适用于新高考新教材2024版高考英语二轮复习专题1NO.3易错防范警惕6个高频易错点课件

这是一份适用于新高考新教材2024版高考英语二轮复习专题1NO.3易错防范警惕6个高频易错点课件，共55页。PPT课件主要包含了易错点1，易错点2，易错点3，易错点4，易错点5，易错点6等内容，欢迎下载使用。

目 录 索 引
易错点1 忽视干扰项中的以偏概全、扩大或缩小概括范围
[典例印证1] (2022全国甲卷,B)Gffin’s cckats,a kind f small parrt native t Australasia,have been shwn t have similar shape-recgnitin abilities t a human tw-year-ld. Thugh nt knwn t use tls in the wild,the birds have prved skilful at tl use while kept in the cage.In a recent experiment,cckats were presented with a bx with a nut inside it.The clear frnt f the bx had a “keyhle” in a gemetric shape,and the birds were given five differently shaped “keys” t chse frm.Inserting the crrect“key” wuld let ut the nut.
In humans,babies can put a rund shape in a rund hle frm arund ne year f age,but it will be anther year befre they are able t d the same with less symmetrical(对称的) shapes.This ability t recgnize that a shape will need t be turned in a specific directin befre it will fit is called an “allcentric frame f reference”.In the experiment,Gffin’s cckats were able t select the right tl fr the jb,in mst cases,by visual recgnitin alne.Where trial-and-errr was used,the cckats did better than mnkeys in similar tests.This indicates that Gffin’s cckats d indeed pssess an allcentric frame f reference when mving bjects in space,similar t tw-year-ld babies.
The next step,accrding t the researchers,is t try and wrk ut whether the cckats rely entirely n visual clues(线索),r als use a sense f tuch in making their shape selectins.
27.Which can be a suitable title fr the text?A.Cckats:Quick Errr CheckersB.Cckats:Independent LearnersC.Cckats:Clever Signal-ReadersD.Cckats:Skilful Shape-Srters[错因]考生易错选C项。部分学生认为整篇文章都在介绍凤头鹦鹉的形状识别能力,凤头鹦鹉之所以能够认出形状,是因为它很聪明,能读懂信号,所以误选了C项,选择C项的学生思路过度延伸,夸大了凤头鹦鹉的能力。[点拨]本篇说明文主要介绍澳大利亚的凤头鹦鹉已被证明具有与两岁儿童相似的形状识别能力。第一段的第一句是主旨句,表明凤头鹦鹉有识别形状的能力,接着提到鹦鹉擅长使用工具,能够选择不同形状的钥匙。[自主解答]　　 
[典例印证2] (2021新高考全国Ⅰ卷,C)When the explrers first set ft upn the cntinent f Nrth America,the skies and lands were alive with an astnishing variety f wildlife.Native Americans had taken care f these precius natural resurces wisely. Unfrtunately,it tk the explrers and the settlers wh fllwed nly a few decades t decimate a large part f these resurces.Millins f waterfwl(水禽) were killed at the hands f market hunters and a handful f verly ambitius sprtsmen.Millins f acres f wetlands were dried t feed and huse the ever-increasing ppulatins,greatly reducing waterfwl habitat(栖息地).
In 1934,with the passage f the Migratry Bird Hunting Stamp Act(Act),an increasingly cncerned natin tk firm actin t stp the destructin f migratry(迁徙的) waterfwl and the wetlands s vital t their survival.Under this Act,all waterfwl hunters 16 years f age and ver must annually purchase and carry a Federal Duck Stamp.The very first Federal Duck Stamp was designed by J.N.“Ding” Darling,a plitical cartnist frm Des Mines,Iwa,wh at that time was appinted by President Franklin Rsevelt as Directr f the Bureau f Bilgical Survey.Hunters willingly pay the stamp price t ensure the survival f ur natural resurces.
Abut 98 cents f every duck stamp dllar ges directly int the Migratry Bird Cnservatin Fund t purchase wetlands and wildlife habitat fr inclusin int the Natinal Wildlife Refuge System—a fact that ensures this land will be prtected and available fr all generatins t cme.Since 1934, better than half a billin dllars has gne int that Fund t purchase mre than 5 millin acres f habitat.Little wnder the Federal Duck Stamp Prgram has been called ne f the mst successful cnservatin prgrams ever initiated.
31.Which f the fllwing is a suitable title fr the text?A.The Federal Duck Stamp StryB.The Natinal Wildlife Refuge SystemC.The Benefits f Saving WaterfwlD.The Histry f Migratry Bird Hunting
[错因]考生易错选D项。部分学生根据第一段中“the explrers first set ft upn the cntinent f Nrth America”“Millins f waterfwl (水禽) were killed at the hands f market hunters and a handful f verly ambitius sprtsmen.”等信息误选了D项。虽然原文第一段中提到了hunting,但它只是文章的一个小细节,不足以概括文章的主要大意。[点拨]本篇说明文一共分三段:第一段介绍水禽丧失赖以生存的湿地的历史背景,第二段介绍了发行“联邦鸭票”的措施,第三段说明这一措施的影响。纵观全文,本文是在介绍联邦鸭票的故事。[自主解答]　　 
易错快攻 以偏概全、扩大或缩小概括范围的干扰项常出现在需要归纳概括的主旨大意类题目中,对该类题目可以通过以下方法避免干扰:(1)结合文章主旨提炼中间段落的要点;(2)用“逆向推理”法,反推文章的写作方向,看与原文是否相符,不一致的则排除。
易错点2 忽视干扰项中的偷换概念,曲解原意
[典例印证](2020全国Ⅰ卷,C)But the sprt’s strange frm des place cnsiderable stress n the ankles and hips,s peple with a histry f such injuries might want t be cautius in adpting the sprt.In fact,anyne wishing t try race walking shuld prbably first cnsult a cach r experienced racer t learn prper technique,she says.It takes sme practice.
30.What is Dr.Nrberg’s suggestin fr smene trying race walking?A.Getting experts’pinins.B.Having a medical an experienced cach.D.Ding regular exercises.[错因]考生易错选C项。C项对应的原文表达是“cnsult a cach r experienced racer”,而C项偷偷地将“cnsult”换成了“hire”,所以C项即使在宾语“an experienced cach”对应的情况下,它依然是错误选项。迷惑选项常常置换动词。[点拨]根据最后一段倒数第二句“她说,事实上,任何想尝试竞走的人都应该首先咨询教练或有经验的竞走者,学习适当的技术。”可知,诺伯格博士建议想尝试竞走运动的人先听一听专家的意见。[自主解答]　　 
易错快攻 偷换概念一般指在阅读理解题的选项中,干扰项的表达与原文信息句吻合程度较高,仅有部分词汇原文中没有体现或者和原文不一致,这容易给考生造成一种错觉,从而误选。这种干扰项常常偷换了动作的发出者、动作的承受者、动作本身或积极、消极语义等。曲解原意也是干扰项设置中的常见方法,有些选项来自文章中的某一句或某几句话,看似表达文章的意思,其实是对原句意思的曲解。针对此类选项,考生在解题时要根据题干中的关键词回文定位,认真分析原文相关语句,字斟句酌,准确理解原文表达的意思,避免误选。
易错点3 不熟悉正确项中的同义转述,简化概括
[典例印证] (2023江西新高三第一次摸底)Bilgical age might help determine yur quality f life as yu get lder, since yur cells and rgans have ages varying frm yur regular age.Many aging-research scientists believe that knwing yur bilgical age culd help yu pstpne r avid age-related illnesses,and better predict an individual’s lifespan(寿命).Other scientists argue that there’s n standard way t measure bilgical age.At the center f the debate are hpes that peple can extend their lives by changing their behavirs.Since everybdy’s genes(基因) are different,tracking yur bilgical age culd help determine yur mst helpful habits and custmize them.Peple can als attempt t lwer their bilgical age thrugh ways f effectively managing stress.
Q:What can peple d after knwing their bilgical ages?A.Imprve their calendar ages t prevent ways t effectively manage persnalized nutritin plan t imprve their lives by changing their cnduct.[错因]本题易错选B项或C项,部分考生根据题干定位到文章中的“Peple can als attempt t lwer their bilgical age thrugh ways f effectively managing stress”,发现这句话中的“ways f effectively managing stress”出现在了B项中,因而错选B项;也有部分考生在第一段中看到“knwing yur bilgical age culd help yu pstpne r avid age-related illnesses”,认为要推迟或避免和年龄相关的疾病,“制定个性化的营养计划来改善健康”非常合理,因而错选C项。
[点拨]B项“确定有效管理压力的方法”是对原文“人们也可以尝试通过有效地管理压力来分析减小自己的生理年龄”的曲解;C项“制定个性化的营养计划来改善健康”在文中没有提及,属于无中生有。由第一段中的“ that peple can extend their lives by changing their behavirs”和第二段中的“tracking yur bilgical age culd help determine yur mst helpful habits and custmize them” 可知,人们希望通过改变行为来延长寿命,了解生理年龄有助于确定对自己最有帮助的习惯并定制这些习惯,因此人们在知道了自己的生理年龄之后,就可以通过改变行为来延长寿命。D项“Lengthen their lives by changing their cnduct”是对原文“extend their lives by changing their behavirs” 进行的同义转述。[自主解答]　　 
易错快攻 同义转述是命题人常用的手段。这种转述是指考题与原文的关键内容用同根词、同义词或近义词进行转换,有时也会在常用词组或短语之间进行转换。这种情况下正确选项和原文的关键句相同的词汇不一定多,但意思的表述却是一致的,考生在平时的学习中要注意进行同根词、同义词和近义词的积累,并在解题时认真比对。简化概括则是把原文中较为复杂的、详细的信息进行简化或概括,正确答案比较隐蔽,考生要仔细对原文信息句进行观察和分析,再进行简化或归纳概括。
易错点4 忽视语境逻辑,过度推断
[典例印证](2023江苏南京、镇江10月八校联考)Cres taken frm 350 Duglas firs(花旗松) shwed that annual tree ring grwth was related t the extent f fungal cnnectins a tree had with ther trees.They had much higher grwth than thse that had nly a few cnnectins. The research als shwed that trees with mre cnnectins t many unique fungi had much greater grwth than thse with nly ne r tw cnnectins. “If yu have this netwrk that is helping trees grw faster,that helps capture mre carbn year after year.These netwrks may help trees grw mre steadily even as cnditins becme mre stressful,and culd even help prtect them against death,” said Birch.
Birch hpes his findings lead t further studies in different kinds f frests in ther gegraphical areas,because it’s likely that the cnnectins amng trees change frm year t year.He said,“Knwing whether fungal netwrks are perating the same way in ther tree species culd infrm hw we refrest areas after harvesting them,and infrm hw we plant trees t preserve these netwrks.”
Q:What can be inferred frm what Birch has put?A.The fungal netwrks supprt ne anther in times f fungal netwrks enable us t knw mre abut findings can apply t different kinds f frests in ther gegraphical fungal netwrks will help trees grw mre steadily if cnditins becme mre stressful.
[错因]考生易错选D项。部分考生看到第一段中 Birch 所说的话“These netwrks may help trees grw mre steadily even as cnditins becme mre stressful”,经过比对认为这与D项表述的内容一致,忽视了原文是may help(可能有助于),而选项中是will help(将有助于),过度推断,把可能变成事实,从而错选D项。[点拨]根据最后一段Birch所说的话可知,了解真菌网络在其他树种中是否以同样的方式运作,可以影响我们在采伐后如何重新造林,也可以告诉我们如何种植树木来保护这些网络;由此可知,真菌网络使我们能够更多地了解重新造林,和B项吻合。[自主解答]　　 
易错点5 混淆事实与观点,答非所问
[典例印证](2023浙江杭州11月教学质量检测改编)Fr mst f ur histry,humans have been shrt,a study has fund.Until arund 150 years ag,few peple grew taller than 170 centimeters.Christiane Scheffler at the University f Ptsdam and Michael Hermanussen in Altenhf have spent several years studying the height f peple frm a wide range f ppulatins.In their latest paper,they cmbined an existing data f mre than 6,000 prehistric human skeletns with multiple studies f mre recent histrical ppulatins frm Eurpe and the US.They als included their wn data n 1,666 present-day schl children frm Indnesia.
In the prehistric ppulatins,the maximum height fr men was 165 t 170 centimeters,while wmen tpped ut at 160cm.Tday,men in England have an average height f arund 175cm,while fr wmen it is abut 162cm.But there is significant variatin between mdern cuntries.The Indnesian schl children in the study were shrter than similarly aged children frm the US,despite being well-nurished.Subramanian at Harvard University isn’t cnvinced by the pair’s interpretatin.His team previusly shwed that the best predictr f a child’s height is the height f their parents.This suggests that the influence f ther factrs,such as scial mbility,is limited.
After assessing nearly 163,000 children living in 55 lw and middle-incme cuntries,Subramanian’s team fund that 42.9 percent had pr nutritin but n sign f stunting(阻碍发育) r ther physical indicatrs ff this fact.This implies there is a lt f hidden malnutritin that desn’t reveal itself thrugh stunting.“A persn’s nutritinal cnditin shuld be assessed by lking at their diet nt their height,” says Subramanian.
Q:What can we infer frm Subramanian’s study?A.Pr nutritin delays physical develpment.B.A balanced diet cntributes t grwing scial classes can reach a greater height.D.A human’s height has little t d with nutritin.
[错因]在很多考生的认知里,A项(营养不良延缓了身体的发育)是符合事实的表达,因此考生会错选A项。[点拨]根据倒数第二段内容可知,在对55个低收入和中等收入国家的近16.3万名儿童进行评估后,Subramanian的团队发现42.9%的儿童营养不良,但没有发育受阻的迹象。由此可知,考生认为正确的A项和Subramanian的研究发现并不相符。根据最后一段内容可知,有很多隐藏的营养不良,它们并不能通过发育不良表现出来;一个人的营养状况应该通过观察他们的饮食而不是身高来评估。由此可推断出,Subramanian的研究表明:一个人的身高和营养没有太大关系。[自主解答]　　 
易错快攻 混淆事实与观点是阅读理解常见的干扰项的特征。干扰项的内容和原文的表述是一致的,或者干扰项的表述是客观事实,因此迷惑性很强,考生很容易错选。破解这类题目的办法是从题干出发,忠实于原文,根据题干关键词锁定原文中的信息句,再将其选项进行认真比对。
易错点6 主观臆断取代作者观点
[典例印证](2023浙江丽水、湖州、衢州11月质检)Have yu ever walked thrugh a dr and thught t yurself,“What was I ging t d?” If yu have,yu are nt alne.Psychlgists believe that walking thrugh a dr and entering anther rm creates a “mental blck” in the brain.This is generally referred t as the drway effect.A new research led by psychlgist Oliver Baumann frm Bnd University in Australia suggests that it’s nt s much the drways that cause a memry wipe,as mving frm lcatin t a significantly different ne and that it’s the abrupt change f scene that prepares ur minds fr smething new.“A gd example is mving arund in a department stre,” says Baumann.
“Taking the elevatr between flrs may have n effect n ur memry, but mving frm the stre t the parking lt might cause us t frget smething that we need t buy.” Baumann als pints ut that a busy and perhaps verladed brain des seem t play sme art in this phenmenn.In ther wrds,walking thrugh pen drs is thught t reset memry t make rm fr a new episde.The gd news is that experiencing such frgettable episdes after entering anther rm des nt tell yu anything abut yur memry and intelligence.S when yu enter a rm and suddenly frget why yu are there,yu shuld nt think that Alzheimer’s disease is creeping up n yu!
Q:What des the authr think f the “drway effect”?A.Insignificant.　　　D.Damaging.
[错因]考生易错选B项或D项。部分考生在最后一段中看到“The gd news”,便误以为作者的态度是正向的,因此错选B项。也有考生根据第一段中的“creates a ‘mental blck’ in the brain”推断作者认为“drway effect”是有破坏性的,因此错选D项。这些考生没有仔细分析作者字里行间要表达的观点,而是根据文中的只言片语,凭自己的主观臆断做出了选择。[点拨]作者在最后一段指出,在进入另一个房间后经历这种忘事的情节并不能反映出关于你的记忆力或者智力的信息;所以,当你进入一个房间,突然忘记你为什么在那里的时候,你不应该认为是阿尔茨海默病在悄悄靠近你。由此可以推断出,作者认为“drway effect”与记忆力或智力无关,也不是阿尔茨海默病的表现,是无足轻重的。[自主解答]　　 
易错快攻 在推断作者观点态度的试题中,考生由于思维定式,或受到文中某些非关键信息的干扰很容易凭主观臆断做出错误的选择。做该类题目时,在文中没有直接表明作者观点态度的词句时,考生要根据作者在文中的措辞,尤其是表达情感色彩的词,以及作者所举的事例,读懂弦外之音,来正确推断其观点态度。
A(2022新高考全国Ⅱ卷,B)We jurnalists live in a new age f strytelling,with many new multimedia tls.Many yung peple dn’t even realize it’s new.Fr them,it’s just nrmal.This hit hme fr me as I was sitting with my 2-year-ld grandsn n a sfa ver the Spring Festival hliday.I had brught a children’s bk t read.It had simple wrds and clrful pictures—a perfect match fr his age. Picture this:my grandsn sitting n my lap as I hld the bk in frnt s he can see the pictures.As I read,he reaches ut and pkes (戳) the page with his finger.
What’s up with that?He just likes the pictures,I thught.Then I turned the page and cntinued.He pked the page even harder.I nearly drpped the bk.I was cnfused:Is there smething wrng with this kid?Then I realized what was happening.He was actually a stranger t bks. His father frequently amused the by with a tablet cmputer which was laded with clrful pictures that cme alive when yu pke them.He thught my strybk was like that.Srry,kid.This bk is nt part f yur high-tech wrld.It’s an utdated, lifeless thing.An antique,like yur grandfather.Well,I may be ld,but I’m nt hpelessly challenged,digitally speaking.I edit vide and prduce audi.I use mbile payment.I’ve even built websites.
There’s ne ntable gap in my new-media experience,hwever:I’ve spent little time in frnt f a camera,since I have a face made fr radi.But that didn’t stp China Daily frm asking me last week t share a persnal stry fr a vide prject abut the integratin f Beijing,Tianjin and Hebei prvince.Anyway,grandpa is nw an internet star—tw minutes f fame!I prmise nt t let it g t my head.But I will make sure my 2-year-ld grandsn sees it n his tablet.[语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者曾经是一名记者,在春节期间,作者给孙子拿了一本儿童读物,孙子却以为是平板电脑,不停地戳书。
1.What d the underlined wrds “hit hme fr me” mean in paragraph 2?A.Prvided shelter fr very clear t the pressure ff quite well n me.
解析 词句猜测题。第一段提道:作者是记者,生活在一个讲故事的新时代,有许多新的多媒体工具。许多年轻人甚至没有意识到它是新的。对他们来说,这很正常。含有画线词语的句子承接上文,表示“而在春节假期,我和两岁的孙子坐在沙发上,尤其清楚地认识到了这一点”。故画线词语意思是“我很清楚”。故选B项。
2.Why did the kid pke the strybk?A.He tk it fr a tablet disliked the clrful was angry with his wanted t read it by himself.
解析 细节理解题。根据第五段中的“He was actually a stranger t bks.His father frequently amused the by with a tablet cmputer which was laded with clrful pictures that cme alive when yu pke them.He thught my strybk was like that.”可知,那个孩子戳故事书是因为他把它当成了平板电脑。故选A项。
3.What des the authr think f himself?A.Scially cmpetent.
解析 细节理解题。根据第六段中的“Well,I may be ld,but I’m nt hpelessly challenged,digitally speaking.I edit vide and prduce audi.I use mbile payment.I’ve even built websites.”可知,作者认为自己懂数字技术。故选D项。
4.What can we learn abut the authr as a jurnalist?A.He lacks experience in his seldm appears n manages a vide ften interviews internet stars.
解析 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“There’s ne ntable gap in my new-media experience,hwever:I’ve spent little time in frnt f a camera,since I have a face made fr radi.”可知,作者作为一名记者很少上电视。故选B项。
B(2023浙江1月卷,C)A machine can nw nt nly beat yu at chess,it can als utperfrm yu in debate.Last week,in a public debate in San Francisc,a sftware prgram called Prject Debater beat its human ppnents,including Na Ovadia,Israel’s frmer natinal debating champin.
Brilliant thugh it is,Prject Debater has sme weaknesses.It takes sentences frm its library f dcuments and prebuilt arguments and strings them tgether.This can lead t the kinds f errrs n human wuld make.Such wrinkles will n dubt be irned ut,yet they als pint t a fundamental prblem.As Kristian Hammnd,prfessr f electrical engineering and cmputer science at Nrthwestern University,put it:“There’s never a stage at which the system knws what it’s talking abut.”
What Hammnd is referring t is the questin f meaning,and meaning is central t what distinguishes the least intelligent f humans frm the mst intelligent f machines.A cmputer wrks with symbls.Its prgram specifies a set f rules t transfrm ne string f symbls int anther.But it des nt specify what thse symbls mean.Indeed,t a cmputer,meaning is irrelevant. Humans,in thinking,talking,reading and writing,als wrk with symbls.But fr humans,meaning is everything.When we cmmunicate,we cmmunicate meaning.What matters is nt just the utside f a string f symbls,but the inside t,nt just hw they are arranged but what they mean.
Meaning emerges thrugh a prcess f scial interactin,nt f cmputatin,interactin that shapes the cntent f the symbls in ur heads. The rules that assign meaning lie nt just inside ur heads,but als utside,in sciety,in scial memry,scial cnventins and scial relatins.It is this that distinguishes humans frm machines.And that’s why,hwever astnishing Prject Debater may seem,the traditin that began with Scrates and Cnfucius will nt end with artificial intelligence.[语篇解读]本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍的是在辩论中战胜人类的名为Prject Debater的软件程序。
5.Why des the authr mentin Na Ovadia in the first paragraph?A.T explain the use f a sftware shw the cleverness f Prject intrduce the designer f Prject emphasize the fairness f the cmpetitin.
解析 写作意图题。通读第一段内容可知,文章第一段提到以色列前国家辩论冠军Na Ovadia是为了说明Prject Debater在辩论方面很出色,故B项(为了展示Prject Debater的聪明)为正确选项。
6.What des the underlined wrd “wrinkles” in paragraph 2 refer t?A.Arguments.D.Differences.
解析 词义猜测题。根据画线词的前一句“This can lead t the kinds f errrs n human wuld make.”可知,wrinkles指代上文的errrs,故C项正确。
7.What is Prject Debater unable t d accrding t Hammnd?A.Create rules.B.Cmprehend fluently.D.Identify difficult wrds.
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段段尾的“There’s never a stage at which the system knws what it’s talking abut.”以及第三段段首的“What Hammnd is referring mst intelligent f machines.”可知,根据Hammnd的说法,机器做不到的是理解意义,故B项(理解意义)正确。