专题13+人与环境-高考英语一轮复习主题词汇&阅读一遍过

这是一份专题13+人与环境-高考英语一轮复习主题词汇&阅读一遍过，共10页。试卷主要包含了temprary adj， tendency n，tender adj， tensin n， terrr n， territry n，terminal n，theretical adj等内容，欢迎下载使用。
单词&短语
1.temprary adj.______________
2. tendency n.______________
3.tender adj.______________
4. tensin n.______________
5. terrr n.______________
6. territry n.______________
7.terminal n.______________ adj.______________
8.theretical adj.______________
9.thrugh adj.______________
10.thriller n.______________
11. thunder n.______________
12.tightly adv.______________
13.tissue n.______________
14.sil n.______________
15. cnsumptin n.______________
16.atmsphere n.______________
17.agriculture n.______________
18.twel n.______________
19.tap n.______________
20.tease v.______________
21.therms n.______________
22.tlerate v.______________
23.undertake v.______________
24.______________adj.有天资的；有才能的；多才的；有本领的
25.______________adj.美味的；高雅的；有趣的；可口的
26.______________n.体温；温度；气温；发烧
27.______________v.趋向，倾向于……;照料，照顾
28.______________adv.非常；可怕地；极度地
29.______________adj.艰苦的；顽强的；坚强的，不屈不挠的；坚韧的，牢固的；强壮的，结实的
30.______________n.主题；题目；主旋律
31.______________adv.因此；所以
32.______________adj.渴的，口干的；渴望的，热望的
33.______________n.威胁；恐吓
34.______________n.喉咙；嗓子，嗓音；窄路
35.______________prep.遍及；自始至终adv.到处
36._________--_________--____________v.抛；扔；投；掷；举行(派对)
37.______________adj.整齐的；相当大的v.整理；收拾；弄整齐
38.______________adj.令人厌倦的；烦人的，无聊的；令人讨厌的
39.______________n.标题；书名；冠军；头衔；权利；字幕v.加标题；赋予头衔；把……称为
40.______________n.技术；工艺；术语
41.at ne time_____________________
42.fr the time being_____________________
43.立即；马上(time)_____________________
44.随时；总是(time)_____________________
45.at n time_____________________
46.把……拴到……_____________________
47.投身于；积极从事_____________________
48.把……看作……(think)_____________________
49._对……高度评价(think)_____________________
50.首先……再者……_____________________
51.从那时起_____________________
52.感谢某人所做的事_____________________
53.与……关系很好_____________________
54.从长远/眼前看_____________________
56.把信撕成碎片_____________________
57.说服某人做(不做)某事_____________________
58.母语_____________________
59.be tired f the urban/city life_____________________
60. treat sb.t dinner._____________________
61._____________________国际关系
62._____________________外交事务
63._____________________环保的
64.at hme and abrad_____________________
65. with the arrival f glbalizatin f ecnmy_____________________
66.develp renewable resurces_____________________
67.deal with rubbish prperly_____________________
68.imprve ne's living cnditins_____________________
69.achieve the highest grwth_____________________
70.intercultural cmmunicatin_____________________
词汇拓展
1.tend v.往往会；常常就；趋向；走向；倾向；趋于；照料；照管
It___________t get very cld here in the winter.这里冬天往往会很冷。
Prices have___________dwnwards ver recent years.近年来物价趋于下降。
Fr years he___________her in her painful illness.多年来她一直受到病痛的折磨，都是他在照料。
【辨析】
tend,attend区别
tend指照看人、动物或事物(用于此义时有过时之嫌),通常后接介词t。
attend尤指照顾病人、处理伤口等，强调具有专业技能和责任心，常用被动语态。
The shepherd is tending t his sheep.牧羊人在看管他的羊群。
Their wunds had been attended befre the men were brught here.
伤员在送来这里之前，伤口已得到了处理。
2.tugh adj.艰苦的；艰难的；棘手的；严厉的；强硬的；无情的；坚强的；健壮的；能吃苦耐劳的；坚韧不拔的
Dn't be t___________n him—he was nly trying t help.
别对他要求过严，他只是想帮忙。
I think mms shw___________lve because they expect a lt ut f us!
我认为妈妈们都望子成龙，所以才展现出严厉的爱。
He seems t be the___________f all the children.
他似乎是所有孩子中最结实的。
This meat is___________.这肉吃不动。
It's___________finding a jb these days.近来很难找到工作。
活学活用
一、阅读下列句子，在空白处填入1个单词或用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
1.Jhn mentined several judges' names,___________he didn't think highly f.
2.He picked up the sheets f paper, and balled them___________(tight)in his fists.
3.Yu shuld take ut travel insurance cvering yu and yur family___________theft.
4.Nu is an ancient culture frm which___________(title)as"fssil f Chinese drama".
5.Thank yu fr___________(write)and allwing me t clarify the present psitin.
二、翻译句子
1. Anther temprary discunt may nt be what yu want,but at least it is a bird in the hand.
_________________________________________________________________
2.我好久没有看她，一来路太远，二来没工夫。(fr ne thing...;fr anther...)
_________________________________________________________________
3.任我们怎样劝说，他也不听。(persuade)
_________________________________________________________________
4.我喜欢城市，但厌倦那里的噪音和空气污染。(get tired f)
_________________________________________________________________
参考答案
单词&短语
1.暂时的；临时的 2.趋势；倾向 3.和善的；软的 4.拉伸；紧张程度 5.惊恐；恐惧 6.领土；版图 7.n.航站楼adj.最终的 8.理论上的 9.完全的；彻底的 10.惊险(恐怖)小说/电影 11.n.雷声v.打雷 12.紧紧地 13.组织；面巾纸 14.土壤 15.消费；消费量 16.空气；大气层；氛围 17.农业 18.毛巾 19.n.塞子；龙头v.轻拍20.取笑；戏弄 21.热水瓶 22.容忍；忍受 23.承担24.talented 25.tasty 26.temperature 27.tend 30.theme 31.therefre 32.thirsty 35.thrughut 36.thrw—threw—thrwn37.tidy 38.tiresme 39.title 40.technlgy41.曾经；一度 42.暂时；眼下 43.in n time 44.at all times 45.在任何时候都不 47.thrw ne-self int 48.think 49.think highly f 50.fr ne thing...;fr anther(thing)... 51.frm then n 52.thank sb. fr ding sth. 53. be n gd terms with 54.in the lng/shrt term(run) 55.把……区分开56.tear the letter int/t pieces 57.persuade/talk sb. in-t sth.;persuade/talk sb. ut f(ding)sth. 58.mther/native tngue/language 59.厌倦了城市生活 60.请某人吃饭 61.internatinal relatins 62.diplmatic affairs63.envirnment-friendly 64.国内外 65.经济全球化的到来 66.发展可再生能源 67.正确处理垃圾 68.改善某人的生活条件 69.实现最大化发展 70.跨文化交流
词汇拓展
1.tends;tended;tended
2.tugh;tugh;tughest;tugh;tugh
活学活用
一、1.whm/wh2. tightly 3. against 4. is titled 5.writing
二、1.再一次临时打折可能达不到你所希望的，但至少这是已经到手的东西。
2.I haven't been t see her fr a lng time nw. Fr ne thing,she lives t far away;fr anther, I've been rather busy.
3.N matter hw hard we tried t persuade him,he wuldn't listen.
4.I lve cities,but get tired f the nise and air pllutin there.
第二部分 话题阅读训练
（A）语法填空
The United States set up the wrld's first natinal park system in 1916. Since then, it (1) (serve) as a mdel fr ther cuntries that try t prtect the envirnment better and let peple enjy nature.
A natinal park is a reserve (保护区) f land (2) (wn) by the gvernment and prtected frm human develpment and pllutin. Nw China is planning its wn natinal park system. On Dec 5, China passed tw plans fr natinal parks (3) (prtect) the giant panda, Siberian tiger and Amur lepard.
But natinal parks are nt nly fr animals. In mid-2015, China started t build natinal parks in nine prvinces. (4) mst famus ne is the Sanjiangyuan natinal park n the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. It aims t prtect China's water surce. Sanjiangyuan, r "Surce f Three Rivers", is (5) the Yellw, Yangtze, and Lancang rivers start.
Befre this natinal park prject, China had set aside thusands f nature parks, frests and scenic areas as prtected areas. (6) , they haven't been managed well because t many different rganizatins have been invlved (7) the prtectin f different areas. Under the new plan, natinal parks will cver big areas and include different prtected areas.
Fr example, the habitats f wild pandas lie in different prvinces and (8) (divide) int even smaller pieces by railways, rads and pwer lines. This makes islated panda grups mre pen t (9) (dangerus). The panda natinal park will cver all the habitats and make the prtectin f animals as cmprehensive as pssible.
But this increased prtectin desn't mean natinal parks will shut their drs t humans. Instead, the new system will ffer peple a chance t (10) (deep) feel nature.
【小题1】has been serving/has served【小题2】wned【小题3】t prtect【小题4】The
【小题5】where【小题6】Hwever【小题7】in【小题8】are divided【小题9】danger
【小题10】deeply
【知识点】副词修饰动词、其他副词、一般现在时的被动语态、动词的-ed形式作定语、必备短语、必备词汇、不可数名词、不定式作目的状语、动词的-ed形式表示被动意义、不定式的一般式、副词修饰整个句子、代词作主语时的主谓一致、现在完成进行时、现在完成时、名词作主语时的主谓一致、人与环境、说明文、连接副词where引导表语从句、定冠词、in的用法
【解析】1. 依据时间状语since then可知，本句用现在完成时，强调从过去到现在；本句也可以用现在完成进行时强调动作的持续性，故填has been serving/has served。
2. 本句已有谓语动词is，所以设空处用非谓语形式；而land和wn是逻辑动宾关系，故用动词-ed形式表示被动。故填wned。
3. 句意：在12月5日，为了保护大熊猫、东北虎和东北豹，中国通过了两项国家公园的计划预案。此处用动词不定式做目的状语。故填t prtect。
4. 句意：其中最著名的是青海西藏高原的三江源国家公园。最高级mst famus前面用定冠词the。故填The。
5. where引导表语从句，where在从句中做地点状语，意思是“那里，……的地方”。故填where。
6. 句意：然而，它们没有得到很好的管理。此处是转折关系，且有逗号。故填Hwever。
7. 句意：因为太多的不同组织参与了不同领域的保护。be invlved in是固定搭配，意思是卷入，参与。故填in。
8. 句意：野生熊猫的栖息地位于不同的省份，并通过铁路、公路和电力线分成更小的部分。此处用一般现在时表示现在的状况；本句描述客观事实，且habitats和divide是动宾关系，所以用一般现在时的被动语态。故填are divided。
9. 句意：这使得隔离开的熊猫群更加危险。此处需要名词做t的宾语，danger危险。故填danger。
10. 此处需要副词做状语，修饰动词feel，deeply深刻地。故填deeply。
（B）七选五
Gardening can be a fun and rewarding activity fr peple f all ages, but it can be especially beneficial fr children.
Gardening enhances children’s senses and mtr skills. In additin t being able t tuch the sil, use varius tls and seeds, children can als spt the differences between different plants, and hear sunds f different insects.____1____. Gardening activities like digging, planting, watering, and weeding can stimulate mvements f the bdy, particularly arms and hands, and help children learn abut the natural wrld.
____2____. Children’s curisity abut plants starts with the first seed they sw. They learn abut natural prcess by bserving the grwth and fruit ripen. They als cme t appreciate the vital rle f insects and wrms fr plants and recgnize that everything in nature is cnnected.
Plant care fsters (培养) patience and respnsibility.____3___, and children learn what it means t be respnsible fr smething t help ensure its health. Gardening als teaches children abut caring fr the envirnment, fstering a lve and respect fr nature.
Gardening prmtes nutritin and healthy chices fr kids. Planting and cultivating (培育) plants, picking vegetables and fruit, and invlving kids in cking with what they grew will certainly result in a wish t try and cnsume the fd they prepared. They will gladly try vegetables and fruit they planted and cultivated themselves. ____4____
Gardening gives yur family bnding time. Bnding with yur family is s imprtant, but it can be hard t realize with the digital age. ____5____,which cntributes t parent-child relatinship.
A．Plants need regular and cnsistent care
B．Gardening gives yu a chance t dial this back
C．Children get a head start n learning abut science
D．Gardening invlves scientific bservatins and creativity
E．It prvides gd, healthy utdr activity fr the whle family
F．This helps children t nurture self-cnfidence and healthy diet habits
G．Interacting with the surrunding nature encurages the learning prcess
1．G 2．C 3．A 4．F 5．E
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了园艺给孩子们带来的好处。
16．下文“Gardening activities like digging, planting, watering, and weeding can stimulate mvements f the bdy, particularly arms and hands, and help children learn abut the natural wrld.(像挖掘、种植、浇水和除草这样的园艺活动可以刺激身体的运动，特别是手臂和手，帮助孩子们了解自然世界)”列举了园艺活动中与周围的自然环境的互动，并说明了它们有助于孩子们去了解自然，是对G项“Interacting with the surrunding nature encurages the learning prcess (与周围的自然互动可以促进学习过程)”的具体说明，句上“digging, planting, watering, and weeding”照应G项中“Interacting with the surrunding nature”，上下文语意连贯。故选G项。
17．设空句是段首主题句，根据下文“Children’s curisity abut plants starts with the first seed they sw. They learn abut natural prcess by bserving the grwth and fruit ripen. They als cme t appreciate the vital rle f insects and wrms fr plants and recgnize that everything in nature is cnnected.(孩子们对植物的好奇始于他们播下的第一颗种子。他们通过观察水果的生长和成熟来了解自然过程。他们也开始认识到昆虫和蠕虫对植物的重要作用，并认识到自然界的一切都是相互联系的)”可知，本段主要讲园艺可以激发孩子们对自然科学的兴趣，让他们在科学学习上有一个好的开端，故C项“Children get a head start n learning abut science (孩子们在学习科学方面有一个良好的开端)”是本段内容的概括，适合作主题句。故选C项。
18．根据段首主题句“Plant care fsters (培养) patience and respnsibility.(照顾植物培养耐心和责任感)”可知，本段讲照顾植物培养耐心和责任感，A项“Plants need regular and cnsistent care (植物需要定期和持续的照料)”承接主题句，和下文“and children learn what it means t be respnsible fr smething t help ensure its health.(孩子们学习什么是对某事负责，以帮助确保它的健康)”一起说明照顾植物如何培养耐心和责任感，上下文语意连贯。故选A项。
19．上文“They will gladly try vegetables and fruit they planted and cultivated themselves.(他们会很乐意尝试自己种植的蔬菜和水果)”提出孩子们会尝试自己种植的蔬菜和水果，F项“This helps children t nurture self-cnfidence and healthy diet habits(这有助于培养孩子的自信和健康的饮食习惯)”承接上文，说明这样做的结果，句中“healthy diet habits”照应上文“vegetables and fruit they planted and cultivated themselves”，上下文语意连贯。故选F项。
20．根据下文定语从句“which cntributes t parent-child relatinship.(这有助于亲子关系)”可知，设空处会提到有助于亲子关系的事情，E项“It prvides gd, healthy utdr activity fr the whle family(它为整个家庭提供了良好、健康的户外活动)”中“gd, healthy utdr activity fr the whle family”有助于培养亲子关系，同时照应主题句中“bnding time”，上下文语意连贯。故选E项。
（C）阅读理解
Our Planet Earth is full f life and has incredible bidiversity. Bilgical Diversity r Bidiversity is the base f human existence and fundamental t its well-being. Species are the building blcks f this life n Earth, and it is believed that the species that are at present glbally fund have cntinuusly evlved ver 65 millin years since the Last Mass Extinctin. Hwever, the nature and extent f ur planet’s bidiversity at all levels have nt been cmpletely evaluated yet. Thus, the exact number f species fund in the wrld remains unknwn. Over the years, with the advancement f scientific knwledge and the discvery f mre new species, it has been apprximated that there are, at present, 10 millin t 14 millin species n Earth, f which 1.2 millin species have been data-based. This means that still mre than 86％ f the terrestrial(陆生的) and 91％ f the marine species remain unknwn.
Every year, taxnmists(分类学家)describe thusands f species,sme f which are cmpletely new t science, while in sme cases, the species and subspecies are clsely examined and determined whether they can be cnsidered distinct species.
A study has revealed that ver 99. 9% f all species amunting t mre than 5 billin species that ever lived here, are believed t be extinct. At present, ur planet huses millins f species, amng which 86% live n land, 13% in the deep subsurface, and a mere 1% in the ceans. Hwever, Bidiversity is nt evenly distributed n Earth, and its number varies greatly n different cntinents.
The undiscvered and misidentified species slw ur ability t understand patterns and changes in glbal bidiversity and the rate f species extinctins(灭绝). Even after several years f taxnmic studies, nly 14% f terrestrial species and 9% f marine species have been fficially added t the central database. Necessarily, sme species will becme extinct befre researchers realize they ever existed.
1．What des the underlined wrd “marine” mean in Paragraph 1?
A．Rare.B．Oceanic.C．Endangered.D．Nvel.
2．What d taxnmists usually d?
A．Examine distributin f species.
B．Cmpare species frm subspecies.
C．Decide the situatin f the species.
D．Describe diversity f new-fund species.
3．Which f the fllwing can describe the distributin f the Earth’s Bidiversity?
A．Unequal.B．Accumulative.C．Average.D．Maximum.
4．What can be inferred frm the last paragraph?
A．The central database cvers all species.
B．The rate f species extinctins is rather high.
C．Many undiscvered species have been extinct.
D．Humans knw little abut endangered species.
1．B 2．C 3．A 4．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了地球上存在的生物多样性和物种的数量。
1．词句猜测题。根据第一段最后一句“This means that still mre than 86% f the terrestrial(陆生的) and 91% f the marine species remain unknwn.(这意味着仍有超过86%的陆地物种和91%的marine物种未知)”中的“mre than 86% f the terrestrial”可知，划线词指与“陆生”相对，即“海生的”，与B项“ceanic”意思相同。故选B。
2．细节理解题。根据第二段“while in sme cases, the species and subspecies are clsely examined and determined whether they can be cnsidered distinct species.(而在某些情况下，这些物种和亚种会被仔细检查，以确定它们是否可以被视为不同的物种)”可知，分类学家通常会确定物种的情况。故选C。
3．推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句“Hwever, Bidiversity is nt evenly distributed n Earth, and its number varies greatly n different cntinents.(然而，生物多样性在地球上的分布并不均匀，在不同的大陆上，生物多样性的数量差异很大)”可知，地球上的生物多样性的分布是不均的，不同洲的生物种类的数量大为不同。故选A。
4．推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“Necessarily, sme species will becme extinct befre researchers realize they ever existed.(一些物种必然会在研究人员意识到它们曾经存在过之前灭绝)”可知，许多未被发现的物种已经灭绝。故选C。