2022新高考衡水名师原创英语专题卷：专题03 阅读理解应用类、议论类专练

2022新高考衡水名师原创英语专题卷：

专题三《阅读理解应用类、议论类专练》

（90分钟，90分）

考点01：冠词   3颗星

考点02：代词 3颗星

考点03：介词和介词短语 2颗星

考点04: 名词 3颗星

考点05：主谓一致 5颗星

考点06：形容词和副词   5颗星

考点08：非谓语动词  5颗星

考点09：动词的时态和语态 5颗星

考点10：定语从句   3颗星

考点11  名词性从句   3颗星

考点12  并列连词    4颗星

考点18  阅读理解应用文   5颗星

考点19  阅读理解议论文   5颗星

第I卷（选择题）（每题2分，共30分）

A

    Food poems, like love poems, have the potential to be vague and sad. The New York Times' description of a book of food poetry refers to Winston Churchill's supposed declaration, "Take away this pudding. It has no theme." This, of course, is a sad comment on food. Yes, eating can be mere gluttony(暴饮暴食) at times—we've all had late-night chocolate or thoroughly enjoyed McDonald's breakfast hash browns (土豆煎饼).In fact, writers like Daniel Orozco paint poetic pictures of these sorts of food— the thrill and shame of junk food.

    Food poetry can be unbelievably described, inspiring feelings of pleasure and homesickness in the same way as eating does. It can also be straightforward or playful—just like food itself. Shell Silverstein's Italian Food starts off with "Oh, how I love Italian food/I eat it all the time/not just cause how good it tastes/But cause how good it rhymes," and continues in rhyming couplets (对句)for the remainder of the poem.

    Other food poems—certainly the best ones— have layers of complexity that are slowly revealed, like eating a perfectly assembled sandwich or drinking skillfully mixed drink. Henrick Ibsen's Tea—A Comparison From Love 's Comedy begins with a pleasant garden gathering but quickly delves into (探究)the scenery and politics of Eastern nations, from which the tea was imported.

    Still other food poems are simple collections of the poet's most beloved meal, like Carlos Williams' loyalty to caviar (鱼子酱), For Viola: De Gustibus. He writes, Beloved you are/ Caviar of Caviar/Of all I love you best /O my Japanese bird nest." Similarly, Jonathan Swift declares his love for mutton in the emotional cooking poem : How I Shall Dine.

    Kevin Young, the editor of The Hungry Ear, a collection of food poetry published last year, explains poets’ love for food: "One of the things I think poets enjoy about a great meal is that it goes away... that you make a terrific meal for friends and family, and if you succeed, it's gone."

(1).What can be inferred from the first paragraph?

A.Winston Churchill doesn't like puddings. B.Food poems and love poems are the same.

C.Eating is a bad subject in terms of poetry. D.Many people like junk food despite its harm.

(2).Why does the author refer to Shell Silverstein's poem?

A.To suggest that Shell Silverstein is the best poet.

B.To prove that food poems have some complexity.

C.To show that food poetry can be straightforward or playful.

D.To show how Shell Silverstein likes Italian food.

(3).Henrick Ibsen's poem in the third paragraph is one that __________.

A.slowly reveals some complexity B.introduces where tea was imported

C.was referred to as the best food poem D.talks about a pleasant garden gathering

(4).Who writes about his favorite food?

A.Henrick Ibsen. B.Carlos Williams. C.Kevin Young. D.Shell Silverstein.

B

Food experts say washing could spread the germs on your turkey in the kitchen sink or nearby food. But it’s been a challenge trying to convince cooks to stop rinsing(冲洗) off raw poultry. Germs that can make people sick are common in the guts of healthy poultry and are legally allowed to be on raw turkey and chicken. The assumption is that nobody eats their poultry raw, and that thorough cooking will kill the bacteria.

The do-not-wash raw poultry advice from the USDA is relatively new and perhaps hasn’t caught on because it goes against the common belief that washing makes things clean, said Chapman. Benjamin Chapman, a study author and food safety expert at North Carolina State University, said the instinct to wash raw poultry goes back at least decades when people relied more on visual clues to spot problems with poultry. Meanwhile, washing hands and surfaces are also important.

But food preparation is a complicated act, and germs from poultry can be spread even if it’s not washed, especially when birds are removed from packaging.

The USDA-funded study stresses that point. Researchers sprayed raw chicken with a harmless strain of E. coli(大肠杆菌) and watched volunteer cooks at test kitchens. Among those who washed their raw chicken, about a quarter ended up spreading the bacteria to their lettuce. But even some of those who did not rinse the chicken got germs on the lettuce. And there are other opportunities for germs to survive on turkeys: melting and cooking.

To ensure a bird is thoroughly cooked, they say to use a thermometer to check that the deepest and thickest parts of it have reached 165 degrees. Even after the meal is cooked, you aren’t out of the danger zone. To keep turkeys and other leftovers safe, experts say they should be refrigerated after two hours.

1.People don’t accept USDA’s advice because _______.

A.the advice is relatively new B.cleaning seems more trustworthy 

C.cooks clean the turkey before cooking it D.heat can kill most germs and no one eats raw food

2.What can be concluded from Paragraph 4?

A.Food packages carry germs.

B.Hands and surfaces are easy to get E. coli.

C.Germs from a turkey can be spread whether it is washed or not.

D.Multiple methods should be applied to food to get rid of germs.

3.Which way may help to cook a turkey safely?

A.Rinse off the turkey before it is heated.

B.Keep the turkey away from the lettuce and refrigerator.

C.Wash hands and packages before taking out the turkey.

D.Use a thermometer to check the temperature of the turkey.

4.From which section of a magazine is the text probably taken?

A.Culture. B.Science. C.Education. D.Medicine.

C．

It is no secret that physical activity is necessary to a person’s well-being. Because children are continuously developing physically and emotionally, they are especially affected by the benefits of activity. Former First Lady Michelle Obama’s Let’s Move initiative reports that nearly one-third of US children are overweight or obese, and that “schools are a key setting for kids to get their 60 minutes of play with moderate activity, given the significant portion(部分) of time they spend there.”

Physical education programs in schools directly benefit students’ physical health. Regular exercise promotes muscles and bone development. In addition to participating in physical activity, students in P.E. learn the fundamentals of a healthful lifestyle, the building blocks upon which they can develop into healthy, knowledgeable adults.

Though the lack of attention on P.E. is often justified as an opportunity to spend more time in the classroom, studies show that physical activity contributes to improved academic performance. Regular activity during the school day is strongly associated with higher concentration levels. A statewide policy in North Carolina requires that children from kindergarten to eighth grade participate in 30 minutes of physical activity each day.

Activities in P.E. help children develop healthful social interactions. From a young age, children learn cooperation through group activities and form a positive sense of identity as part of a team. Such group activities are continually important as children grow older. The International Platform on Sport and Development states that sport has been used as a practical tool to engage young people in their communities through volunteering, resulting in higher levels of leadership and community engagement among young people.

The benefits of P.E. to a child’s mental health are both complex and comprehensive. Improved physical health, academics and social interactions all contribute to good mental health. Physical activity sets the stage for a good night’s sleep, provides more energy to participate in hobbies and interact with others.

1.The first paragraph implies that________.

A.children are becoming much lazier nowadays

B.some schools have forbidden physical activity

C.most parents are dissatisfied with school education

D.schools must pay more attention to physical education

2.Physical education is ignored in a way because_______.

A.children dislike taking physical activity

B.schools are worried about children’s safety

C.students should have more time for study

D.less sporting equipment is available to school children

3.What is the author’s possible attitude towards the policy in North Carolina?

A.Skeptical. B.Favorable. C.Ambiguous. D.Objective.

4.Which is NOT a benefit of P. E. classes?

A.They assure you of a successful future. B.They keep your mind in a good state.

C.They help you focus on your studies. D.They do good to your social skills.

D．

    The Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region is an important ecological screen for the north of China and even the whole country. Building a green great wall to ensure China's ecological security is one of the most important things of the Autonomous Region.

    The largest ecological function zone in the north of China, Inner Mongolia has a variety of landscapes, including forests, grasslands, wetlands, rivers and lakes. In recent years, the region's environment has improved, with its forest and grassland areas having increased and desert reduced.

    However, it still faces a number of challenges in ecological preservation. For instance, the region faces severe water shortages with the number of lakes dropping from 427 in 1987 to 145 in 2010. In addition to a lack of rainfall, huge water consumption in agricultural and industrial production has worsened the water shortage. Too much use of fertilizers has damaged the soil and affected the growth of grass, accelerating the expansion of the desert.

    The local government encourages planting trees on grasslands as they can get more pay by growing trees than grass. However, the trees they plant often have a low survival rate as they have a high water consumption rate. Also, to treat wetlands, some areas have planted a large number of a single tree species. This practice may damage biodiversity(生物多样性)and endanger the survival of certain animals.

    Experts suggest taking the region's water resources and weather conditions into consideration in future ecological projects.

(1).What do we know about the green great wall in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region?

A.It adds the beautiful scenery to this area.

B.It acts as a guard to protect the north of China.

C.It works well in saving the endangered animals.

D.It contributes to the decrease of grasslands.

(2).What does the third paragraph mainly talk about?

A.The causes of water shortages. B.The protection of ecological environment.

C.The solutions to water shortages. D.The importance of ecological environment.

(3).What does the underlined word “accelerating” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?

A.Weakening. B.Shortening. C.Lessening. D.Quickening.

第II卷（非选择题）（每题1.5分，共60分）

一、阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容或括号内单词的正确形式。

When I was young, my parents and I ①__________(move) to New York from China. Although we now live in the US, we follow the customs and ②__________(tradition) of China. I have learned to speak several languages, English ③__________(include). I eat all kinds of foods and celebrate different holidays ④__________have something to do with culture.

However, there ⑤__________(be) many disadvantages of being part of two cultures. Sometimes, speaking a language at home ⑥__________speaking another language in school can get confusing. Sometimes, I have trouble ⑦__________(express) my thoughts in English because they don’t understand me well. Sometimes, my culture does make me feel far away from others because I feel too ⑧__________(difference).

I am closer to the culture of China than that of the US. I don’t listen to English music as ⑨__________(frequent) as I listen to Chinese music. Therefore, I feel very far away ⑩__________my friends when I don’t know what song they are talking about.

二、阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

In his book, Intentional Living, author John Maxwell shares that back in 1976, he received a gift from one of his   1   (assist). As he unwrapped the gift, he saw that it was a book   2   (name) The Greatest Story Ever Told. He couldn’t wait   3   (read) it.

But when he opened the book, he was   4   (astonish) to see that the pages were blank. Inside the book was   5   note that said, “John, your life is before you. Fill these pages with kind acts and good thoughts of your heart. Write a great story about your life.” The intention of writing the story of his life excited him. Then, he   6   (begin) to write his book.

Every day we live out our story through our words, actions and decisions. But we must remember to live with intention to focus on what   7   (matter) most in life and to regain that focus when we get changed. Without intention, we can become unfocused in things   8   needn’t add to a life of significance and difference in our world.

Life isn’t perfect and it’s always hard,   9   we need reminders in our life from a friend, author, blogger, pastor or our inner spirit to re-focus us on the things that matter and make us live   10   (positive).

三、阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。

China has named 24,126 primary and middle schools across the country specialist football schools ①________(lead) youth football development, according to the Ministry of Education (MOE). It's required that at least one football class ②________(offer) each week in these schools so that they can encourage their students to ​③________(active) participate in football training and matches.

China aims to have 50,000 schools specializing in youth football by the end of 2025, said Wang Dengfeng, an official with the MOE, ④________(add) that to realize this goal, the ministry will take various measures that include building school football fields, training football coaches and providing extra funding and policy support. ⑤________those measures in schools, 47 football training camps have also been built in ⑥________effort to promote the sport among young people. And outstanding or ⑦________(gift) players will also have the chance to join inter-school teams for regional ⑧________(compete) and even national summer camps.

In the past four years, local education departments have trained about 40,000 football teachers, 8,000 of ⑨________have obtained coaching certificates. Moreover, the country ⑩________(step) up its efforts in promoting football in schools since it set up a seven-department joint task force, including the education, sport and finance authorities as well as the Chinese Football Association .

四、阅读下面短文，在空白处填人1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

A recent study found that people who live in colder climates consume ①_______(much)alcohol than people who live in warm weather.

“Alcohol is something that everyone thought harmful for ②_______ (decade), but no one has scientifically demonstrated it,” a professor wrote in a press release.

Why do people in Russia drink so much? Everybody ③_______ (assume) that' s because the weather is cold. But we couldn't find a single paper ④_______ ( link) climate to alcohol intake. Since alcohol could increase warm blood flow in the skin, last month, the researchers in a study ⑤_______ (suggest) that people should reach for booze(豪饮) when it's cold outside. The researchers combed through data to compare climate factors and alcohol consumption per capita(每人的). ⑥_______study also found that as temperatures and sunlight hours decrease, alcohol consumption goes up. Shorter hours of sunlight and cooler temperatures also relate  ⑦_______higher rates of depression,⑧_______ is linked to an increase in drinking.

The professor hopes this data will help influence health policies on alcohol abuse. “Knowing that colder places have more drink related problems could be ⑨_______ (help)to the efforts in these areas ⑩_______ (determine) better policies," he said.

答案以及解析

A  答案：(1)-(4)DCAB
解析：(1).推理判断题。根据第一段最后两句可推知,虽然垃圾食品对健康有害,但是很多人喜欢垃圾食品。
(2).推理判断题。根据第二段中举的诗歌例子可知,作者举这个例子是为了说明关于食物的诗歌可以是简单易懂的、带点开玩笑性质的。
(3).推理判断题。根据第三段第一句可知,本段介绍的是慢慢表现出复杂性的诗歌。下面举了Henrick Ibsen的诗歌的例子,可见他的诗歌具有这一特点。
(4).细节理解题。根据第四段第一句可知,Carlos Williams 的诗歌涉及他最喜欢的食物。

B   答案：1.B; 2.C; 3.D; 4.B
解析：1.细节理解题.根据第二段中的"The do一not 一wash raw poultry advice from the USDA is relatively new and perhaps hasn't caught on because it goes against the common belief that washing makes things clean, said Chapman."可知,查普曼说,美国农业部提出的"不清洗生禽"的建议相对较新,但可能还没有流行起来,因为这违背了人们普遍认为的"清洗可以使东西干净"的观念,由此可知,人们不接受美国农业部的建议是因为清洗似乎更值得信赖,故B项正确.
2.推理判断题.根据第四段中的‘Among those who washed their raw chicken, about a quarter ended up spreading the bacteria to their lettuce. But even some of those who did not rinse the chicken got germs on the lettuce. And there are other opportunities for germs to survive on turkeys: melting and cooking."可知,在那些清洗生鸡肉的人中,约四分之-的人最终将细菌传播到生菜上,但即使是一些没有清洗鸡肉的人,生菜上也有细菌,火鸡身上的细菌还有其他生存的机会:融化和烹饪,由此可知,不管火鸡是否被清洗,它身上的细菌都会传播,故C项正确.
3.细节理解题.根据最后一段中的"To ensure a bird is thoroughly cooked, they say to use a thermometer to check that the deepest and thickest parts of it have reached 165 degrees."可知,为了确保一只家禽被彻底煮熟,他们说要用温度计检查它最深和最厚的部分是否达到165度,由此可知,用温度计检查火鸡的温度有助于安全地烹饪火鸡,故D项正确.
4.推理判断题.通读全文可知,本文主要介绍了食品专家说清洗可能会在厨房水槽或附近的食物中传播火鸡身上的细菌 ,但美国农业部的研究强调无论是否被清洗,火鸡身上的细菌都会传播,同时指出用温度计检查火鸡的温度有助于安全地烹饪火鸡,这属于科学范畴,因此这篇文章最有可能出自于杂志的科学版块,故B项正确.

C   答案：1.D; 2.C; 3.B; 4.A
解析：1.推理判断题.根据第一段第一句"schools are a key setting for kids to get their 60 minutes of play with moderate activity, given the significant portion(部分) of time they spend there."(学校是孩子们进行60分钟适度活动的关键场所,因为他们在学校的时间占了相当大的一部分.可知,第一段暗示学校必须更加重视体育教育.故选D项.
2.细节理解题.根据第段第一句Though the lack of attention on P.E. is often justifed as an opportunity to spend more time in the classroom, studies show that physical activity contributes to improved academic performance.(虽然缺乏对体育的关注通常被认为是在课堂上花更多时间的机会,但研究表明,体育活动有助于提高学习成绩.)可知,体育在某种程度上被忽视了,是因为学生应有更多的时间学习.故选C.
3.推理判断题.根据第三段最后一句A statewide policy in North Carolina requires that children from kindergarten to eighth grade participate in 30 minutes of physical activity each day.可知,北卡罗来纳州的一项全州性政策要求从幼儿园到八年级的孩子每天参加30分钟的体育活动.再根据最后一段Activities in P.E. help children develop healthful social interactions. Improved physical health, academics and social interactions all contribute to good mental health. Physical education programs in schools directly benefit students' physical health. Regular exercise promotes muscles and bone development.可知,体育活动对孩子们有多方面的益处,所以作者对北卡罗莱纳州的政策可能持赞成的态度.故选B.
4.细节理解题.根据第E段中studies show that physical activity contributes to improved academic performance. 第四段第一句Activities in P.E. help children develop healthful social interactions.和最后一段第二句Improved physical health,  academics and social interactions all contribute to good mental health.可知,体育活动有助于提高学习成绩,有助于儿童发展健康的社会交往,有助于良好的心理健康,只有A项"保证你有一个成功的未来'不是体育课的益处.故选A.

D   答案：(1)-(3)BAD
解析：(1).推理判断题。根据第一段 The Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region... ensure China' s ecological security...most things of the Autonomous Region内容可知,内蒙古自治区的绿色长城对于中国北方的生态安全至关重要。故选B。
(2).主旨大意题。根据第三段内容尤其是最后两句I addition to a lack of rainfall, huge water consumption in agricultural and industrial production has worsened the water shortage… the expansion of the desert.可知,第三段主要叙述面对的在生态保护方面的挑战就是水资源短缺问题以及造成这种情况的原因。故选A。
(3).词义猜测题。根据第三段画线词所在的句子Too much use of fertilizers has damaged the soil and affected the growth of grass, accelerating the expansion of the desert.可知,过多使用化肥破坏了土壤,影响了草的生长,加速了沙漠的扩张。显然画线词意为“加快,加速”。故选D。

一、答案：
1. moved
2. traditions
3. included
4. which/that
5. are
6. and
7. (in)expressing
8. different
9. frequently
10. from
解析：1.moved 考查动词时态.根据前面的状语从句可知是在说过去的事情,因此谓语动词用一般过去时态.

2.traditions 考查名词复数.tradition意为"传统风俗(信仰)",是可数名词,表示不止一种传统,要用复数形式.

3.included 考查过去分词.English与include之间是动宾关系,用过去分词作后置定语.

4.which考查定语从句.分析句子结构可知这是一个非限制性定语从句,先行词holidays指事情,在从句中作主语,用关系代词which.

5.are 考查主谓一致.在there be结构中,be动词用主语一致,主语many disadvantages是复数,谓语动词be也应是复数形式are.

6.and 考查连词.and连接两个动名词短语speaking a language at home和speaking another language作主语.

7.(in)expressing 考查动名词. have trouble ( in) doing sth."做某事有困难",后接动名词形式.

8.different 考查形容词.feel是连系动词,后接形容词用表语.名词difference的形容词是different.

9.frequently 考查副词.listen to是动词,要用副词修饰,形容词frequent的副词是frequently.

10.from 考查固定搭配.far away from意为"远离",是固定搭配.

二、答案：

1. assistants2. named3. to read4. astonished5. a6. began7. matters8. that/ which9. so10. positively

解析：

1.考查名词。作介词from的宾语,要用名词形式。根据句意可知,他从助手那里得到一个礼物,故填 assistants。

2.考查非谓语动词。书名为 The greatest Story Ever Told, name和book之间有被动关系,故用过去分词形式作book的后置定语。

3.考查非谓语动词。to read作wait的宾语,can’t wait to do sth意为“迫不及待地做某事”。

4.考查形容词。句子的主语是人,所以用 astonished表示“感到惊讶的”

5.考查冠词。根据句意可知,书中有一张纸条。

6.考查时态。文章讲的是过去发生的事情,所以用一般过去时。

7.考查主谓一致。句子的主语是表示单数概念的what,所以谓语动词也用单数。

8.考查定语从句。定语从句的现行词是things,在定语从句中作主语,用that或 which引导。

9.考查连词。根据前后文的语义可知,生活不完美,也不容易,因此我们需要提醒自己的事物来保持专注。

10.考查副词。修饰动词live要用副词形式。

三、答案：
1. to lead
2. (should)be offered
3. actively
4. adding
5. Besides
6. an
7. gifted
8. competitions
9. whom
10. has set
解析：本文是一篇新闻报道,主题语境是"人与社会"。中国教育部支持建立中小学足球特色学校以引领中国青少年足球运动的发展。

1. to lead考查非谓语动词。中国在全国范围内认定了24 126所中小学足球特色学校,旨在引领青少年足球运动发展。故用动词不定式作目的状语。

2. (should) be offered考查虚拟语气。根据require"要求"可知,此处that从句用虚拟语气,从句谓语用"should + do", should可以省略;根据语境可知,football class与offer之间是被动关系,应用被动语态。故填 (should) be offered。

3. actively考查副词。修饰动词participate,应用副词actively。

4. adding考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,空处作伴随状语,表示"补充说”,故填adding。

5. Besides考查介词。除了上面说的那些校内措施外,国家还建了47个足球训练营。故用介词Besides表示"除了……外(还)。

6 .an考查冠词。in an effort to"试图要……"为固定用法。

7. gifted考查形容词。空处修饰名词players,故用形容词。gifted“有天赋的,天资聪慧的"。

8. competitions考查名词。根据空前的regional和空后and后的名词短语可知,此处也要填名词与and后的名词短语并列,competition作 "比赛"讲时为可数名词,因空前无冠词修饰,故应用名词的复数形式。

9. whom考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,"8,000 of ⑨_______ "引导非限制性定语从句,修饰表示人的先行词” about 40,000 football teachers",故只能填whom。

10. has stepped考查时态。该句中since引导的时间状语从句用了一般过去时,根据语境可知,主句要用现在完成时表示动作从过去开始, 延续到现在并有可能继续下去。此处step是动词,step sth. up表示 "增加,提高"。

四、答案：1.more 2.decades 3.assumes 4.linking 5.suggested 6.The 7.to/with 8.which 9.helpful 10.to determine             

解析：1.more【解析】考查形容词比较级。根据下文中的than可知,此句是一个比较状语从句,故用many的比较

2. decades【解析】考查名词单复数。 decade是可数名词。 for decades意为“几十年来”。

3. assumes【解析】考查主谓一致。根据上下文语境可知此处需填第三人称单数形式,即assumes.

4. linking【解析】考查非谓语动词,“ linking climate to alcohol intake”在此处作" a single paper”的后置定语

5. suggested【解析】考查动词时态。根据上文中的时间状语" Last month'"可知此处应该用一般过去时

6.The【解析】考查冠词。根据上文中的“ in a study”可知,此处用定冠词the特指再次出现的 study最为

7.to/with【解析】考查介词。 relate with/to...意为“与……有关”

8. which【解析】考查定语从句, which在此处引导非限制性定语从句。先行词是" depression’

9. helpful【解析】考查词性转换。 be helpful to.意为“对……有帮助”

10. to determine【解析】考查非谓语动词。不定式短语“ to determine better policies”在此处作目的状语