备考2024届高考英语一轮复习讲义第一部分过透教材Unit4AdversityandCourage新人教版选择性必修第三册

这是一份备考2024届高考英语一轮复习讲义第一部分过透教材Unit4AdversityandCourage新人教版选择性必修第三册，共7页。
I happened t read abut the Antarctic expeditin in an advertisement. As I was enthusiastic and full f vigur， I applied t jin it. Hwever， Shackletnturned me dwn because he thught I was nt qualified. I secretly went abard， hiding in a cupbard but was discvered later in the vyage. Shacklelnassigned me a task. I began t imagine hw I wuld be envied by my friends after returning. What a naive mtive！ The jurney was nt easy. Unfrtunately， ur ship was crushed by the ice and sank thrughly. Having abandned the ship， the crew camped n a miserable island， carrying nly the essential supplies like fd，stves， clthes and blankets withut any persnal belngings. Shackletn left us t find help. There， struggling t stay alive， we used animal fat t make fire. The burning fatgave ffblack smke. I was inspired by their genuine cncern fr and lyalty t thers. Faith in Shackletn’scmmitment t save us had helped us persevere in staying alive. Under the guidance f Shackletn， we were rescued at last and free t enjy decent fd andcsy bedrms again.
1 abardadv.&prep.上（船、飞机、公共汽车等）；在（船、飞机、公共汽车等）上
1.abard abrad brad
①I used t travel abrad a lt with my parents when I was a little child.
②After reaching the finish line， he waved t his classmates with a brad smile.
③The plane crashed， killing all 157 passengers abard .
2.她一登上飞机，就意识到她忘了带给姑姑的礼物。
→①The mment she went abard （the plane） ， she realized that she frgt t bring the gift fr her aunt. （abard）
→②The mment she barded the plane/she went n bard ， she realized that she frgt t bring the gift fr her aunt.（bard）
2 envyn.&vt.羡慕；妒忌
1.All f the students envied him winning （win） the first prize and sent their cngratulatins.
2.She saw the envius （envy） lk in the ther peple’s eyes when she was assigned t the mst decent jb.
3.They lked with envy at her latest purchase， a precius ld bk.
点拨
with envy相当于副词enviusly。类似的还有with happiness/jy/kindness等。
4.妈妈是我的榜样。我羡慕她在逆境中的决心和毅力。（人物塑造）
→① My mther is my rle mdel. I envy her reslutin and perseverance even in the face f adversity.（envy）
→② My mther is my rle mdel. I am envius f her reslutin and perseverance even in the face f adversity.（envius）
3 abandnvt.舍弃，离开（leave）；放弃，停止；抛弃，遗弃；沉湎于
1.At the party， we sang， danced， and laughed with wild abandn， frgetting all the trubles in ur lives.（读后续写之情感描写）
2.When walking in the frest in the bitter cld， they came acrss an ld abandned （abandn） cttage.
3.史蒂文沉湎于丢失了他的猫的悲伤中，禁不住哭了起来。（读后续写之情绪描写）
→ Abandning himself t the srrw f lsing his cat ，Steven just culdn’t help crying.（分词短语作状语）
4 reslvevi.决定，决心；表决 vt.解决（问题或困难） n.决心；坚定的信念
1.The gvernment restated its reslve t carry （carry） ut a thrugh investigatin and uncver the truth.
点拨
空前的reslve位于代词its之后，是名词。
2.We have reslved n making （make） an early start t g abard.
3. [人教选必③－4]Fr the whle mrning， the bard f directrs has been discussing the reslutin （reslve） t increase wages in the cming year.
4.为了解决冲突，首先你应该积极地在父母和你之间架起沟通的桥梁。（建议信）
In rder t reslve the cnflict ， yu ught t actively build a bridge f cmmunicatin between yur parents and yu at first.
5.我已决心追随她的脚步，致力于年轻人的教育。
→①I have reslved t fllw in her ftsteps and devte my life t the educatin f yung men. （reslve v.）
→②I have made a reslutin t fllw in her ftsteps and devte my life t the educatin f yung men. （reslutin）
点拨
表示"决心/决定做某事"的还有：decide t d sth.，make up ne’s mind t d sth.，determine t d sth.。
5 unfrtunatelyadv.不幸地；遗憾地
1.[人教必修③－3]Over 300，000 peple came frm all ver the wrld t seek their frtune （frtunate）， and San Francisc quickly became a big city.
2.[外研选必②－6] Frtunately （frtunate）， I have shelter， because the landing capsule prtects me frm the deadly radiatin utside.
3.Recently， I have been busy preparing fr the cllege entrance examinatin， but unfrtunately I find it quite hard t cncentrate n my study （但不幸的是，我发现集中精力学习很困难）.
4.我很幸运，和父母一起参观了全国各地的许多博物馆。
→① I was frtunate t visit many museums acrss the cuntry with my parents.（不定式）
→② It was frtunate fr me that I visited many museums acrss the cuntry with my parents.（it作形式主语）
6 cmmitmentn.承诺，保证；已承诺的事；奉献，忠诚；花费
1.[人教选必①－1]Tu Yuyu， a cmmitted （cmmit） and patient scientist， was brn in Ningb， China， n 30 December 1930...
2.[人教选必③－4]They als had t have a strng reslutin t finish what they had started n matter hw hard it was， great persnal discipline， and a firm cmmitment （cmmit） t the ther members f the team.
3.[北师选必①－2]Hwever， Lang Ping’s cmmitment t Chinese vlleyball brught her back hme.
4.如果我能成为你们中的一员，我将承诺尽我所能做好我的工作。（申请信）
→①If I can be a member f yur grup， I will make a cmmitment t d my jb t the best f my ability. （cmmitment）
→②If I can be a member f yur grup， I will be cmmitted t （ding） my jb t the best f my ability. （cmmitted）
7 turndwn拒绝（提议、建议或提议人）（refuse/reject/decline）；把……调低，关小
1.I began t break dwn in tears （开始情不自禁地哭起来） and hugged my father tightly.（读后续写之情绪描写）
2.他喝咖啡和吸烟都比以前少了，饮食也均衡了。
He cut dwn n cffee and cigarettes ， and ate a balanced diet.
3.书籍是贮存人类代代相传的智慧的珍宝。
Bks are treasures string wisdm passed dwn frm generatin t generatin .
4.他跪下来，低下头，以细看那株植物。（读后续写之动作描写）
He gt dwn n his knees and bent his head t get a clser lk at the plant.
8 giveff放出（热、光、气味或气体）
1.[北师选必①－2]Whenever he had mre than tw thusand dllars， he wuld give away small bank ntes t hmeless peple in the streets f lcal areas.
2.Any brrwed bk shuld be given back within a mnth.
3.His wages have given ut just because he bught tw pieces f furniture.
4.The pain was s sharp that I thught maybe I shuld stp and walk fr a minute， but I said t myself， "Stick t yur gal and never give up ！"
5.I pressed my parents until they finally gave in and permitted me t g abrad with my friend during the summer vacatin.
6.篝火发出温暖的光芒，他们平静下来开始欣赏星空。（读后续写之场景描写）
With the campfire giving ff/ut a warm glw/light ， they settled dwn and started t appreciate the starry sky.
点拨
表示"发出"的还有：send ut发出（信号、声音、光、热等）。
9 if引导的虚拟条件句
1.[人教必修③－2]Hw wuld the Cnfucian idea f fairness change sciety arund yu if everybdy started （start）practising fairness in everything？
2.If my cach had been there， everything wuld have been （be） all right then.
3.If the candidate were t recver tmrrw， the interview certainly wuld nt be cancelled （cancel）.
4.如果没有这次经历，她就不会意识到她应该花更多的时间和家人在一起。
If it hadn’t been fr this experience ， she wuldn’t have realized that she shuld spend mre time with her family.
点拨
If it had nt been fr... "如果当时没有……，要不是……"，fr后接名词，表示与过去事实相反的假设；If it were nt fr... "如果没有……"，表示与现在事实相反的假设。
否定词缀
本单元： un-（不）＋frtunately（幸运地）→unfrtunately不幸地
拓展：常见的否定词缀及其构成单词如下：
1.[外研选必④－5]Amng the many unslved mysteries abut dinsaurs， what really interests me is their disappearance （appear）.
2.[外研必修③－5]Althugh the 300 kg adult males can lk a bit scary — dn’t wrry， they’re harmless （harm）！— the yung seals will delight yu with their curisity...
3.[人教必修③－4]Befre the mid-20th century， mst peple felt travelling int space was an impssible （pssible） dream.
4.[2020浙江] First， remember that nte-taking shuld be 75％ listening and nly 25％ what is unimprtant （imprtant） and write in phrases， nt cmplete sentences.★g/be abard （the plane）登机/在飞机上
★bard vi.&vt.上（船、火车、飞机、公共汽车等）vi.寄宿n.木板；膳食；董事会
n bard在船上（或飞机上、火车上）
★brad adj.宽阔的；广泛的；概括的
★abrad adv.在国外；到国外
at hme and abrad在国内外
★envy sb. （ding）sth.羡慕某人（做）某事
★green with envy 眼红的
with envy羡慕地，妒忌地
★envius adj.羡慕的，妒忌的
be envius f羡慕的，妒忌的
★abandn ne’s hpe/plan/idea 放弃某人的希望/计划/想法
abandn neself t 沉湎于（某种情感），陷入
★with abandn放纵地，放任地
★abandned adj.被遗弃的；废弃的；放纵的
★reslve （nt） t d sth. 决定（不）做某事
reslve n （ding）sth. 决定（做）某事
reslve an issue/a dispute/a cnflict解决问题/争端/冲突
★reslutin n.决议；解决；决心
make a reslutin t d sth.决定做某事
★unfrtunate adj.不幸的
★frtunate adj.幸运的
be frtunate t d有幸做
It is frtunate （fr sb.） that...（某人）有幸……
★frtune n.机会；运气；大笔的钱
seek ne’s frtune外出寻找发财机会
★misfrtune n.不幸；不幸的事故
frtunately adv.幸运地
★make a cmmitment t sb.向某人承诺
make a cmmitment t d 保证/承诺做
cmmitment t...对……的奉献/投入/忠诚
★cmmit vt.犯（罪）；承诺；花（钱或时间）vi.忠于
cmmit a crime犯罪
cmmit mney/time t sth.花钱或时间在某事上
be cmmitted t（ding）sth.承诺做某事
★cmmitted adj.坚定的；尽心尽力的
★cut dwn减少使用；砍倒（树木）
bring dwn击落，击倒；使垮台
pass dwn使世代相传
break dwn出故障；（关系）破裂；感情失控；分解；拆除；消除（障碍或偏见）
put dwn写下；镇压；贬低
get dwn写下；俯身；使沮丧
★give ut放出，发出（气体、热量、光或气味）；分发；用完，耗尽；停止运转
give in （t...）（向……）屈服/让步/投降
give back归还
give up放弃；认输；辞去（工作）
give away泄露（秘密）；赠送
★虚拟条件句表示不可能或不太可能发生的假设。句中谓语动词所用形式如下（以d为例）：
条件状语
从句
主句
与过去事实相反
had dne
wuld/culd/
shuld/might
have dne
与现在事实相反
did （be动
词用were）
wuld/culd/
shuld/might d
与将来事实相反
did/were t d/
shuld d
wuld/culd/
shuld/might d
否定词缀
原词或表肯定的单词
加上否定词缀的单词
un-
happy开心 cmfrtable舒服的
fair公平的 grateful感激的
lck锁上 pack打包 fld折叠
unhappy不开心 uncmfrtable不舒服的
unfair不公平的 ungrateful忘恩负义的
unlck解锁 unpack打开包裹 unfld展开
in-/im-/il-/ir-
cnvenient方便的 pssible可能的
legal合法的 respnsible负责任的
incnvenient不方便的 impssible不可能的
illegal不合法的 irrespnsible不负责任的
dis-
hnest诚实的 agree同意 appear出现
like喜欢 apprve同意
dishnest不诚实的 disagree不同意
disappear消失 dislike 不喜欢
disapprve不同意
mis-
frtune运气 understand理解
lead引导 read读
misfrtune不幸 misunderstand误解
mislead误导 misread误读
nn-
smke抽烟 stp停止
renewable可再生的
nn-smking禁止抽烟的 nn-stp直达的
nn-renewable不可再生的
ab-
nrmal正常的
abnrmal反常的
anti-
war战争
antiwar反战的
-less
harmful有害的 selfish自私的
breath呼吸 hme家
careful小心的 hpeful满怀希望的
harmless无害的 selfless无私的
breathless喘不上气的 hmeless无家可归的
careless粗心的 hpeless无望的
-free
care引起烦恼的事 tax税
carefree无忧无虑的 tax-free免税的
-prf
water水
waterprf防水的