2023年高考英语二轮复习教案 语法填空 04--非谓语动词 Word版含解析

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【高频考点解密】2023年高考英语二轮复习讲义语法填空      解密04 非谓语动词的复习要点【构建知识体系】语法填空有提示词1.动词：时态；语态；非谓语动词形式；词形转换2.形容词：形容词和副词相互转换；比较级；最高级；反义词；词形转换3.名词：名词单复数变化及词形转换4.代词：人称代词的主格和宾格；形容词性物主代词；名词性物主代词；反身代词5.数词：基数词；序数词；加后缀-teen或-ty等无提示词1.连词（1）并列连词but，and，or等（2）从属连词what，that，when等2.副词：however，therefore，so……3.代词：it4.冠词：an，a，the5.介词及固定短语6.情态动词（考查的几率较低）【英语学科素养解读】             新课标要求命题解读2020高考评价体系的说明《普通高中英语课程标准》明确指出：高英语语法知识包括词法知识和句法知识：词法关注词的形态变化，如名词的数、格，动词的时、态（体）等；句法关注句子结构，如句子的成分、语序、种类等。词法和句法之间的关系非常紧密。在语言使用中，语法知识是“形式——意义——使用”的统一体，与语音、词汇、语篇和语用知识紧密相连，直接影响语言理解和表达的准确性和得体性。高中阶段英语语法知识的学习应在更加丰富的语境中通过各种英语学习和实践活动进一步巩固和恰当运用所学的语法知识，学会在语境中理解和运用新的语法知识，进一步发展英语语法意识。语篇型语法填空则更侧重考查考生语法和词汇在语境中的运用，强调词汇的变形。同时强调语篇分析能力，凸显交际性和语境化特征。《中国高考评价体系2020》考查必备知识：词法和句法知识；关键能力：在具体语境中，运用语法的能力，阅读理解能力。 【解密新高考真题】——预测高考命题方向非谓语动词高考解密2023年命题解读和近三年考点分布           考点题型分词不定式动名词 语法填空222022·新高考I卷Covering2022·新高考全国Ⅱ卷falling2022·全国甲卷held；planning2022·全国乙卷inviting2022·新高考I卷to increase2022·新高考全国Ⅱ卷to see2022·全国甲卷to journey2022·全国乙卷to strengthen无212021年新高考全国Ⅱ卷thinking；2021年1月浙江高考studied；living2021·英语全国甲卷to walk；2021·全国高考乙卷to have；2021·浙江卷6月to plant；2021年新高考全国Ⅱ卷to educate 2021·英语全国甲卷spending；2021·全国高考乙卷visiting20全国II coming 全国III surrounding全国II decorated全国Ⅰ to find  全国II to care  全国III to find无【发现规律】由上表可知，非谓语动词在高考中的考查重点是分词和不定式。1.（2022·新高考I卷）__________ (cover)an area about three times the size of Yellowstone National Park, the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country. 2.（2022·新高考I卷）The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that were previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority ___________ (increase)effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management. 3.【2022·新高考全国Ⅱ卷】Henry Tyler made the catch of the year on the weekend. When he saw a young child hanging from a sixth-floor apartment balcony (阳台), Henry ran one hundred metres, jumped over a 1.2-metre fence, and held out his arms to catch the ______ (fall) child. 4.【2022·新高考全国Ⅱ卷】Eric woke up a little later when he heard children playing outside. He pushed a chair onto the balcony, and climbed up ______ (see) them. 5.（2022·全国甲卷）A visually-challenged man from Beijing recently hiked (徒步) 40 days to Xi’an, as a first step ___________ (journey) the Belt and Road route (路线) by foot. 6.（2022·全国甲卷）Inspired by the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation ___________ (hold) in Beijing, Cao decided to cover the route by hiking as a tribute (致敬) to the ancient Silk Road. 7.（2022·全国甲卷）He flew 4, 700 kilometers from Xi’an to Kashgar on Sept. 20, __________ (plan) to hike back to Xi’an in five months. 8.（2022·全国乙卷）__________ (strengthen)the connection with young people, the event included a number of public promotional activities on social media, __________ (invite) twenty-nine tea professionals from around the world to have thirty-six hours of uninterrupted live broadcasts. 9.【2021年新高考全国Ⅱ卷】I was upset to learn that many sea animals eat plastic garbage, __________ (think)it is food.10.（2021年1月浙江高考）In 1985，urban men and women in more than three quarters of the countries _________ (study) had higher BMIs than men and women in rural areas.11.（2021年1月浙江高考）This may be due to some disadvantages for people _______(live) in the countryside, including lower levels of income and education, higher costs of healthy foods, and fewer sports facilities.12.【2021·英语全国甲卷】 It is possible _______ (walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometers.13.【2021·全国高考乙卷】Activities there range from whale watching to hiking(远足)and accommodations aim _______(have) a low impact on the natural environment.14.【2021·浙江卷6月】A long- time neighbor said they never planted trees and only kept a garden for one year. Mary's sister, Frances Todd Wallace, often came over _________ （plant）flowers in the front yard. 15.【2021年新高考全国Ⅱ卷】I decided to do something ________ (educate) people about this problem. I held presentations at schools to teach kids about plastic waste. I wanted to reach businesses too.16.【2021·英语全国甲卷】After _______ (spend) some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we decided it was time for some action and what better than to ride on a piece of history!17.【2021·全国高考乙卷】·Minimize the impact of ______(visit)the place. 18.（2020·新课标I卷）Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Chang’e-4 _____ (find) and study areas of the South Pole-Aitken basin.19. （2020·新课标II卷）They are easy _______ (care) for and make great presents.20. （2020·新课标III卷）The next morning he hired a boat and set out ______ (find) the well-known painter.21. (2020·浙江卷) Agriculture gave people their first experience of the power of technology ______(change)lives.22.（2020·新课标II卷）They represent the earth  __________  (come) back to life and best wishes for new beginnings.23. （2020·新课标II卷语法填空）They make great gifs and you see them many times ________ (decorate) with red envelopes and messages of good fortune.24. （2020·新课标III卷）And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds________ (surround) the mountain tops, he was reduced to tears.25.(2020·山东新高考) As well as looking at exhibits, visitors can play with computer simulations (模拟) and imagine themselves  living at a different time in history or _____(walk)through a rainforest. 【高考预测】纵观近几年全国高考试题，预测2023年全国新高考试题还会①文体以说明文、记叙文为主。②上下文语境提示3-4个，单词基本形式提示6-7个。③侧重对词汇变形的考查。【解密考场】——课堂讲解突破关键能力　  非谓语动词【做题实践中找规律】1.【2023·重庆市强基联合体检测】In June, the world’s biggest trial of a four-day work week kicked off in the UK. More than 3,300 workers, based throughout the UK and ______(represent) more than 30 sectors of the UK economy, began receiving 100% of the pay for 80% of the time. 2.【2023·重庆市强基联合体检测】The campaign is aimed at enhancing employees’ willingness ______(adjust) the work-life balance and stimulating higher work efficiency.3.【2023·湘豫名校联考（二）】The extinction of the Chinese Paddlefish (白鲟) and wild Yangtze Sturgeon (鲟鱼), ________ (declare) by the International Union for Conservation of Nature(IUCN), started a wave of comments on China’s social media platforms recently urging more environmental protection.4.【2023·辽宁省葫芦岛市四校联考】The Porcelain Capital, Jingdezhen in Jiangxi Province, which has been praised for thousands of years, will be certain ________ (satisfy) your appetite for beauty.5.【2023·河北省部分学校联考】Shenzhen, a city that pioneered reform and opening-up in China, will allow fully autonomous vehicles ________ (run) on certain roads.规律方法：规律方法：如何判断空格处应填非谓语动词？(1) 正确判断非谓语动词。句子按照结构可分为三类，即简单句、并列句和复合句。并列句和复合句都需要连词来引导，如果句子中出现了连词，应选谓语动词形式；如果两个结构中未出现连词，则考虑用非谓语动词。(2) 正确判断非谓语动词和逻辑主语之间的关系。确定要选非谓语动词之后，第二步要分析其逻辑主语。非谓语动词虽不能作谓语，但仍具有动词特点，其逻辑上的动作执行者就叫作逻辑主语。判断非谓语动词与逻辑主语的关系是主动还是被动。非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语须和句子的真正主语一致，找不到其逻辑主语时，整个句子或句子的主语就是非谓语动词的逻辑主语。正确判断非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间的关系是正确选择非谓语动词形式的保证，不管是作什么成分的非谓语动词都具有以下特点： ①如果非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间是主谓关系，可用现在分词； ②如果非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间是动宾关系，可用过去分词。(3)正确判断非谓语动词和谓语动词发生的时间先后顺序非谓语动词具备动词的一些特点，也可以有动作发生的时间。对于谓语动词，我们用时态来表示动词发生的时间；对于非谓语动词不能用时态来表示动作发生的时间。非谓语动词所表示的时间是一个相对时间，即相对于谓语动词的时间而言。同时也需要了解非谓语动词的不同形式所指时间的含义。如to have done，having done表示该动作在谓语动词的动作之前发生；to be doing，doing强调与谓语动词的动作同时发生。(4) 正确判断是否使用不定式通常有以下依据：①出现频率最高的是动词不定式作目的状语，判断的方法：前面有一个动词，后在跟一个动词，很可能是不定式作目的状语。②不定式作结果状语，表示意外的结果。通常是only to do的形式。③不定式作定语：the way to do sth；the chance to do sth； the opportunity to do sth； the first_____ todo sth ......④不定式作宾语：常用的动词want；like等⑤不定式作宾补：ask sb to do sth；prefer sb to do sth等(4) 正确判断动名词的方法：①动名词及短语作主语、宾语、表语；②动名词作定语表示用途和性质；③介词后用动名词；④有些动词后接动名词作宾语；⑤形容词性物主代词、代词宾格后可能是动名词。【变式精讲】【例1】【2023·河北省部分学校联考】The new rule, ________ (schedule) to come into force on August 1, 2022, also clarified rules for liability (责任) in car accidents that involve autonomous driving, ________ (help) to fill the legal gap in China’s smart car industry.【例2】【2023·重庆市月考】It is a________ (move) story between Zhong Jing, a doctor, and the villagers in Longhe Village, Longchang Town, Qianxinan Bouyei and Miso Autonomous Prefecture in Guizhou Province.【例3】【2023·重庆市月考】She often makes calls to some with diseases such as high blood pressure. “I need to remind them ________ (come) to have their blood pressure and blood sugar tested,” she says.【例4】【2023·山西省临汾市月考】As a sacred thing _______ (love) by Chinese people, the dragon is inclusive in all kinds of traditional Chinese art, like sculpture, painting and embroidery (刺绣).【例5】【2023·山西省临汾市月考】Chen Rong is a painter in the thirteenth century and good at _________ (paint) various dragons. Many other painters, such as Cao Buxing and Zhang Zengyao, are also famous for their dragon paintings.