高考英语一轮复习小题强化练习专题05动词的时态和语态（含解析）

专题05  动词的时态和语态

限时：（ 35分钟）

（基础题）

1.  Since April drinks companies __________(force) to pay between 18p and 24p for every litre of sugary drink they produce or import, depending on the sugar content.
2. The next step, according to the researchers, is to try and work out whether the cockatoos _________(rely) entirely on visual clues (线索), or also use a sense of touch in making their shape selections.
3. Ever since her childhood, Ginni, now 71, _________(have) a deep love for travel.
4. In March 2008, Ginni _________(board) a ship with 48 passengers she’d never met before, to begin the journey towards Antarctica.
5. Languages _________(come) and going for thousands of years, but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going.
6. When the the world was still populated by hunter-gatherers, small, tightly knit (联系) groups _________(develop) their own patterns of speech independent of each other.
7. Some language experts believe that 10,000 years ago, when the world had just five to ten million people, they _________(speak) perhaps 12,000 languages between them.
8. As we _________(accumulate) more devices, however, we didn’t throw out our old ones.
9. The average number of electronic devices _________(rise) from four per household in 1992 to 13 in 2007.
10. Here _________(be) some ways to turn your home into part of diet plan.
11. If your home doesn’t have enough window light, _________(get) more lamps and flood the place with brightness.
12. Since the first Earth Day in 1970, American_________(get) a lot “greener” toward the environment.
13. What _________(begin) as nothing important in public affairs has grown into a social movement.
14. Twenty-five years ago, there _________( be) hardly any education programs for environment.
15. Friendship _________(need) care and attention to keep it in good health.
16. The way you handle chopsticks _________(be) important to avoid annoying your companions.
17. Her notice _________(include) what kind of training she wanted to do, how many days a week and how many hours she wanted to spend on each session, and her age.
18. So the first thing we did _________(be) rent a fantastically expensive sixth-floor apartment the size of a cupboard.
19.  On our first morning in Paris, I _________(go) around the corner to the food market to pick up some groceries.
20. Some individuals _________(bear) with a gift for public speaking.
21. If you can start the conversation with a question other than “What do you do for a living?", you_________(be) able to get a lot more interesting conversation out of whomever it is you're talking to.
22. Over the years, there _________(be) a number of different techniques to help designers approach this important point.
23. If anyone _________(tell) me three years ago that I would be spending most of my weekends camping, I would have laughed heartily.
24. We _________(sleep) in a tent, cooked over an open fire, and walked a long distance to take the shower and use the bathroom.

Key: 1. have been forced 2. rely 3. has had 4. boarded 5. have been coming  6. developed 7. spoke  8. accumulated  9. rose 10. are  11. get  12. has gotten(got) 13. began 14. were 15. needs 16. is 17. included 18. was 19. went 20. are born 21. will be 22. have been 23. had told 24. slept

（能力题）

1. The chairman of the China Culture Promotion Society   63   （address）the opening ceremony.(2022全国乙卷)
2. In the last five years, Cao ___ ___ (walk) through 34 countries in six continents, and in 2016, he reached the top of Kilimanjaro, Africa’s highest mountain. (2022全国甲卷)
3. The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that __  ___ (be) previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority to increase effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management. (2022新高考卷)
4. The GPNP ___  ___ (design)to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity (完整性) of natural ecosystems, preserving biological diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones, and leaving behind precious natural assets(资产)for future generations”.  (2022新高考卷)
5. What comes next is the endless series of steps. You can’t help wondering how hard it ________ (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place. (2021新高考一卷)
6. The parts of a museum open to the public      （call）galleries or rooms. (2020新高考一卷)
7. Often, only a small part of a museum’s collection      （be）on display. Most of it is stored away or used for research. (2020新高考一卷)
8. One of the biggest companies I wrote to ____43____ (be) Alaska Airlines Paris. (2021新高考二卷)
9. Because the number of possible topics   63   （be）practically limitless, we focus on a sample of the most interesting and useful applications and tools and explain the basic principles of technology.(2020新高考二卷)
10. China has become the first country to land a spacecraft on the far side of the moon. The unmanned Chang’e-4 probe (探测器) - the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess   61   (touch) down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin. (2020全国一卷)
11. ＂This really excites scientists,＂ Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University, says, ＂because it      __  (mean) we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon        (construct)＂ (2020全国一卷)
12. In recent years some Inuit people in Nunayut          (report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a belief that populations are increasing.  (2019全国一卷)
13. Of the nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six       (be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data. (2019全国一卷)
14. It       (build) originally to protect the city in the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored (修复). (2021全国二卷)
15. We         (hire) our bikes from the rental place at the South Gate. (2021全国二卷)
16. This is why decorating with plants, fruits and flowers __  ___ (carry) special significance. (2020全国二卷)
17. Picking up her“Lifetime Achievement”award，proud Irene ___ ___(declare) she had no plans to retire from her 36-year-old business.(2019全国二卷)
18. I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I __ ___(make) over the years. (2019全国二卷)
19. The artist was sure he would___  ___(choose), but when he presented his masterpiece to the emperor’s chief minister, the old nan laughed.(2020全国三卷)
20. When he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary (传奇的) artist, they smiled and ___ ___ (point) down the river. (2020全国三卷)
21. Our hosts shared many of their experiences and ___   __(recommend)wonderful places to eat，shop，and visit. (2019全国三卷)
22. On the last day of our week-long stay，we __ ___(invite)to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars，listening to musicians and meeting interesting locals.(2019全国三卷)

Key:  1. addressed   2. has walked   3. was   4. is designed   5. is   6. are called   7. is   8. is     9. is    10. touched    11. means; is constructed    12. have reported    13. are  14. was built  15. hired  16. carries  17. declared  18. have made  19. be chosen  20. pointed  21. recommended   22. were invited

（真题/新题）

模块综合练05

Ⅰ.阅读理解

A

(2020·“四省八校”第二次教学质量检测)Fires sweeping across the Amazon rainforest this year have been a hot topic as scientists and environmental groups are worried that they will worsen the climate change crisis and threaten biodiversity(生物多样性)．

As the largest rainforest in the world，the Amazon rainforest is often called“the lungs of the world”．It is also home to about 3 million species of plants and animals，and

1 million native people.The vast areas of the rainforest play an important role in the world's ecosystem because they absorb heat instead of it being reflected back into the atmosphere.They also store carbon dioxide and produce oxygen，ensuring that less carbon dioxide is released，mitigating the effects of climate change.

“Any forest destroyed is a threat to biodiversity and people，” Thomas Lovejoy，an ecologist at George Mason University told National Geographic.“The overwhelming threat is that a lot of carbon dioxide goes into the atmosphere，”he stressed.“In the midst of the global climate crisis，we cannot afford more damage to a major source of oxygen and biodiversity.The Amazon rainforest must be protected，”U.N.Secretary General António Guterres said.

Data from the National Institute for Space Research(INPE)show that the number of forest fires in Brazil quickly increased by 82 percent from January to August this year compared to the same period last year.A total of 71，497 forest fires were registered in the country in the first eight months of 2019，up from 39，194 in the same period in 2018，INPE said.“We estimate that the forest areas in the Brazilian Amazon rainforest have decreased by between 20 and 30 percent compared to the last 12 months，”Carlos Nobre，a researcher at the University of Sao Paulo，told German broadcaster Deutsche Welle.

Brazil owns about 60 percent of the Amazon rainforest，whose degradation (恶化)could have severe consequences for global climate and rainfall.The extent of the area ruined by fires has yet to be determined，but the emergency has transcended(超出)Brazil's borders，reaching Peruvian，Paraguayan and Bolivian regions.

【语篇解读】　科学家和环保组织担心席卷亚马逊雨林的火灾将加剧气候变化危机，威胁生物多样性。今年，位于巴西的部分亚马逊雨林火灾数量显著增加。

1．What does the underlined word“mitigating”in Paragraph 2 probably mean?

A．Increasing.　 B．Relieving.

C．Ignoring.　　　 D．Improving.

B　[词义猜测题。根据第二段第三、四句可知，大片的热带雨林在世界生态系统中扮演着重要的角色，因为它们吸收热量，而不是将热量反射回大气中；此外，热带雨林还储存二氧化碳并制造氧气，以确保更少的二氧化碳被释放。由此可知，热带雨林能够减轻气候变化带来的影响。故可推知画线词的含义与“relieving”的含义相近，故选B。]

2．What can we learn from Thomas's and António's words?

A．The biodiversity makes the rainforest unique.

B．The rainforest fires result in serious consequences.

C．The global climate crisis brings more rainforest fires.

D．The dry weather leads to the rainforest fires.

B　[推理判断题。根据第三段中Thomas所说的话“Any forest destroyed is a threat to biodiversity and people”以及António所说的话“In the midst of the global climate crisis，we cannot afford more damage to a major source of oxygen and biodiversity”可知，Thomas认为任何森林的破坏都是对生物多样性和人们的威胁，António认为在全球气候危机的情况下，我们承担不起氧气和生物多样性的主要来源(即亚马逊雨林)被更多破坏的后果。由此可推知，两人意在表明，雨林大火导致了严重的后果。故选B。]

【干扰项分析】　根据上述分析可知，两人并没有强调生物多样性成就了雨林的独特性，故A项表述错误。

3．Why does the author list the numbers in Paragraph 4?

A．To prove the importance of the rainforest.

B．To show the reason for forest fires.

C．To explain the process of the research.

D．To present the reduction in rainforest areas.

D　[推理判断题。根据第四段第一句中的“the number of forest fires in Brazil quickly increased”和第三句中的“the forest areas in the Brazilian Amazon rainforest have decreased by between 20 and 30 percent”可推知，第四段列举数字是为了说明，亚马逊雨林由于森林火灾的影响，其面积减少了一些。故选D。]

4．What does this passage mainly talk about?

A．The climate change crisis is worsening.

B．The forest areas are on the decline.

C．“The lungs of the world” is burning.

D．The world's ecosystem is under attack.

C　[主旨大意题。文章第一段为文章的总述部分，表明本年席卷亚马逊雨林的火灾将加剧气候变化危机，威胁生物多样性；第二至第五段介绍了亚马逊雨林火灾对生物多样性以及森林面积等的影响，其中第四段又突出强调亚马逊雨林火灾数量显著增加。由此可知C项符合题意。]

B

(2020·哈尔滨师大附中、东北师大附中、辽宁省实验中学一模)Maybe you take vitamins regularly supporting brainpower，or stock up on these foods that boost brain health.But new guidelines from the American Academy of Neurology (AAN) suggest there's something better you can do to keep your mind sharp.

A quarter of adults aged 80 to 84 experience mild cognitive (认知的) impairment，according to AAN.To address the widespread problem，a group of neurologists and Alzheimer's (阿尔茨海默症) specialists went through existing studies to define the best ways to prevent and treat cognitive decline—and you might be surprised by what they included and what they didn't.

Surprisingly，the AAN guidelines don't include any medication(药物) or dietary recommendations.The authors stress that there haven't been any high­quality，long­term studies finding foods or medication can help cognitive decline.The guidelines also say doctors can consider suggesting cognitive training to patients with memory loss but not rely on it.At the present time，the report's authors say the evidence is too inconclusive to say for sure if brain exercises，like memory and attention training or problem­solving for everyday issues associated with memory loss，are beneficial.Still，these morning brain exercises can't do any harm.

But there was one big discovery from the new guidelines: Exercising just twice a week could improve cognitive decline.One study showed adults with mild cognitive impairment who did resistance training twice a week scored better on executive function and associative memory tests than a group that worked on balancing，stretching，and relaxing.

What's more，another study had older adults attend either biweekly health classes or sessions of aerobics，strength training，balance exercises，and multitasking training.Six months later，the ones who'd exercised regularly scored better on cognitive health and memory tests，and had less brain shrinkage.

AAN now recommends doctors tell patients with memory loss to exercise twice a week to keep their minds sharp.This is the best time to exercise if you want to improve your memory.It looks like you've got just one more reason to clear time in your schedule for a workout —even if it's only on the weekends.

【语篇解读】　研究发现，每周进行两次锻炼会让大脑保持敏锐，能够改善老年人的认知障碍。

5．What does the underlined word “impairment” in Paragraph 2 refer to?

A．Error. B．Decline.

C．Development.　　　　 D．Presence.

B　[词义猜测题。根据第二段第二句中的“To address the widespread problem，a group of neurologists and Alzheimer's(阿尔茨海默症) specialists went through existing studies to define the best ways to prevent and treat cognitive decline”可知，为了解决这个普遍性的问题，一群神经病学家和阿尔茨海默症专家仔细琢磨现有的研究来明确预防和治疗认知衰退的最佳方法，由此可推知，画线词应与decline词义相近，故选B。]

6．ANN may be uncertain about________ ．

A．strength training

B．resistance training

C．exercising twice a week

D．morning brain exercises

D　[细节理解题。根据第三段倒数第二句可知，报告的作者说目前还没有确凿的证据来确定大脑锻炼是否有益。故D项符合题意。]

7．Which of the following may the author agree with?

A．Daily exercises are beneficial to Alzheimer's.

B．The AAN guidelines attach importance to workouts.

C．Medication is of significance in the ANN guidelines.

D．Stocking up on vitamins supporting brainpower means nothing.

B　[细节理解题。根据第四段中的“But there was one big discovery from the new guidelines：Exercising just twice a week could improve cognitive decline”以及第六段第一句可知，AAN认为每周锻炼两次可以改善认知衰退并建议医生让丧失记忆的病人每周锻炼两次以保持大脑的敏锐。据此可知，AAN重视锻炼，故B项正确。]

【干扰项分析】　A项中的“Daily exercises”(每天锻炼)不符合文意；根据第一段的内容可知，作者并没有完全否定服用维生素，只是说有更好的方法来保持大脑的敏锐，故D项错误。

8．In which section of a newspaper may this text appear?

A．Exercise.　 B．Entertainment.

C．Science.　　　 D．Health.

D　[文章出处题。 通读全文可知，文章第一段第二句为全文的主旨句，并结合文章其他内容可知，本文主要介绍了一项新发现——每周进行两次锻炼会让大脑保持敏锐，能够改善老年人的认知障碍；据此可推知，本文的主题为健康，故D项正确。]

Ⅱ.阅读七选五

(2020·贵阳市适应性考试一)During the outbreak of COVID­19，the World Health Organization (WHO) has offered basic protective measures to the public against the virus.

Wash hands frequently with soap and water or use an alcohol­based water­free hand sanitizing gel if your hands are not visibly dirty.  1 

  2  ．If you sneeze or cough into your hands，you may contaminate (污染) objects or people that you touch.Throw the tissue immediately into a closed bin and clean hands with alcohol­based water­free hand sanitizing gel or soap and water.

Keep at least one­meter distance between yourself and other people，particularly those who are coughing，sneezing and have a fever，because coughs or sneezes of people who are infected with a respiratory (呼吸的) disease project (喷射)small drops containing the virus.  3  ．

Avoid touching your eyes，nose and mouth because hands touch many surfaces，which can be contaminated with the virus.If you touch your eyes，nose or mouth with your contaminated hands，you can transfer the virus from the surface to yourself.

Tell your health care provider if you have been to an area where the epidemic has been reported，or if you have been in close contact with someone who has respiratory symptoms.

Practice general hygiene measures when visiting live animal markets，wet markets or animal product markets.  4  ．Avoid contact with potentially contaminated animal waste or fluids on the soil or structures of shops and market facilities.

  5  ．Handle raw meat，milk，or animal organs carefully to avoid cross­contamination with uncooked food.

A．Avoid eating animal products

B．If you are too close，you can breathe in the virus

C．This helps know the virus if it's on your hands

D．Avoid eating raw or undercooked animal products

E．This helps remove the virus if it's on your hands

F．Strictly avoid any contact with other animals in the market

G．Cover your mouth and nose with a tissue when coughing and sneezing

【语篇解读】　本文主要介绍了世界卫生组织给公众提供的预防新冠肺炎的基本措施。

1．E　[本空是一个段尾句。本段主要讲了要勤洗手，又结合语境可知，本空讲的应是勤洗手的好处，故E项符合语境。]

2．G　[根据文章结构和空处所处位置可知，本空是中心句。本段主要讲了咳嗽和打喷嚏时人们应该采取的措施，故G项符合语境，概括该段内容。]

3．B　[本空是一个段尾句。本段主要讲了与他人要保持的距离以及这样做的原因，故本空讲的应该是这样做的好处，或不这样做的话可能会存在的风险，所以B项符合语境。]

4．F　[分析本段内容可知，本段主要讲了人们去市场时应该采取的通用卫生措施；空后讲的是避免接触商店或市场里可能被污染的动物废物或液体，故F项符合语境。]

5．D　[本空是中心句。本段主要讲了人们应认真地处理生肉、奶或动物器官以避免生食导致的交叉污染，故D项与本段内容相符，所以选D项。]

Ⅲ.语法填空

(2020·深圳市普通高中统一测试)When you read a book，you've probably noticed that a brand new book has a rather special smell，1．________differs from that of an older book. Where does 2．________ come from? There are three sources—the paper，the ink and the glue.

The Chinese first produced paper，one of the greatest 3．________ (invent)in the world. It is made 4．________ wood. The wood must be processed with various chemicals 5．________(add) to change its structure，to remove acid and to whiten the paper. Then comes the ink—there are many kinds. Some fade with time，while others get 6．________(dark) than years ago. Finally，different glues are used to join the sheets together and attach the covers，whether hardcovers 7．________ paperbacks. Therefore，you can smell different chemicals 8．________(come)out of your new book.

Today，the forms of books 9．________(change) dramatically since the birth of e­books. They might be 10．________ (convenience)，but you can't give your copy to others as a present，and they don't smell as nice.

【语篇解读】　当你读一本书时，你会注意到新书会发出一种相当特别的气味，这种气味来源于纸张、墨水和粘书所使用的胶水。

1．which　[考查定语从句的关系词。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语，指代“a rather special smell”，故填which。]

2．it/that　[考查代词。根据语境可知，此处指代“a rather special smell”，故用代词it或that。]

3．inventions　[考查名词的单复数。根据该句中的“one of”可知，此处应用名词的复数形式，故填inventions。]

4．from　[考查介词。此处表示纸是用木材制成的，应用介词from。be made from意为“由……制成”，尤在原料已完全改变，无法辨认时；be made of意为“用……制成”，此时原料并未改变，仍可辨认。]

5．added　[考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，动词add和其逻辑主语chemicals构成动宾关系，应用其过去分词形式。]

6．darker　[考查形容词的比较级。根据空后的比较级标志词“than”和语境可知，此处应用比较级。]

7．or　[考查固定用法。此处表示不管是精装书还是平装书。whether...or...表示“不管……还是……”，故填or。]

8．coming　[考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，动词come和其逻辑主语chemicals构成主谓关系，故用其现在分词形式。]

9．have changed/have been changing　[考查时态。根据该句中的“since the birth of e­books”可知，此处可用现在完成时，表示过去发生的动作到现在已经结束；此处也可用现在完成进行时，表示一个动作从过去某时开始，延续到说话时刻，可能还要继续下去。]

10．convenient　[考查词性转换。“be＋形容词”构成系表结构，故填convenient。]