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外研版高考英语一轮复习选择性必修第4册Unit5 Into the unknown课时学案
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这是一份外研版高考英语一轮复习选择性必修第4册Unit5 Into the unknown课时学案，共23页。
①He std n the sidewalk with his hands buried(bury) in the pckets f his dark vercat．
②The girl was sitting n the bench in the park，burying(bury) her head in the bk in her hands．
Because he buried himself in his bk，he didn't knw it was raining utside．
③Burying_himself_in_his_bk，he didn't knw it was raining utside．(v．ing形式作状语)
④Buried_in_his_bk，he didn't knw it was raining utside．(过去分词作状语)
bury ne's head/face in ne's hands用手捂住头/脸
be buried in ＝bury neself in埋头于；专心于
be buried in thught 沉思
bury his head in the sand 逃避现实
bury her face in her hands with embarrassment 她尴尬地得双手掩面
[名师点津] 表示“专注于，致力于，埋头于”的短语还有：be devted t；be absrbed in；be lst in；cncentrate n；fcus n；fix ne's attentin n等。
①The earthquake in Tangshan caused great damage，leaving the city in ruins (ruin)．
②Because f the fire，all the peple left and the whle village has fallen int ruin．
③Having suffered frm tw big fires，the castle has_fallen_int_ruin/has_been_in_ruins/has_been_reduced_t_ruins(已经破败不堪了)．
in ruins 严重受损，破败不堪
fall int ruin 衰落，败落
be reduced t ruins 沦为废墟
ruin ne's health/fame/future 毁坏某人的健康/名誉/前途
ruin ur friendship 破坏了我们的友谊
①(2022·全国乙卷)The ne in the new envirnment shuld be sympathetic t the fact that yur friend may feel abandned(abandn)．
②I will never abandn reaching(reach) the tp f the “muntain” because I want t be successful in life．
③At the party，peple sang and danced with abandn，ttally frgetting the trubles in their lives．
④Abandning_himself_t_the_srrw_f_lsing_his_cat(沉湎于丢了猫的悲伤中)，Steven just culdn't help crying．
abandn ding sth．放弃做某事
abandn neself t ding sth．沉湎于做某事；放纵(感情)于做某事
with abandn 纵情；放任地
abandned adj．被遗弃的；放纵的
abandn ur car and walk the rest f the way 我们弃车走完最后的路
abandn himself t playing cmputer games 他沉湎于玩电子游戏
①(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)The next mrning he hired a bat and set ut t_find(find) the wellknwn painter．
②(2020·天津卷)He cnvinced the plice department t allw him t set up a cuple f “chat benches” in tw f their lcal parks．
在政府的帮助下，人们开始创建他们的新家园。
③Peple set_ut_t_build_their_new_hmes with the help f the gvernment．(set ut)
④Peple set_abut_building_their_new_hmes with the help f the gvernment．(set abut)
set ut fr 动身去某处
set ut t d sth．＝set abut ding sth．开始做某事
set aside 存储；留出
set up 建立；创立
set dwn 放下；记下
set ff 动身，出发；启程；燃放(烟火等)；引发
set ut n the last stage f their jurney 动身踏上他们的最后一段行程
set ff a heated discussin 引起一场热烈争论
①At the meeting place f the Yangtze River and Jialing River lies(lie) Chngqing，ne f the largest cities in China．
②As sn as the bell rang，ut rushed(rush) the children．
③Present at the evening party was(be) ur English teacher yesterday．
④Standing (stand) beside the table was his sister．
⑤They arrived at an ld church．A big crwd f peple std in frnt f the ld church．
→They arrived at an ld church，in_frnt_f_which_std_a_big_crwd_f_peple．(含有定语从句的倒装句)
全部倒装的条件：
表示地点、方位或时间的副词，如here，there，in，ut，up，dwn，away，nw，then 等以及表示方位的介词短语位于句首时。
谓语动词一般为be动词或lie，cme，g，stand等表示位移的动词。
形容词/分词位于句首也可构成全部倒装。
Int the cmplete silence f the waiting class came the teacher's sweet vice，“Gd mrning，children．”
在全班同学静静的等待中传来了老师甜甜的嗓音：“孩子们，早上好。”
①(2020·天津卷)Has it been a while since yur last visit t a public library? If s，yu may be surprised t learn that libraries have changed fr the better．
②Yu must attend the lecture n time if infrmed(infrm) f it．
③Yu will find yurself upset by traffic jams if living(live) in the centre f the city，especially during the rush hur．
④If_pssible(如果可能的话)，I will visit my uncle when I g t Shanghai n business．
⑤If_necessary(如果有必要)，yu can turn t me fr help at any time．
在if引导的状语从句中如果含有系动词be的某种形式，且从句的主语与主句主语一致或从句的主语是it时，从句的主语和系动词be可以省略。
常见if构成的其他省略形式：if s如果这样的话；if nt如果不这样的话；if necessary如果有必要的话；if any如果有的话；if ever如果曾经有的话。
If the steps yu take are wrking，keep it up．If nt，take anther lk at ther methds yu culd try．
如果你采取的措施有效，继续坚持。如果无效，那就看一下其他你可以尝试的方法。
Ⅰ．用所给词的正确形式填空
1．Just in frnt f ur huse stands(stand) a tall tree with a histry f 1，000 years，which is prtected by the gvernment nw．
2．They transfrmed an abandned(abandn) factry int a lab，in which they carry n their research．
3．This cuntry was nce prud f its educatin system，but nw it seems t be in ruins(ruin)．
4．They fund the remains f buildings buried(bury) under the sand，tgether with a lt f treasure．
5．The gvernment abandned carrying(carry) ut the plan because f the lack f mney．
6．Armed with the infrmatin yu have gathered，yu can set ut t_prepare(prepare) yur business plan．
Ⅱ．在空白处填入一个适当的词
1．When setting ut n a lng walk，please remember t wear suitable bts．
2．Please check ver the speech draft and crrect the mistakes，if any．
3．Buried in his study，he didn't realize that all the thers had left．
4．The fans cheered with abandn when their ftball team wn．
Ⅰ．用所给词的正确形式填空
1．(2020·天津5月卷)Histry is an essential part f human civilizatin(civilize)．
2．The prpsed new structure is ntable(nte) nt nly fr its height，but fr its shape．
3．The plice carried ut a thrugh investigatin(investigate) abut the accident．
4．I am cnvinced that a rise in the temperature f the gas results in its expansin(expand)．
Ⅱ．在空白处填入一个适当的词
1．(2021·天津卷)Take sme time t check ut the buildings where yur classes will be held．
2．(2020·江苏卷)In Juan's wrld，the unknwn and undiscvered was vast and marvelus．
3．The descriptin f these events crrespnds clsely t ther accunts written at the time．
4．A team f scientists are sent t lk int the pssibilities f windgenerated electricity．
Ⅰ．熟词生义(选出黑体词在句中的汉语意思)
1．(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)Wh hasn't received an email s annying that it ruined an entire day? B
A．废墟 B．破坏
C．使破产，使垮台
2．(2020·江苏卷)LveFne，a cmpany that advcates repairing cellphnes rather than abandning them，pened a mini wrkshp in a Lndn phne bx in 2016．C
A．逃离 B．遗弃
C．丢弃
3．(2020·天津5月卷)But the mre time I spent hidden away，the mre my cmfrt zne shrank．B
A．退缩，畏缩 B．缩小
C．下降
Ⅱ．长难语句(分析句子的结构并翻译成汉语)
1．(2020·新高考卷Ⅱ)Readers are encuraged t cntinue explring the digital wrld with the guidance f ur Further Resurces sectin featured in each vlume．
本句中t cntinue explring the digital wrld 是不定式短语作主语补足语，with the guidance f ur Further Resurces sectin为介词短语作状语，featured in each vlume为过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰Further Resurces sectin。
[尝试翻译]鼓励读者继续探索数字世界，并在每一卷的参考资料部分提供指导。
2．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)Despite the celebratins，thugh，in the U．S．the jazz audience cntinues t shrink and grw lder，and the music has failed t cnnect with yunger generatins．
本句由and连接两个并列分句，Despite the celebratins为介词短语作状语。
[尝试翻译]然而，尽管有这样的庆祝会，但是在美国，爵士乐的听众继续减少且老龄化，这种音乐没能获得年轻人的青睐。
短文中黑体部分为本单元核心知识点，请在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式，并背诵该短文。
While 1．diving(dive) in the deep water f a trench，sme divers happened t find a whle city 2．buried(bury) beneath the waves as well as a wreck f a ship，3．which was full f crals．This discvery intrigued sme archaelgists．They immediately 4．threw (thrw)themselves int studying the histry f the city and hw it fell 5．int ruin．In the middle f the 6．investigatin (investigate)，they suddenly fund sme mysterius creatures swimming arund 7．them(they)．They subdued their fear and cntinued t study．But with the expansin f the number f these strange 8．creatures(creature)，they fund it nt safe t cntinue staying in 9．the water．Thinking twice，they decided t abandn the city as well as the ship and 10．retreat(retreat)．After all，life is the mst imprtant．
用本单元词汇、句式和语法知识完成满分作文
尽管我们对宇宙有了较深的认识，但是对海底的了解还是十分有限的。请你写一篇短文，就海底探索提出自己的观点。
注意：词数80左右。
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【参考范文】
Althugh we have had mre detailed maps f the universe, the fact that we still have limited knwledge f the sea bed under the vast waters f the ceans upsets many scientists．
In reality, why there exists life in the dark znes f the ceans, despite the high pressure, darkness, and extreme cld is still unknwn t us．Furthermre, the ceans are a valuable surce f natural resurces．With internatinal cperatin, humans are thrwing themselves int diving deeper and deeper int the ceans with the help f mdern vessels, taking deepsea explratin int a whle new era．
There is n need t wrry abut whether we will reach the unknwn．Because we will definitely make it in the future．
烘托轻松愉悦情感的环境描写
完成下列有关环境细节描写的句子
①夏日周六的早晨，阳光明媚，生机勃勃。
It was Saturday mrning，and all_the_summer_wrld_was_bright_and_fresh，filled with life．
②我们坐在草地上欣赏着美丽的大自然。
We sat n the grass，enjying_the_beautiful_nature．(现代分词作状语)
③景色出奇的美——阳光温暖、空气清新、泉水清澈。
The_views_were_surprisingly_beautiful—the warm sunshine，the fresh air，the clear water．
④树叶似乎更绿了，花儿更鲜艳了，鸟儿比以前更快乐了。
The leaves seemed greener, the_flwers_brighter，the_birds_merrier than ever befre．(省略结构)
⑤公园的角落里繁花盛开。
There_were_varius_flwers_blming_in_the_crner_f_the_park．(there be 句型)
⑥空气中满是怡人的花香。多么香甜！
The_air_was_filled_with_the_pleasant_smell_f_flwers．Hw sweet!
⑦大家满心欢喜、喜气洋洋。
There was a sng in every heart．There_was_cheer_in_every_face．(同结构并列句)
课时分层作业(四十一)
Ⅰ．阅读理解
eq \a\vs4\al(A) eq \a\vs4\al(篇) eq \a\vs4\al(（限时6分钟）)
Bruges，Belgium
If yu've seen the mvie In Bruges, yu prbably knw a little bit abut this city．And even thugh Clin Farrell's character keeps saying it's bring，yu can't deny the beauty f this medieval city．The Gthic architecture is just mesmerizing，all thse pretty buildings wrapped in vines that becme all shades f crimsn in the fall—it's a feast fr yur eyes．And the canals，yu have t take a bat ride thrugh the canals when yu're there—it's incredible．Plus，they have the mst charming pen air markets that wrk all the way until the end f Nvember，and it's als a great pprtunity t taste the best ht chclate yu'll ever have in yur life．
Piedmnt，Italy
If yu like wine and gd fd，autumn is yur peak seasn fr visiting Italy．Fall is vineyard harvest time s definitely g t Piedmnt．They als have lts f different fd festivals in the autumn here，s if yu want t try sme mushrms r truffles，chestnuts r chclate，Italy is waiting fr yu this fall．
Lire Valley，France
Fr thse f yu wh want t witness the clrful displays f autumn with a glass f wine in yur hand，Lire Valley is yur best destinatin．This regin f France is famus fr its vineyards and late Octber is the peak seasn if yu want t see all the vineyards in a blaze f red，range and glden hues．It's truly a sight t behld．
Amsterdam，the Netherlands
Amsterdam is beautiful at any time f the year，but there's just smething incredibly rmantic and picturesque abut ging n a bike ride in Amsterdam in the autumn．All the beautiful trees cvered in red and range leaves，the maze f canals reflecting the glden rays f the sun，beautiful and charming architecture f the huses that stand alngside the canals lk a bit magical in the fall．
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了比利时的布鲁日、意大利的皮德蒙特、法国的卢瓦尔河谷及荷兰的阿姆斯特丹这四个地方的景色特点。
1．In hw many places can yu enjy wine accrding t the passage?
A．One． B．Tw．
C．Three． D．Fur．
B [细节理解题。由题干关键词wine定位至第二段第一句“If yu like visiting Italy．”和第三段第一句“Fr thse f a glass f wine in yur hand, Lire Valley is yur best destinatin．”，据此可知，在这四个地方中人们可以在意大利皮德蒙特和法国卢瓦尔河谷品尝葡萄酒，故B项正确。]
2．What can visitrs taste in bth Bruges and Piedmnt?
A．Truffles． B．Mushrms．
C．Chclate． D．Chestnuts．
C [细节理解题。根据第一段尾句中的“and it's als a great pprtunity t taste the best ht chclate”可知，在比利时的布鲁日可以品尝到热巧克力；根据第二段尾句中的“s if yu want t try sme mushrms r truffles, chestnuts r chclate, Italy is waiting fr yu this fall”可知，人们可以在意大利皮德蒙特品尝到蘑菇或松露，栗子或巧克力。据此可知，在这两个地方人们都能品尝到巧克力。故C项正确。]
3．Which activity can be included t yur autumn trip?
A．Visit many histric sites in Piedmnt．
B．Watch the mvie In Bruges in Belgium．
C．Take a bat ride thrugh the canals in Amsterdam．
D．Get the best view f the vineyards in Lire Valley in late Octber．
D [细节理解题。根据第三段第二句可知，十月下旬是观赏卢瓦尔河谷葡萄园的最佳季节，故D项正确。其他三项文中未提及。]
eq \a\vs4\al(B) eq \a\vs4\al(篇) eq \a\vs4\al(（限时7分钟）)
(2022·成都市诊断性测试)
With runds f pineering space flights that culd set the stage fr future space turism，it is wrth lking at what might be invlved fr the human explratin f Mars，thugh it's likely decades away．As we cntinue t expand ur explratin f Mars，there is a questin：What might be the lessns f past vyages f discveries that we shuld think abut?
Human explratin has led t many extrardinary new discveries，but it has als led t the explitatin (开发) f resurces．Nt lng after early Eurpean settlers arrived at America，they declared their independence and created the cnstitutin by which mdern American sciety functins．Hwever，this did nt prevent the settlers frm referring t native peple as savages and taking away their rights t liberty，happiness，and even survival．Native Americans were quickly killed by wars and new diseases as the new settlers expanded their land．The natural envirnment，with which they had established a harmnius relatinship，was similarly destryed by the settlement．
Mars certainly has an impssible envirnment fr human life，but n Mars，humans will be the invasive (侵入的) species．Will ur landing n Mars break the ecsystem n it? It is pssible that Mars has ideal minerals fr future develpment．But apart frm technlgy challenges，will the mining have a disastrus envirnmental impact n this red neighbur as it has already had n Earth?
The achievements f space explratin are certainly t be applauded．The cntributins f the related researches n chemistry，medicine and many thers are ptentially limitless．Hwever，as we lk t explring wrlds beynd ur wn，we need t begin nw t lk at histry t cnsider hw t engage with different life frms，cultures and envirnments best．We may be capable f writing a law，but we first need t clear ur ptential invasive impact n anther planet that may be cmpletely defenseless．
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇议论文。文章就探索火星提出新的观点，表达了对火星生态系统会遭到破坏的担心。
4．What des the underlined wrd “this” in paragraph 2 refer t?
A．Mdern American sciety．
B．The creatin f the cnstitutin．
C．The settlement f Eurpeans．
D．The explitatin f resurces．
B [细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“Nt lng after functins．”可知，早期的欧洲殖民者到达美洲后不久，制定了现代美国社会运行所依据的宪法。根据画线词所在句可知，但宪法的制定并不能阻止殖民者将土著人称为野蛮人，并剥夺他们的自由、幸福甚至生存的权利。据此可知，画线词指代的是“宪法的制定”。]
5．What's the authr's cncern abut the explratin f Mars?
A．Humans cannt survive n Mars．
B．Humans may bring new diseases t Mars．
C．The explratin may destry Mars' ecsystem．
D．Technlgy challenges will make mining n Mars hard．
C [细节理解题。根据第三段尤其第二句“Will ur landing n it？”可知，作者担心探索火星可能会破坏火星的生态系统。]
6．What's the authr's suggestin fr future space explring?
A．Making relevant laws prperly．
B．Cnducting mre scientific researches．
C．Predicting its impacts n ther planets．
D．Learning frm past explratin experiences．
D [细节理解题。根据尾段第三句中的“as we lk t and envirnments”可知，作者建议探索太空时需要从历史中学习。]
7．Which clumn is this text mst prbably taken frm?
A．Opinin． B．Histry．
C．Technlgy． D．Envirnment．
A [文章出处题。通读全文可知，第一段中的“What might be the think abut？”为全文主旨句；结合下文内容可知，本文就探索火星提出论点：正如欧洲殖民者到达美洲将土著人称为野蛮人并剥夺他们的自由、幸福甚至生存的权利那样，探索火星也可能会破坏那里的生态系统。据此可以推知，本文最可能摘自“观点”栏目。]
eq \a\vs4\al(C) eq \a\vs4\al(篇) eq \a\vs4\al(（限时7分钟）)
(2022·太原市模拟考试)
Wherever we g，we are surrunded by histry．Acrss the glbe，cultural heritage is passed dwn thrugh the generatins．It is in the buildings and structures arund us．It is in the arts and artifacts (手工艺品) we treasure．It lives in the languages we speak and the stries we tell．But tday，it is under attack as never befre．Nt nly is the damage f time threatening ur cultural heritage，but cnflicts，climate change，glbalizatin and turism are all exacting a heavy price．Technlgy is nw the mst essential weapn in the battle．Here's hw technlgy is preserving ur cultural heritage．
As yu can imagine，creating the replicas (复制品) via crwdsurced 2D images is extremely timecnsuming．Increasingly，artificial intelligence (AI) algrithms (算法) are being used t d all the required crwdsurcing，allwing millins f images t be stred in a matter f hurs．AI will als make restratin and preservatin f existing cultural heritage far easier and vastly superir t previus methds．
Virtual reality (VR) technlgy will play a leading rle in preserving ur cultural heritage in the cming years．Many f the mst imprtant sites and architecture are extremely fragile．Human interactin with these lcatins is ding a great deal f harm．Waste accumulates everywhere，causing enrmus prblems．As mre cultural heritage sites and bjects are digitally mapped and recrded，VR technlgy will increasingly becme the way that peple experience them．We'll all eventually be able t walk thrugh places，lk at (and tuch！) artifacts and wrks f art withut ever seeing them with ur wn eyes．
Finally，ur cultural heritage will be preserved via technlgy．Effrts in research，innvatin，data sharing and prject wrk will help prmte and preserve the cultural heritage f cuntries all acrss the wrld．
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。历史与文化遗产无处不在，但是时间的破坏、冲突、气候变化、全球化和旅游业都在威胁着我们的文化遗产；使用人工智能等科技保护这些文化遗产是一个很好的方法。
8．What des the underlined wrd “exacting” in paragraph 1 mean?
A．Paying． B．Cutting．
C．Receiving． D．Demanding．
D [词义猜测题。根据该词所在句中的“Nt nly is cultural heritage”可知，不仅时间的破坏正威胁着我们的文化遗产；根据“but cnflicts，climate heavy price”并结合语境可知，而且冲突、气候变化、全球化和旅游业都要我们付出沉重的代价。据此可知，画线词表示“要求”。]
9．What is the advantage f AI in preserving cultural heritage?
A．It generates 2D images．
B．It makes restratin easier．
C．It makes preservatin safer．
D．It creates replicas in secnds．
B [细节理解题。根据第二段尾句可知，人工智能还将使现存文化遗产的修复和保护更容易且比以前的方法优越得多。]
10．Hw des VR help t preserve cultural heritage?
A．By recycling huge amunts f waste．
B．By reducing human impact n the site．
C．By frbidding visitrs frm tuching artifacts．
D．By educating peple abut the sites' imprtance．
B [推理判断题。根据第三段最后两句“As mre cultural ur wn eyes．”可知，VR技术将文化遗址和文物数字化，人们不用亲自去现场便能体验到这些文化遗址和文物，由此可推知，VR通过减少人类对遗址的影响来帮助保护文化遗产。]
11．Which f the fllwing can be the best title fr the text?
A．Hw Technlgy Changes the Arts
B．What Cultural Heritage Means t Us
C．Preserve the Ancient with the Advanced
D．Prepare fr a Revlutin in Technlgy
C [标题归纳题。通读全文可知，文章第一段最后两句“Technlgy is nw cultural heritage．”是全文的主旨句，又结合下文内容可知，本文主要介绍了使用人工智能和VR技术保护文化遗产和文物的情况。故C项最适合作本文标题。]
Ⅱ．完形填空 eq \a\vs4\al(（限时12分钟）)
(2022·济南市十一校联考)
“I am leaving hme．” When Timmy，my 10yearld sn，eagerly annunced that he culdn't wait t __1__，the feeling f guilt peaked as I tried t figure ut the __2__．“S，I can get a dg，” he stressed．
But I stayed __3__，because we didn't need a dg t cmplete ur life—and he gave up．Until the day I verheard Timmy，with his brther，discussing his mving plan．Suddenly，the situatin __4__—gain a dg r __5__ a child．I felt my reslve __6__．“We can lk int it，” I replied dubtfully，but the kind we wanted cst ridiculus 1，000 dllars! Yes，lve had a price．I __7__ fr thught again．
I shared my __8__ with my friend whse lve fr dgs was quite sensible．He cnnected me t his pet keeper friend wh gt a pregnant dg and the baby dgs were due sn．A few days later，we tk a surprise trip t the cuntryside when the little dgs were brn．I wuld admit that all my previus __9__ reappeared after watching a grup f blind things，but it was t late．Amng screams f __10__，we chse ne f the little dgs as urs．
We attempt t __11__ ur kids in a healthy way —I didn't realize the added dimensin f lve and __12__ that a dg wuld teach my kids．On a ht day，Timmy cut shrt his uting t check if Odie，the dg，had enugh water．When Odie was sick，my elder sn made fresh sup and __13__ fed it t him．
My children n lnger talk abut leaving hme __14__ there is the trublesme issue f wh will take care f the dg．They quietly learn hw t give and receive lve．If having a dg means linking my children even clser tgether，it will be a mther's prayer __15__．
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。作者的儿子Timmy为了养狗不惜计划搬出去，最终作者只能妥协。后来作者发现通过养狗，孩子们学会了给予、接受爱和承担责任，作者觉得自己的愿望得到了回应。
1．A．get ff B．give up
C．mve ut D．step frward
C [根据上文中的“I am leaving hme．”可知，此处应是作者的儿子宣布搬出去。A项“下班”；B项“放弃”；C项“搬走”；D项“向前迈进”。故选C。]
2．A．reasn B．prblem
C．situatin D．fact
A [根据下文中的“‘S，I can get a dg，’he stressed．”可推知，此处应是作者询问儿子想搬出去的原因。故选A。]
3．A．cnfused B．scared
C．stressed D．determined
D [根据下文中的“and he gave up”可推知，之前由于作者的坚持和决心，儿子放弃了在家养狗，且下文中的“I felt my reslve”也是提示。A项“困惑的”；B项“害怕的”；C项“焦虑不安的”；D项“坚定的”。故选D。]
4．A．shifted B．mattered
C．ended D．arse
A [根据上文中的“I am leaving hme．”可知，儿子为了养狗宁愿离开家。由此可知，情况发生了变化。A项“改变”；B项“要紧”；D项“出现”。故选A。]
5．A．stp B．lse
C．teach D．punish
B [根据上文中的“I am leaving hme．”可知，如果Timmy搬出去了，那么作者就“失去”了一个孩子。故选B。]
6．A．strengthening B．ccurring
C．weakening D．disappearing
C [根据空后的“We can lk int it”可推知，作者已经不像以前那么坚定了，即决心减弱。A项“加强”；B项“发生”；C项“减弱”；D项“消失”。故选C。]
7．A．prmised B．agreed
C．refused D．paused
D [根据上文中的“but the kind we wanted cst ridiculus 1，000 dllars”可知，狗太贵，作者停下来思考到底养不养狗。A项“承诺”；B项“同意”；C项“拒绝”；D项“暂停”。故选D。]
8．A．dilemma B．pinin
C．experience D．wrry
A [结合上文可知，作者不准Timmy在家里养狗而Timmy为了养狗要搬出去，这件事应是作者面临的困境。A项“困境”；B项“想法”；C项“经历，经验”；D项“担心”。故选A。]
9．A．excitement B．embarrassment
C．surprise D．dubt
D [根据下文中的“but it was t late”可推知，在挑选小狗之际作者的怀疑又涌上心头。A项“兴奋”；B项“尴尬”；C项“惊讶”；D项“怀疑”。故选D。]
10．A．delight B．relief
C．terrr D．shck
A [根据上文Timmy为了养小狗准备搬出去可知，他很喜欢小狗，所以在选自己的小狗时非常开心。A项“高兴”；B项“宽慰，减轻”；C项“恐惧”；D项“震惊”。故选A。]
11．A．treat B．raise
C．praise D．stp
B [根据“in a healthy way”可知，此处是指用健康的方式养育孩子。A项“以……态度对待”；B项“抚养，养育”；C项“表扬”；D项“停下”。故选B。]
12．A．ability B．respnsibility
C．wisdm D．truth
B [根据下文中的“On a ht day，Timmy cut shrt his uting t check if Odie，the dg，had enugh water．”可知，Timmy通过养狗学会了给予爱和承担责任。A项“能力”；B项“责任”；C项“智慧”；D项“真相”。故选B。]
13．A．quickly B．regularly
C．patiently D．directly
C [根据上文中的“I didn't realize the added dimensin f lve and________ that a dg wuld teach my kids”和“When Odie was sick”可知，当Odie生病时，作者的大儿子会耐心地喂它。A项“迅速地”；B项“有规律地”；C项“耐心地”；D项“直接地”。故选C。]
14．A．unless B．because
C．but D．thugh
B [此处表示作者的孩子们不再谈论离开家的事，因为他们遇到了一个棘手的问题，即谁来照顾狗。此处语境表示因果关系，故选B。]
15．A．answered B．said
C．denied D．ffered
A [此处表示作者意识到养狗可让自己的孩子们更紧密地联系在一起，所以作者认为养狗是作者作为母亲的愿望得到了回应。C项“否定”；D项“提供，主动提出”。故选A。]
Ⅲ．应用文写作 eq \a\vs4\al(（限时13分钟）)
(2022·重庆名校联盟第一次联考)
假如你是李华，你校的图书馆正准备进行改造优化，现向全校师生征求改造建议。请你给图书馆管理员写一封建议信，内容包括：
1．藏书数量；
2．硬件设施；
3．其他建议(至少一条)。
注意：1．写作词数应为80左右；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Sir r Madam，
I am Li Hua，a student in ur schl．_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
Hpefully my ideas will be helpful．
Yurs，
Li Hua
【参考范文】
Dear_Sir_r_Madam，
I_am_Li_Hua，a_student_in_ur_schl．I am rather willing t ffer yu my suggestins fr perfecting ur library and increasing its ppularity．
Firstly，it benefits a lt t diversify the categries f bks and rganize mre readingrelated lectures，thus enabling students t make prper chices and stimulating ur reading interest．Secndly，mre spacius rms alng with cmfrtable seats shuld be designed t prvide a better reading experience．Als，why nt hld meaningful activities like dnating secndhand bks frm students t the children in pvertystricken areas，which can greatly reduce the degree t which resurces are wasted?
Hpefully_my_ideas_will_be_helpful．
Yurs，
Li_Hua
续写语料积累
背诵·句之美
欣赏·语之秀
1．(行为描写)(2022·黄冈中学适应性考试)She asked her grandfather, with a puzzled frwn n her face．
2．(心理描写)(2022·青岛市质量检测)Time was literally flying faster than yu culd blink．
3．(人物描写)(2022·佛山市质量检测)She was like a brilliant sun．
(2022·枣庄市模拟)He lived happily in a beautiful family．His children grew up and mved t different cities in pursue f a gd career and future．He lived in a small village carrying the memries f his deceased wife．
核心单词检测
1．The whle thing develps int an unpleasant scene，which ruins(ruin) everyne's day．
2．Burying(bury) his face in his hands，he tried t cntrl his weeping in frnt f family．
3．All substances(substance) are made f atms whether they are slid，liquid r gas．
4．She claimed that she was unfairly dismissed(dismiss) frm her pst．
5．I wish that sprts day culd be_abandned(abandn)and replaced with sme ther less cmpetitive event．
派生单词检测
1．He is an investigatr and will carry ut a thrugh investigatin int the accident．(investigate)
2．This abandned by was abandning himself t taking drugs．(abandn)
3．He was threatened with dismissal if he cntinued t turn up late fr wrk，that is，he wuld be at risk f being dismissed by the cmpany．(dismiss)
4．The city has been expanding rapidly，whse expansin has brught damage t the natural surrundings．(expand)
5．We live in a civilized sciety and enjy the technlgy f mdern civilizatin．(civilize)
高频短语检测
crrespnd t，all the mre，check ut，test the waters，set ut，thrw neself int，lk int
1．(2021·新高考卷Ⅱ)T lk_int the case，Wang disguised(伪装) himself and jined the beggars．
2．(2021·天津卷)I didn't mind having a tense relatinship with my brther because I was invlved at schl．In particular，I threw_myself_int the wrld f musicals．
3．(2020·浙江1月卷)She wished me t have my wn library card t check_ut bks fr myself．
4．I decided I wanted t test_the_waters in a few different cmpanies befre deciding n where I wanted t wrk．
5．The written recrd f his cnversatin didn't crrespnd_t what was actually said．
重点句式检测
1．现在你没必要告诉我你的答案。思考一下，然后告诉我。(there be句型)
There_is_n_need_fr_yu_t_tell_me yur answer nw．Give it sme thught and then let me knw．
2．沿途全是参天大树，其中一些大约有一百年的历史。(倒装句)
Alng_the_rad_are_thick_and_tall_trees，sme f them with a histry f arund 100 years．
3．你经历过一些尴尬的时刻吗？如果有的话，你愿意和我们分享它们吗？( 条件状语从句的省略)
Have yu ever experienced sme embarrassing mments? If_any，wuld yu like t share them with us？
1
bury [课本义]v．将……埋在下面 [增补义]v．掩藏，遮盖；使沉浸，使专心
2
ruin [课本义]n．残垣断壁，废墟 [增补义]n．&v．毁坏；毁灭
3
abandn [课本义]v．离弃，逃离 [增补义]v．放弃；遗弃；抛弃；中止 n．放任；放纵
4
set ut [课本义]动身踏上(漫长的)旅途 [增补义]展开工作；阐述；陈列
5
[教材原句]Lying under waters acrss the glbe are an estimated three millin shipwrecks．
全球水域下沉睡着约三百万艘沉船残骸。
6
[教材原句]Tday，sme 500 years after the Esmeralda set sail，there is little—if any—land n ur planet left unexplred．
如今，距离“埃斯梅拉达”号起航已有差不多500年，我们星球上尚未被人类探索的土地——如果有的话——已经少之又少了。
①He std n the sidewalk with his hands buried(bury) in the pckets f his dark vercat．
②The girl was sitting n the bench in the park，burying(bury) her head in the bk in her hands．
Because he buried himself in his bk，he didn't knw it was raining utside．
③Burying_himself_in_his_bk，he didn't knw it was raining utside．(v．ing形式作状语)
④Buried_in_his_bk，he didn't knw it was raining utside．(过去分词作状语)
bury ne's head/face in ne's hands用手捂住头/脸
be buried in ＝bury neself in埋头于；专心于
be buried in thught 沉思
bury his head in the sand 逃避现实
bury her face in her hands with embarrassment 她尴尬地得双手掩面
[名师点津] 表示“专注于，致力于，埋头于”的短语还有：be devted t；be absrbed in；be lst in；cncentrate n；fcus n；fix ne's attentin n等。
①The earthquake in Tangshan caused great damage，leaving the city in ruins (ruin)．
②Because f the fire，all the peple left and the whle village has fallen int ruin．
③Having suffered frm tw big fires，the castle has_fallen_int_ruin/has_been_in_ruins/has_been_reduced_t_ruins(已经破败不堪了)．
in ruins 严重受损，破败不堪
fall int ruin 衰落，败落
be reduced t ruins 沦为废墟
ruin ne's health/fame/future 毁坏某人的健康/名誉/前途
ruin ur friendship 破坏了我们的友谊
①(2022·全国乙卷)The ne in the new envirnment shuld be sympathetic t the fact that yur friend may feel abandned(abandn)．
②I will never abandn reaching(reach) the tp f the “muntain” because I want t be successful in life．
③At the party，peple sang and danced with abandn，ttally frgetting the trubles in their lives．
④Abandning_himself_t_the_srrw_f_lsing_his_cat(沉湎于丢了猫的悲伤中)，Steven just culdn't help crying．
abandn ding sth．放弃做某事
abandn neself t ding sth．沉湎于做某事；放纵(感情)于做某事
with abandn 纵情；放任地
abandned adj．被遗弃的；放纵的
abandn ur car and walk the rest f the way 我们弃车走完最后的路
abandn himself t playing cmputer games 他沉湎于玩电子游戏
①(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)The next mrning he hired a bat and set ut t_find(find) the wellknwn painter．
②(2020·天津卷)He cnvinced the plice department t allw him t set up a cuple f “chat benches” in tw f their lcal parks．
在政府的帮助下，人们开始创建他们的新家园。
③Peple set_ut_t_build_their_new_hmes with the help f the gvernment．(set ut)
④Peple set_abut_building_their_new_hmes with the help f the gvernment．(set abut)
set ut fr 动身去某处
set ut t d sth．＝set abut ding sth．开始做某事
set aside 存储；留出
set up 建立；创立
set dwn 放下；记下
set ff 动身，出发；启程；燃放(烟火等)；引发
set ut n the last stage f their jurney 动身踏上他们的最后一段行程
set ff a heated discussin 引起一场热烈争论
①At the meeting place f the Yangtze River and Jialing River lies(lie) Chngqing，ne f the largest cities in China．
②As sn as the bell rang，ut rushed(rush) the children．
③Present at the evening party was(be) ur English teacher yesterday．
④Standing (stand) beside the table was his sister．
⑤They arrived at an ld church．A big crwd f peple std in frnt f the ld church．
→They arrived at an ld church，in_frnt_f_which_std_a_big_crwd_f_peple．(含有定语从句的倒装句)
全部倒装的条件：
表示地点、方位或时间的副词，如here，there，in，ut，up，dwn，away，nw，then 等以及表示方位的介词短语位于句首时。
谓语动词一般为be动词或lie，cme，g，stand等表示位移的动词。
形容词/分词位于句首也可构成全部倒装。
Int the cmplete silence f the waiting class came the teacher's sweet vice，“Gd mrning，children．”
在全班同学静静的等待中传来了老师甜甜的嗓音：“孩子们，早上好。”
①(2020·天津卷)Has it been a while since yur last visit t a public library? If s，yu may be surprised t learn that libraries have changed fr the better．
②Yu must attend the lecture n time if infrmed(infrm) f it．
③Yu will find yurself upset by traffic jams if living(live) in the centre f the city，especially during the rush hur．
④If_pssible(如果可能的话)，I will visit my uncle when I g t Shanghai n business．
⑤If_necessary(如果有必要)，yu can turn t me fr help at any time．
在if引导的状语从句中如果含有系动词be的某种形式，且从句的主语与主句主语一致或从句的主语是it时，从句的主语和系动词be可以省略。
常见if构成的其他省略形式：if s如果这样的话；if nt如果不这样的话；if necessary如果有必要的话；if any如果有的话；if ever如果曾经有的话。
If the steps yu take are wrking，keep it up．If nt，take anther lk at ther methds yu culd try．
如果你采取的措施有效，继续坚持。如果无效，那就看一下其他你可以尝试的方法。
Ⅰ．用所给词的正确形式填空
1．Just in frnt f ur huse stands(stand) a tall tree with a histry f 1，000 years，which is prtected by the gvernment nw．
2．They transfrmed an abandned(abandn) factry int a lab，in which they carry n their research．
3．This cuntry was nce prud f its educatin system，but nw it seems t be in ruins(ruin)．
4．They fund the remains f buildings buried(bury) under the sand，tgether with a lt f treasure．
5．The gvernment abandned carrying(carry) ut the plan because f the lack f mney．
6．Armed with the infrmatin yu have gathered，yu can set ut t_prepare(prepare) yur business plan．
Ⅱ．在空白处填入一个适当的词
1．When setting ut n a lng walk，please remember t wear suitable bts．
2．Please check ver the speech draft and crrect the mistakes，if any．
3．Buried in his study，he didn't realize that all the thers had left．
4．The fans cheered with abandn when their ftball team wn．
Ⅰ．用所给词的正确形式填空
1．(2020·天津5月卷)Histry is an essential part f human civilizatin(civilize)．
2．The prpsed new structure is ntable(nte) nt nly fr its height，but fr its shape．
3．The plice carried ut a thrugh investigatin(investigate) abut the accident．
4．I am cnvinced that a rise in the temperature f the gas results in its expansin(expand)．
Ⅱ．在空白处填入一个适当的词
1．(2021·天津卷)Take sme time t check ut the buildings where yur classes will be held．
2．(2020·江苏卷)In Juan's wrld，the unknwn and undiscvered was vast and marvelus．
3．The descriptin f these events crrespnds clsely t ther accunts written at the time．
4．A team f scientists are sent t lk int the pssibilities f windgenerated electricity．
Ⅰ．熟词生义(选出黑体词在句中的汉语意思)
1．(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)Wh hasn't received an email s annying that it ruined an entire day? B
A．废墟 B．破坏
C．使破产，使垮台
2．(2020·江苏卷)LveFne，a cmpany that advcates repairing cellphnes rather than abandning them，pened a mini wrkshp in a Lndn phne bx in 2016．C
A．逃离 B．遗弃
C．丢弃
3．(2020·天津5月卷)But the mre time I spent hidden away，the mre my cmfrt zne shrank．B
A．退缩，畏缩 B．缩小
C．下降
Ⅱ．长难语句(分析句子的结构并翻译成汉语)
1．(2020·新高考卷Ⅱ)Readers are encuraged t cntinue explring the digital wrld with the guidance f ur Further Resurces sectin featured in each vlume．
本句中t cntinue explring the digital wrld 是不定式短语作主语补足语，with the guidance f ur Further Resurces sectin为介词短语作状语，featured in each vlume为过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰Further Resurces sectin。
[尝试翻译]鼓励读者继续探索数字世界，并在每一卷的参考资料部分提供指导。
2．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)Despite the celebratins，thugh，in the U．S．the jazz audience cntinues t shrink and grw lder，and the music has failed t cnnect with yunger generatins．
本句由and连接两个并列分句，Despite the celebratins为介词短语作状语。
[尝试翻译]然而，尽管有这样的庆祝会，但是在美国，爵士乐的听众继续减少且老龄化，这种音乐没能获得年轻人的青睐。
短文中黑体部分为本单元核心知识点，请在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式，并背诵该短文。
While 1．diving(dive) in the deep water f a trench，sme divers happened t find a whle city 2．buried(bury) beneath the waves as well as a wreck f a ship，3．which was full f crals．This discvery intrigued sme archaelgists．They immediately 4．threw (thrw)themselves int studying the histry f the city and hw it fell 5．int ruin．In the middle f the 6．investigatin (investigate)，they suddenly fund sme mysterius creatures swimming arund 7．them(they)．They subdued their fear and cntinued t study．But with the expansin f the number f these strange 8．creatures(creature)，they fund it nt safe t cntinue staying in 9．the water．Thinking twice，they decided t abandn the city as well as the ship and 10．retreat(retreat)．After all，life is the mst imprtant．
用本单元词汇、句式和语法知识完成满分作文
尽管我们对宇宙有了较深的认识，但是对海底的了解还是十分有限的。请你写一篇短文，就海底探索提出自己的观点。
注意：词数80左右。
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【参考范文】
Althugh we have had mre detailed maps f the universe, the fact that we still have limited knwledge f the sea bed under the vast waters f the ceans upsets many scientists．
In reality, why there exists life in the dark znes f the ceans, despite the high pressure, darkness, and extreme cld is still unknwn t us．Furthermre, the ceans are a valuable surce f natural resurces．With internatinal cperatin, humans are thrwing themselves int diving deeper and deeper int the ceans with the help f mdern vessels, taking deepsea explratin int a whle new era．
There is n need t wrry abut whether we will reach the unknwn．Because we will definitely make it in the future．
烘托轻松愉悦情感的环境描写
完成下列有关环境细节描写的句子
①夏日周六的早晨，阳光明媚，生机勃勃。
It was Saturday mrning，and all_the_summer_wrld_was_bright_and_fresh，filled with life．
②我们坐在草地上欣赏着美丽的大自然。
We sat n the grass，enjying_the_beautiful_nature．(现代分词作状语)
③景色出奇的美——阳光温暖、空气清新、泉水清澈。
The_views_were_surprisingly_beautiful—the warm sunshine，the fresh air，the clear water．
④树叶似乎更绿了，花儿更鲜艳了，鸟儿比以前更快乐了。
The leaves seemed greener, the_flwers_brighter，the_birds_merrier than ever befre．(省略结构)
⑤公园的角落里繁花盛开。
There_were_varius_flwers_blming_in_the_crner_f_the_park．(there be 句型)
⑥空气中满是怡人的花香。多么香甜！
The_air_was_filled_with_the_pleasant_smell_f_flwers．Hw sweet!
⑦大家满心欢喜、喜气洋洋。
There was a sng in every heart．There_was_cheer_in_every_face．(同结构并列句)
课时分层作业(四十一)
Ⅰ．阅读理解
eq \a\vs4\al(A) eq \a\vs4\al(篇) eq \a\vs4\al(（限时6分钟）)
Bruges，Belgium
If yu've seen the mvie In Bruges, yu prbably knw a little bit abut this city．And even thugh Clin Farrell's character keeps saying it's bring，yu can't deny the beauty f this medieval city．The Gthic architecture is just mesmerizing，all thse pretty buildings wrapped in vines that becme all shades f crimsn in the fall—it's a feast fr yur eyes．And the canals，yu have t take a bat ride thrugh the canals when yu're there—it's incredible．Plus，they have the mst charming pen air markets that wrk all the way until the end f Nvember，and it's als a great pprtunity t taste the best ht chclate yu'll ever have in yur life．
Piedmnt，Italy
If yu like wine and gd fd，autumn is yur peak seasn fr visiting Italy．Fall is vineyard harvest time s definitely g t Piedmnt．They als have lts f different fd festivals in the autumn here，s if yu want t try sme mushrms r truffles，chestnuts r chclate，Italy is waiting fr yu this fall．
Lire Valley，France
Fr thse f yu wh want t witness the clrful displays f autumn with a glass f wine in yur hand，Lire Valley is yur best destinatin．This regin f France is famus fr its vineyards and late Octber is the peak seasn if yu want t see all the vineyards in a blaze f red，range and glden hues．It's truly a sight t behld．
Amsterdam，the Netherlands
Amsterdam is beautiful at any time f the year，but there's just smething incredibly rmantic and picturesque abut ging n a bike ride in Amsterdam in the autumn．All the beautiful trees cvered in red and range leaves，the maze f canals reflecting the glden rays f the sun，beautiful and charming architecture f the huses that stand alngside the canals lk a bit magical in the fall．
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了比利时的布鲁日、意大利的皮德蒙特、法国的卢瓦尔河谷及荷兰的阿姆斯特丹这四个地方的景色特点。
1．In hw many places can yu enjy wine accrding t the passage?
A．One． B．Tw．
C．Three． D．Fur．
B [细节理解题。由题干关键词wine定位至第二段第一句“If yu like visiting Italy．”和第三段第一句“Fr thse f a glass f wine in yur hand, Lire Valley is yur best destinatin．”，据此可知，在这四个地方中人们可以在意大利皮德蒙特和法国卢瓦尔河谷品尝葡萄酒，故B项正确。]
2．What can visitrs taste in bth Bruges and Piedmnt?
A．Truffles． B．Mushrms．
C．Chclate． D．Chestnuts．
C [细节理解题。根据第一段尾句中的“and it's als a great pprtunity t taste the best ht chclate”可知，在比利时的布鲁日可以品尝到热巧克力；根据第二段尾句中的“s if yu want t try sme mushrms r truffles, chestnuts r chclate, Italy is waiting fr yu this fall”可知，人们可以在意大利皮德蒙特品尝到蘑菇或松露，栗子或巧克力。据此可知，在这两个地方人们都能品尝到巧克力。故C项正确。]
3．Which activity can be included t yur autumn trip?
A．Visit many histric sites in Piedmnt．
B．Watch the mvie In Bruges in Belgium．
C．Take a bat ride thrugh the canals in Amsterdam．
D．Get the best view f the vineyards in Lire Valley in late Octber．
D [细节理解题。根据第三段第二句可知，十月下旬是观赏卢瓦尔河谷葡萄园的最佳季节，故D项正确。其他三项文中未提及。]
eq \a\vs4\al(B) eq \a\vs4\al(篇) eq \a\vs4\al(（限时7分钟）)
(2022·成都市诊断性测试)
With runds f pineering space flights that culd set the stage fr future space turism，it is wrth lking at what might be invlved fr the human explratin f Mars，thugh it's likely decades away．As we cntinue t expand ur explratin f Mars，there is a questin：What might be the lessns f past vyages f discveries that we shuld think abut?
Human explratin has led t many extrardinary new discveries，but it has als led t the explitatin (开发) f resurces．Nt lng after early Eurpean settlers arrived at America，they declared their independence and created the cnstitutin by which mdern American sciety functins．Hwever，this did nt prevent the settlers frm referring t native peple as savages and taking away their rights t liberty，happiness，and even survival．Native Americans were quickly killed by wars and new diseases as the new settlers expanded their land．The natural envirnment，with which they had established a harmnius relatinship，was similarly destryed by the settlement．
Mars certainly has an impssible envirnment fr human life，but n Mars，humans will be the invasive (侵入的) species．Will ur landing n Mars break the ecsystem n it? It is pssible that Mars has ideal minerals fr future develpment．But apart frm technlgy challenges，will the mining have a disastrus envirnmental impact n this red neighbur as it has already had n Earth?
The achievements f space explratin are certainly t be applauded．The cntributins f the related researches n chemistry，medicine and many thers are ptentially limitless．Hwever，as we lk t explring wrlds beynd ur wn，we need t begin nw t lk at histry t cnsider hw t engage with different life frms，cultures and envirnments best．We may be capable f writing a law，but we first need t clear ur ptential invasive impact n anther planet that may be cmpletely defenseless．
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇议论文。文章就探索火星提出新的观点，表达了对火星生态系统会遭到破坏的担心。
4．What des the underlined wrd “this” in paragraph 2 refer t?
A．Mdern American sciety．
B．The creatin f the cnstitutin．
C．The settlement f Eurpeans．
D．The explitatin f resurces．
B [细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“Nt lng after functins．”可知，早期的欧洲殖民者到达美洲后不久，制定了现代美国社会运行所依据的宪法。根据画线词所在句可知，但宪法的制定并不能阻止殖民者将土著人称为野蛮人，并剥夺他们的自由、幸福甚至生存的权利。据此可知，画线词指代的是“宪法的制定”。]
5．What's the authr's cncern abut the explratin f Mars?
A．Humans cannt survive n Mars．
B．Humans may bring new diseases t Mars．
C．The explratin may destry Mars' ecsystem．
D．Technlgy challenges will make mining n Mars hard．
C [细节理解题。根据第三段尤其第二句“Will ur landing n it？”可知，作者担心探索火星可能会破坏火星的生态系统。]
6．What's the authr's suggestin fr future space explring?
A．Making relevant laws prperly．
B．Cnducting mre scientific researches．
C．Predicting its impacts n ther planets．
D．Learning frm past explratin experiences．
D [细节理解题。根据尾段第三句中的“as we lk t and envirnments”可知，作者建议探索太空时需要从历史中学习。]
7．Which clumn is this text mst prbably taken frm?
A．Opinin． B．Histry．
C．Technlgy． D．Envirnment．
A [文章出处题。通读全文可知，第一段中的“What might be the think abut？”为全文主旨句；结合下文内容可知，本文就探索火星提出论点：正如欧洲殖民者到达美洲将土著人称为野蛮人并剥夺他们的自由、幸福甚至生存的权利那样，探索火星也可能会破坏那里的生态系统。据此可以推知，本文最可能摘自“观点”栏目。]
eq \a\vs4\al(C) eq \a\vs4\al(篇) eq \a\vs4\al(（限时7分钟）)
(2022·太原市模拟考试)
Wherever we g，we are surrunded by histry．Acrss the glbe，cultural heritage is passed dwn thrugh the generatins．It is in the buildings and structures arund us．It is in the arts and artifacts (手工艺品) we treasure．It lives in the languages we speak and the stries we tell．But tday，it is under attack as never befre．Nt nly is the damage f time threatening ur cultural heritage，but cnflicts，climate change，glbalizatin and turism are all exacting a heavy price．Technlgy is nw the mst essential weapn in the battle．Here's hw technlgy is preserving ur cultural heritage．
As yu can imagine，creating the replicas (复制品) via crwdsurced 2D images is extremely timecnsuming．Increasingly，artificial intelligence (AI) algrithms (算法) are being used t d all the required crwdsurcing，allwing millins f images t be stred in a matter f hurs．AI will als make restratin and preservatin f existing cultural heritage far easier and vastly superir t previus methds．
Virtual reality (VR) technlgy will play a leading rle in preserving ur cultural heritage in the cming years．Many f the mst imprtant sites and architecture are extremely fragile．Human interactin with these lcatins is ding a great deal f harm．Waste accumulates everywhere，causing enrmus prblems．As mre cultural heritage sites and bjects are digitally mapped and recrded，VR technlgy will increasingly becme the way that peple experience them．We'll all eventually be able t walk thrugh places，lk at (and tuch！) artifacts and wrks f art withut ever seeing them with ur wn eyes．
Finally，ur cultural heritage will be preserved via technlgy．Effrts in research，innvatin，data sharing and prject wrk will help prmte and preserve the cultural heritage f cuntries all acrss the wrld．
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。历史与文化遗产无处不在，但是时间的破坏、冲突、气候变化、全球化和旅游业都在威胁着我们的文化遗产；使用人工智能等科技保护这些文化遗产是一个很好的方法。
8．What des the underlined wrd “exacting” in paragraph 1 mean?
A．Paying． B．Cutting．
C．Receiving． D．Demanding．
D [词义猜测题。根据该词所在句中的“Nt nly is cultural heritage”可知，不仅时间的破坏正威胁着我们的文化遗产；根据“but cnflicts，climate heavy price”并结合语境可知，而且冲突、气候变化、全球化和旅游业都要我们付出沉重的代价。据此可知，画线词表示“要求”。]
9．What is the advantage f AI in preserving cultural heritage?
A．It generates 2D images．
B．It makes restratin easier．
C．It makes preservatin safer．
D．It creates replicas in secnds．
B [细节理解题。根据第二段尾句可知，人工智能还将使现存文化遗产的修复和保护更容易且比以前的方法优越得多。]
10．Hw des VR help t preserve cultural heritage?
A．By recycling huge amunts f waste．
B．By reducing human impact n the site．
C．By frbidding visitrs frm tuching artifacts．
D．By educating peple abut the sites' imprtance．
B [推理判断题。根据第三段最后两句“As mre cultural ur wn eyes．”可知，VR技术将文化遗址和文物数字化，人们不用亲自去现场便能体验到这些文化遗址和文物，由此可推知，VR通过减少人类对遗址的影响来帮助保护文化遗产。]
11．Which f the fllwing can be the best title fr the text?
A．Hw Technlgy Changes the Arts
B．What Cultural Heritage Means t Us
C．Preserve the Ancient with the Advanced
D．Prepare fr a Revlutin in Technlgy
C [标题归纳题。通读全文可知，文章第一段最后两句“Technlgy is nw cultural heritage．”是全文的主旨句，又结合下文内容可知，本文主要介绍了使用人工智能和VR技术保护文化遗产和文物的情况。故C项最适合作本文标题。]
Ⅱ．完形填空 eq \a\vs4\al(（限时12分钟）)
(2022·济南市十一校联考)
“I am leaving hme．” When Timmy，my 10yearld sn，eagerly annunced that he culdn't wait t __1__，the feeling f guilt peaked as I tried t figure ut the __2__．“S，I can get a dg，” he stressed．
But I stayed __3__，because we didn't need a dg t cmplete ur life—and he gave up．Until the day I verheard Timmy，with his brther，discussing his mving plan．Suddenly，the situatin __4__—gain a dg r __5__ a child．I felt my reslve __6__．“We can lk int it，” I replied dubtfully，but the kind we wanted cst ridiculus 1，000 dllars! Yes，lve had a price．I __7__ fr thught again．
I shared my __8__ with my friend whse lve fr dgs was quite sensible．He cnnected me t his pet keeper friend wh gt a pregnant dg and the baby dgs were due sn．A few days later，we tk a surprise trip t the cuntryside when the little dgs were brn．I wuld admit that all my previus __9__ reappeared after watching a grup f blind things，but it was t late．Amng screams f __10__，we chse ne f the little dgs as urs．
We attempt t __11__ ur kids in a healthy way —I didn't realize the added dimensin f lve and __12__ that a dg wuld teach my kids．On a ht day，Timmy cut shrt his uting t check if Odie，the dg，had enugh water．When Odie was sick，my elder sn made fresh sup and __13__ fed it t him．
My children n lnger talk abut leaving hme __14__ there is the trublesme issue f wh will take care f the dg．They quietly learn hw t give and receive lve．If having a dg means linking my children even clser tgether，it will be a mther's prayer __15__．
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。作者的儿子Timmy为了养狗不惜计划搬出去，最终作者只能妥协。后来作者发现通过养狗，孩子们学会了给予、接受爱和承担责任，作者觉得自己的愿望得到了回应。
1．A．get ff B．give up
C．mve ut D．step frward
C [根据上文中的“I am leaving hme．”可知，此处应是作者的儿子宣布搬出去。A项“下班”；B项“放弃”；C项“搬走”；D项“向前迈进”。故选C。]
2．A．reasn B．prblem
C．situatin D．fact
A [根据下文中的“‘S，I can get a dg，’he stressed．”可推知，此处应是作者询问儿子想搬出去的原因。故选A。]
3．A．cnfused B．scared
C．stressed D．determined
D [根据下文中的“and he gave up”可推知，之前由于作者的坚持和决心，儿子放弃了在家养狗，且下文中的“I felt my reslve”也是提示。A项“困惑的”；B项“害怕的”；C项“焦虑不安的”；D项“坚定的”。故选D。]
4．A．shifted B．mattered
C．ended D．arse
A [根据上文中的“I am leaving hme．”可知，儿子为了养狗宁愿离开家。由此可知，情况发生了变化。A项“改变”；B项“要紧”；D项“出现”。故选A。]
5．A．stp B．lse
C．teach D．punish
B [根据上文中的“I am leaving hme．”可知，如果Timmy搬出去了，那么作者就“失去”了一个孩子。故选B。]
6．A．strengthening B．ccurring
C．weakening D．disappearing
C [根据空后的“We can lk int it”可推知，作者已经不像以前那么坚定了，即决心减弱。A项“加强”；B项“发生”；C项“减弱”；D项“消失”。故选C。]
7．A．prmised B．agreed
C．refused D．paused
D [根据上文中的“but the kind we wanted cst ridiculus 1，000 dllars”可知，狗太贵，作者停下来思考到底养不养狗。A项“承诺”；B项“同意”；C项“拒绝”；D项“暂停”。故选D。]
8．A．dilemma B．pinin
C．experience D．wrry
A [结合上文可知，作者不准Timmy在家里养狗而Timmy为了养狗要搬出去，这件事应是作者面临的困境。A项“困境”；B项“想法”；C项“经历，经验”；D项“担心”。故选A。]
9．A．excitement B．embarrassment
C．surprise D．dubt
D [根据下文中的“but it was t late”可推知，在挑选小狗之际作者的怀疑又涌上心头。A项“兴奋”；B项“尴尬”；C项“惊讶”；D项“怀疑”。故选D。]
10．A．delight B．relief
C．terrr D．shck
A [根据上文Timmy为了养小狗准备搬出去可知，他很喜欢小狗，所以在选自己的小狗时非常开心。A项“高兴”；B项“宽慰，减轻”；C项“恐惧”；D项“震惊”。故选A。]
11．A．treat B．raise
C．praise D．stp
B [根据“in a healthy way”可知，此处是指用健康的方式养育孩子。A项“以……态度对待”；B项“抚养，养育”；C项“表扬”；D项“停下”。故选B。]
12．A．ability B．respnsibility
C．wisdm D．truth
B [根据下文中的“On a ht day，Timmy cut shrt his uting t check if Odie，the dg，had enugh water．”可知，Timmy通过养狗学会了给予爱和承担责任。A项“能力”；B项“责任”；C项“智慧”；D项“真相”。故选B。]
13．A．quickly B．regularly
C．patiently D．directly
C [根据上文中的“I didn't realize the added dimensin f lve and________ that a dg wuld teach my kids”和“When Odie was sick”可知，当Odie生病时，作者的大儿子会耐心地喂它。A项“迅速地”；B项“有规律地”；C项“耐心地”；D项“直接地”。故选C。]
14．A．unless B．because
C．but D．thugh
B [此处表示作者的孩子们不再谈论离开家的事，因为他们遇到了一个棘手的问题，即谁来照顾狗。此处语境表示因果关系，故选B。]
15．A．answered B．said
C．denied D．ffered
A [此处表示作者意识到养狗可让自己的孩子们更紧密地联系在一起，所以作者认为养狗是作者作为母亲的愿望得到了回应。C项“否定”；D项“提供，主动提出”。故选A。]
Ⅲ．应用文写作 eq \a\vs4\al(（限时13分钟）)
(2022·重庆名校联盟第一次联考)
假如你是李华，你校的图书馆正准备进行改造优化，现向全校师生征求改造建议。请你给图书馆管理员写一封建议信，内容包括：
1．藏书数量；
2．硬件设施；
3．其他建议(至少一条)。
注意：1．写作词数应为80左右；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Sir r Madam，
I am Li Hua，a student in ur schl．_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
Hpefully my ideas will be helpful．
Yurs，
Li Hua
【参考范文】
Dear_Sir_r_Madam，
I_am_Li_Hua，a_student_in_ur_schl．I am rather willing t ffer yu my suggestins fr perfecting ur library and increasing its ppularity．
Firstly，it benefits a lt t diversify the categries f bks and rganize mre readingrelated lectures，thus enabling students t make prper chices and stimulating ur reading interest．Secndly，mre spacius rms alng with cmfrtable seats shuld be designed t prvide a better reading experience．Als，why nt hld meaningful activities like dnating secndhand bks frm students t the children in pvertystricken areas，which can greatly reduce the degree t which resurces are wasted?
Hpefully_my_ideas_will_be_helpful．
Yurs，
Li_Hua
续写语料积累
背诵·句之美
欣赏·语之秀
1．(行为描写)(2022·黄冈中学适应性考试)She asked her grandfather, with a puzzled frwn n her face．
2．(心理描写)(2022·青岛市质量检测)Time was literally flying faster than yu culd blink．
3．(人物描写)(2022·佛山市质量检测)She was like a brilliant sun．
(2022·枣庄市模拟)He lived happily in a beautiful family．His children grew up and mved t different cities in pursue f a gd career and future．He lived in a small village carrying the memries f his deceased wife．
核心单词检测
1．The whle thing develps int an unpleasant scene，which ruins(ruin) everyne's day．
2．Burying(bury) his face in his hands，he tried t cntrl his weeping in frnt f family．
3．All substances(substance) are made f atms whether they are slid，liquid r gas．
4．She claimed that she was unfairly dismissed(dismiss) frm her pst．
5．I wish that sprts day culd be_abandned(abandn)and replaced with sme ther less cmpetitive event．
派生单词检测
1．He is an investigatr and will carry ut a thrugh investigatin int the accident．(investigate)
2．This abandned by was abandning himself t taking drugs．(abandn)
3．He was threatened with dismissal if he cntinued t turn up late fr wrk，that is，he wuld be at risk f being dismissed by the cmpany．(dismiss)
4．The city has been expanding rapidly，whse expansin has brught damage t the natural surrundings．(expand)
5．We live in a civilized sciety and enjy the technlgy f mdern civilizatin．(civilize)
高频短语检测
crrespnd t，all the mre，check ut，test the waters，set ut，thrw neself int，lk int
1．(2021·新高考卷Ⅱ)T lk_int the case，Wang disguised(伪装) himself and jined the beggars．
2．(2021·天津卷)I didn't mind having a tense relatinship with my brther because I was invlved at schl．In particular，I threw_myself_int the wrld f musicals．
3．(2020·浙江1月卷)She wished me t have my wn library card t check_ut bks fr myself．
4．I decided I wanted t test_the_waters in a few different cmpanies befre deciding n where I wanted t wrk．
5．The written recrd f his cnversatin didn't crrespnd_t what was actually said．
重点句式检测
1．现在你没必要告诉我你的答案。思考一下，然后告诉我。(there be句型)
There_is_n_need_fr_yu_t_tell_me yur answer nw．Give it sme thught and then let me knw．
2．沿途全是参天大树，其中一些大约有一百年的历史。(倒装句)
Alng_the_rad_are_thick_and_tall_trees，sme f them with a histry f arund 100 years．
3．你经历过一些尴尬的时刻吗？如果有的话，你愿意和我们分享它们吗？( 条件状语从句的省略)
Have yu ever experienced sme embarrassing mments? If_any，wuld yu like t share them with us？
1
bury [课本义]v．将……埋在下面 [增补义]v．掩藏，遮盖；使沉浸，使专心
2
ruin [课本义]n．残垣断壁，废墟 [增补义]n．&v．毁坏；毁灭
3
abandn [课本义]v．离弃，逃离 [增补义]v．放弃；遗弃；抛弃；中止 n．放任；放纵
4
set ut [课本义]动身踏上(漫长的)旅途 [增补义]展开工作；阐述；陈列
5
[教材原句]Lying under waters acrss the glbe are an estimated three millin shipwrecks．
全球水域下沉睡着约三百万艘沉船残骸。
6
[教材原句]Tday，sme 500 years after the Esmeralda set sail，there is little—if any—land n ur planet left unexplred．
如今，距离“埃斯梅拉达”号起航已有差不多500年，我们星球上尚未被人类探索的土地——如果有的话——已经少之又少了。
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