugh 突破，冲破
break up破碎；解散；结束
★belng t无被动语态和进行时态；其后接名词或代词作宾语，但不能接名词所有格或名词性物主代词。
★belnging n. [U]归属；[pl.]所有物
a sense f belnging归属感
★作并列连词，表示"和，也"，连接并列成分；连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词与as well as前面的成分在人称和数上保持一致。
★作介词，表示"除……之外"，相当于besides和in additin t。
★表示同级比较，意为"和……一样好"，此时well是副词。
★with＋宾语＋adj./adv./介词短语
with＋宾语＋t d（表示动作尚未发生）
with＋宾语＋ding（表示主动、动作正在进行）
with＋宾语＋dne（表示被动、动作已完成）
★if any即使有，如果有的话
if nt如果不是这样的话；不然
if s如果是这样的话
if ever如果有过/发生过的话
if necessary如果有必要的话
if pssible如果可能的话
en-
使处于……状态
-en
使，使成为，变得
-ize/-ise
使……化
-ify
使……化
本单元
ensure vt.保证；确保；担保
拓展
enlarge vt.&vi.扩大
braden vi.变宽，变阔
mdernize vi.&vt.使现代化
unify vi.&vt.统一，使成一体
endanger vt.使遭受危险；危害
blacken vi.&vt.（使）变黑
realize vt.实现
purify vt.提纯；使洁净
encurage vt.鼓励；激励
sadden vt.使悲伤
civilize vt.教化；使文明
classify vt.将……分类