高中人教版 (2019)Unit 1 Science and Scientists达标测试

这是一份高中人教版 (2019)Unit 1 Science and Scientists达标测试，共13页。

[基础测评]
Ⅰ. 单句语法填空。
1. The vaccine was used t prtect the whle ppulatin against infectin (infect).
2. Nt his teachers but the student himself is t blame (blame) fr his failure in the exam.
3. Plice statistics shw that vilent crime is n the decrease.
4. The infrmatin frm the rbts n Mars has given a scientific prf (prve) whether water exists there.
5. The by was curius abut hw the waste paper was transfrmed int mdel kites.
6. The fire had severely (severe) damaged the warehuse befre the firefighters arrived.
7. He was suspected f giving away gvernment secrets t the enemy.
8. All the drs are free f handles (handle) and can pen autmatically.
9. I helped him purely (pure) ut f friendship.
10. The frest fire is likely t lse (lse) cntrl if n effective measures can be taken.
11. They find they cannt subscribe t the values f the lder generatin.
12. The wrld’s ceans will be bluer and greener thanks t a warm climate, accrding t a new study.
13. It is the first time that he has transfrmed (transfrm) his attitude twards them.
14. Cnsequently (cnsequence), she succeeded in making a kind f candy nly using natural sweeteners, which can reduce ral bacteria.
15. Tm is s independent that he never asks his parents’ pinin unless he wants their supprt.
Ⅱ. 根据汉语句意完成英语句子。
1. 我们还没有决定去哪儿过暑假。
We haven’t decided where t g fr ur summer hliday.
2. 如果你继续吸烟, 你的身体健康有可能会受到损害。
Yu are likely t suffer frm bad health if yu keep smking.
3. 据我所知,是这位卡车司机应该为这次事故负责。
As far as I’m cncerned, it is the driver f the lrry wh shuld be t blame fr the accident.
4. 自改革开放政策实施以来,我们的家乡发生了巨大变化。
Our hmetwn has seen/witnessed great changes since the refrm and pening-up plicies started.
5. 那个女人是如此固执以至于我无法说服她改变主意。
That wman is s stubbrn that I can’t cnvince her f changing her mind.
6. 那个男孩从自行车上摔下来摔断了腿,这让他的父母非常难过。
The by fell ff the bicycle and had his leg brken, which made his parents very sad.
Ⅲ. 课文语法填空。
Chlera, as 1. type f deadly disease f its day,threatened rdinary peple. Jhn Snw was 2. (determine) t slve this prblem. He knew that nly if he fund its cause wuld it be cntrlled.
There were tw theries that 3. (pssible) explained hw peple gt infected. Jhn Snw 4. (subscribe) t the thery that chlera was caused by an infectin frm germs in fd r water.
In 1854, anther utbreak f chlera hit Lndn. Snw decided t have an 5. (investigate). He marked the places n a map, 6. gave him a valuable clue abut the cause f the disease. He fund many f the 7. (death) were near the water pump in Brad Street. Sme husehlds had n deaths because these peple drank free beer. It seemed that the water pump was 8. (blame). He made further research and cncluded that plluted water led 9. the disease. Finally “King Chlera” 10. (defeat).
1. 解析:考查冠词。此处指霍乱当时作为一种致命的疾病,威胁着普通人的生命。这里表示一种致命的疾病,应用不定冠词表示泛指, type以辅音音素开头。故填不定冠词a。
答案:a
2. 解析:考查形容词。be determined t d ... 下定决心做……。故填determined。
答案:determined
3. 解析:考查副词。设空处作状语,修饰动词explained,故填副词pssibly,意为“可能地”。
答案:pssibly
4. 解析:考查动词的时态。所述的事情发生在过去,此处应用一般过去时。故填subscribed。
答案:subscribed
5. 解析:考查名词。设空处作have的宾语,且由设空处前的不定冠词an可知,应用名词形式。故填investigatin。
答案:investigatin
6. 解析:考查定语从句的引导词。设空处前是一个完整的句子,且前面有逗号隔开,设空处所在的句子缺少主语,由此推断,设空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词为整个主句的内容,设空处在从句中作主语。故填which。
答案:which
7. 解析:考查名词复数。设空处前有many修饰,应用death的复数形式,且death为可数名词。故填deaths。
答案:deaths
8. 解析:考查固定搭配。be t blame负有责任。故填t blame。
答案:t blame
9. 解析:考查介词。lead t导致,为固定搭配。故填t。
答案:t
10. 解析:考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。叙述过去发生的事,用一般过去时;“霍乱王”与“打败”之间为被动关系,用被动语态;由主语为“King Chlera”可知,谓语动词用单数。故填was defeated。
答案:was defeated
[提升测评]
Ⅳ. 阅读理解。
Rbert Jarvik, brn n May 11, 1946 in Michigan and raised in Stamfrd, is a medical scientist and researcher, wh played an imprtant rle in the inventin f the artificial heart. He was interested in medicine frm a yung age. He watched his father perfrm peratins and gained a patent (专利权) fr a machine applied in the medical peratin befre he graduated frm high schl.
Jarvik attended Syracuse University and cnsidered a career in art. When his father develped heart disease suddenly, he decided then t wrk n a medical career. He applied t medical schls, but was nt admitted t any schls in the US. Befre lng, he was admitted t the medical schl in Italy and stayed there fr tw years. He returned t get a degree in medicine frm New Yrk University in 1971.
After wrking fr a perid f time, Jarvik gt a jb in the rgan transplant (器官移植) prgramme at the University f Utah in 1972. He wrked with the directr f the prgramme, Willem Klff, wh invented the kidney dialysis (肾透析) machine.
By the time Jarvik came t the University f Utah, the rgan prgramme had already develped the primary artificial heart. He imprved it by creating a diaphragm(横膈膜), which slved many issues with the heart. Eventually, he created the first artificial heart in 1981, the Jarvik-7, t be placed in a human patient, which was cnsidered ne f the mst imprtant inventins in human histry.
Barney Clark, a retired dentist suffering frm serius heart disease, received the Jarvik-7 transplant n December 2, 1982. He lived fr 112 days after the peratin, but the transplant was cnsidered a success. Thugh receiving criticism fr the risk referred t transplant an artificial heart, the Jarvik-7 still became very imprtant fr patients wh were waiting fr a heart. In 1987, Jarvik mved t New Yrk City and frmed Jarvik Research Inc. He began develping a new heart—the Jarvik 2000. This smaller machine fits inside a patient’s heart rather than replacing the entire rgan.
1. Hw des the authr develp the text?
A. By cmparing pinins frm different fields.
B. By fllwing the natural time rder.
C. By discussing research experiments.
D. By presenting sme research results.
解析:细节理解题。本文主要介绍了美国著名的医学科学家罗伯特·贾维克在发明人造心脏方面做出的巨大贡献。通读全文可知,作者依据时间先后顺序对罗伯特·贾维克进行了介绍。故选 B。
答案:B
2. What d yu knw abut Rbert Jarvik frm the text?
A. He was gd at bservatin and made an inventin when he was yung.
B. He was brn and raised in the same place where his parents wrked.
C. He began t help his father frm a yung age when he perfrmed peratins.
D. He was admitted t an American medical schl sn after he graduated frm cllege.
解析:推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句“He watched his father perfrm peratins and gained a patent fr a machine applied in the medical peratin befre he graduated frm high schl.”可知,罗伯特·贾维克看过他的爸爸做手术并在高中毕业前获得一项专利,由此可以推断,他善于观察并做出了发明。故选A。
答案:A
3. Which f the fllwing incidents made Rbert Jarvik determine his life-lng career?
A. His father develped heart disease suddenly.
B. He received a patent fr the medical peratin.
C. He tk part in the rgan prgramme at the University f Utah.
D. He was refused t be admitted t any medical schl in the US.
解析:细节理解题。根据第二段中的“When his father develped heart disease suddenly, he decided then t wrk n a medical career.”可知,他的父亲突然患了心脏病,让罗伯特·贾维克决定了他一生的事业。 故选A。
答案:A
4. What is the greatest achievement fr Rbert Jarvik as a medical scientist?
A. He created the first artificial heart in 1981.
B. He invented the kidney dialysis machine.
C. He did the first heart transplant peratin.
D. He created a diaphragm t fit inside a heart.
解析:细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句“Eventually, he created the first artificial heart in 1981, the Jarvik-7, t be placed in a human patient, which was cnsidered ne f the mst imprtant inventins in human histry.”可知,罗伯特·贾维克创造了人类历史上第一颗人造心脏,这是他作为医学科学家的一个最伟大的成就。故选 A。
答案:A
Ⅴ. 完形填空。
D yu think yu have what it takes t be a successful scientist? A successful scientist is generally a gd bserver. He makes full 1 f the facts he bserves. He desn’t accept ideas which are nt 2 n bvius facts, and therefre refuses t accept authrity as the nly reasn fr truth. He always checks ideas 3 and makes experiments t prve them.
The rise f mdern science may perhaps be cnsidered t 4 as far back as the time f Rger Bacn, the wnderful philspher f Oxfrd,wh lived between the years 1214 and 1292. He was prbably the first in the Middle Ages t 5 that we shuld learn science by bserving and 6 n the things arund us, and he himself 7 many
imprtant truths.
Galile (1564-1642), hwever, wh lived mre than 300 years later, was the 8 f several great men in Italy, France, Germany and England, wh began t shw hw many imprtant 9 culd be discvered by bservatin by degrees. Befre Galile, learned men believed that large bdies fell mre 10 twards the earth than small nes, because Aristtle said s. But Galile, ging t the 11 f the Leaning Twer f Pisa, let fall tw unequal metal balls and prved Aristtle was wrng. It is Galile’s spirit f ging direct t nature, and prving ur 12 and theries by experiment, that has 13 all the discveries f mdern science.
What 14 thse peple gd scientists? Frm the example f Galile, we knw clearly that 15 scientists are thse whse bservatins have prduced better results.

1. A. use B. sense
C. speed D. trust
解析:use使用;sense意识;speed速度;trust信任。根据语境可知,此处用make full use f充分利用,充分使用,为固定搭配。
答案:A
2. A. relied B. based
C. insisted D. centred
解析:rely依靠;base基于;insist坚持;centre集中。根据该空前的“He desn’t accept ideas”和后面的“n bvius facts”可知,此处用be based n,意为“以……为基础,基于……”,为固定搭配。
答案:B
3. A. casually B. carefully
C. quickly D. privately
解析:casually随便地;carefully仔细地;quickly迅速地;privately私下地。结合空前的“He always checks ideas”和空后的“and makes experiments t prve them”可知,此处表示仔细地印证想法。
答案:B
4. A. date B. keep
C. lk D. cme
解析:date back追溯到;keep back阻止;lk back回顾;cme back回来。根据下文的“the years 1214 and 1292”可知,现代科学的兴起可以追溯到很早的时期。
答案:A
5. A. cmmand B. suspect
C. suggest D. cnclude
解析:cmmand命令;suspect怀疑;suggest建议;cnclude推断。根据空后的内容可知,这里应是罗杰·培根提出的建议。
答案:C
6. A. hlding B. depending
C. fixing D. experimenting
解析:hld握住;depend依赖;fix修理;experiment实验。根据上文可知,此处表示通过观察我们周围的事物并做实验。
答案:D
7. A. brught B. discvered
C. handled D. annunced
解析:bring带来;discver发现;handle处理;annunce宣布。结合空后的“many imprtant truths”可知,他本人发现了很多重要的真理。
答案:B
8. A. greatest B. newest
C. yungest D. luckiest
解析:greatest最伟大的;newest最新的;yungest最年轻的;luckiest最幸运的。根据句意可知,此处是说伽利略是几个伟大的人物中最伟大的一个。
答案:A
9. A. truths B. prblems
C. investigatins D. subjects
解析:truth 事实;prblem 问题;investigatin 调查;subject 主题。根据上文中的“many imprtant truths”及空后的“culd be discvered by bservatin”可知,很多真理可以通过观察而被发现。
答案:A
10. A. slwly B. rapidly
C. lightly D. heavily
解析:slwly 缓慢地;rapidly 快速地;lightly 轻轻地;heavily 重重地。亚里士多德认为大的物体比小的物体下落速度更快。
答案:B
11. A. place B. ft
C. tp D. ceiling
解析:place 地方;ft 脚,底部; tp 顶部; ceiling 天花板。结合空后的“f the Leaning Twer f Pisa, let fall tw unequal metal balls”可知,伽利略登上了比萨斜塔的塔顶。
答案:C
12. A. plans B. pinins
C. wrld D. ability
解析:plan 计划;pinin 观点;wrld 世界;ability 能力。与空后的“and theries by experiment”中的theries呼应,此处表示通过实验证明我们的观点和看法。
答案:B
13. A. led t B. turned t
C. set up D. put frward
解析:lead t 导致;turn t 转向;set up 建立;put frward 提出。正是伽利略的这种直面自然的精神,并用实验证明观点和理论,使得现代科学能有所发现。
答案:A
14. A. makes B. prevents
C. cnsiders D. prmises
解析:make 使得;prevent 阻止;cnsider 考虑;prmise 许诺。结合下文中的“scientists are thse ...”可知,此处是说“是什么使这些人成为好的科学家”。
答案:A
15. A. reasnable B. successful
C. expert D. sensitive
解析:reasnable 合理的;successful 成功的;expert 熟练的;sensitive 敏感的。结合上文中所举的例子我们可以清楚地知道,成功的科学家是那些通过观察取得更好的成就的人。
答案:B