英语选择性必修 第二册Unit 1 Science and Scientists综合训练题

UNIT 1　Period One

基础练

Ⅰ．单词拼写　

1．Customs officials have made a series of __________(相互矛盾的) statements about the equipment.

2．However，when she hung up，she regretted the way she had__________(处理) the call.

3．She had no reason to __________(怀疑) that Sylvia had not told the truth.

4．The boy died of __________(数量多的) injuries, and everyone here felt sad for him.

5．We import __________ (生的；未加工的) materials and energy and export mainly industrial products.

6．The media put their every decision under the __________ (显微镜).

7．Many poor __________ (家庭) are experiencing real hardship.

8．Population growth is __________(减少) by 1．4% each year.

9．In remote regions, the air is ____________(纯的；干净的) and the crops are free of poisonous insecticides.

10．Official __________(数据) show real wages declining by 24%.

【答案】1．contradictory　2．handled　3．suspect　4．multiple　5．raw　

6．microscope　7．households　8．decreasing　9．pure　10．statistics　

Ⅱ．单句语法填空　

1．Cheer up! You needn’t feel ________(frustrate) at your failure in the exam.

2．Many people felt he would be hostile to the idea of foreign__________ (intervene).

3．These are just some ________(proof) that we could do for the program.

4．These events ________(severe) affect our environment as well as human health.

5．Carbon emissions from human activities are partly to blame________ our warming planet.

6．Officials say that few citizens are infected________the virus owing to effective prevention now.

【答案】1．frustrated　2．intervention　3．proofs　

4．severely　5．for　6．with　

提升练

阅读理解　

(2022·全国高考乙卷)Can a small group of drones(无人机) guarantee the safety and reliability of railways and，at the same time，help railway operators save billions of euros each year? That is the very likely future of applying today’s “eyes in the sky” technology to making sure that the millions of kilometres of rail tracks and infrastructure(基础设施)worldwide are safe for trains on a 24/7 basis.

Drones are already being used to examine high－tension electrical lines. They could do precisely the same thing to inspect railway lines and other vital aspects of rail infrastructure such as the correct position of railway tracks and switching points. The more regularly they can be inspected，the more railway safety，reliability and on－time performance will be improved. Costs would be cut and operations would be more efficient(高效) across the board.

That includes huge savings in maintenance costs and better protection of railway personnel safety. It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance，including sending maintenance staff，often at night，to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. That can be dangerous work that could be avoided with drones assisting the crews’ efforts.

By using the latest technologies，drones could also start providing higher－value services for railways，detecting faults in the rail or switches，before they can cause any safety problems. To perform these tasks，drones for rail don’t need to be flying overhead. Engineers are now working on a new concept: the rail drones of the future. They will be moving on the track ahead of the train，and programmed to run autonomously. Very small drones with advanced sensors and AI and travelling ahead of the train could guide it like a co－pilot. With their ability to see ahead，they could signal any problem，so that fast－moving trains would be able to react in time.

(　　)1．What makes the application of drones to rail lines possible?

A．The use of drones in checking on power lines.

B．Drones’ ability to work at high altitudes.

C．The reduction of cost in designing drones.

D．Drones’ reliable performance in remote areas.

(　　)2．What does the underlined word “maintenance” in Paragraph 3 refer to?

A．Personnel safety.  B．Assistance from drones.

C．Inspection and repair.  D．Construction of infrastructure.

(　　)3．What function is expected of the rail drones?

A．To provide early warning.

B．To make trains run automatically.

C．To earn profits for the crews.

D．To accelerate transportation.

(　　)4．Which is the most suitable title for the text?

A．What Faults Can Be Detected with Drones　

B．How Production of Drones Can Be Expanded　

C．What Difficulty Drone Development Will Face　

D．How Drones Will Change the Future of Railways　

【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。应用今天的“空中之眼”的技术，无人机能在保证铁路安全可靠的同时又能帮助铁路运营商每年节省数十亿欧元。

1．A　细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Drones are already being used to examine high－tension electrical lines. They could do precisely the same thing to inspect railway lines and other vital aspects of rail infrastructure such as the correct position of railway tracks and switching points. ”可知，使用无人机检查高压电力线路使无人机应用于铁路线路成为可能。故选A。

2．C　词义猜测题。根据后文“It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance，including sending maintenance staff，often at night，to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. ”可知，花在maintenance上的费用是用于“inspect and repair the rail infrastructure (检查和维修铁路基础设施)”，由此可知，“That includes huge savings in maintenance costs and better protection of railway personnel safety. ”是指大幅节省检修成本和更好地保护铁路人员安全，画线词和C项：Inspection and repair(检修)含义相近。故选C。

3．B　推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中的“Engineers are now working on a new concept：the rail drones of the future. They will be moving on the track ahead of the train，and programmed to run autonomously. ”可知，铁路无人机有望让火车自动运行。故选B。

4．D　标题推测题。文章主题段第一段以及后文第二段讲到了使用无人机检查电力线路使无人机应用于铁路线路成为可能；第三段讲到了使用无人机会大幅节省维护成本和更好地保护铁路人员安全；第四段讲到了通过使用最新的技术，无人机还可以开始为铁路提供更高的价值。由此可知，文章主要讲述了无人机将如何改变铁路的未来，所以D项“无人机将如何改变铁路的未来。”符合文章中心思想，适合作为本文的最佳标题。故选D。