高中英语人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第一册Unit 1 People of Achievement课时作业

这是一份高中英语人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第一册Unit 1 People of Achievement课时作业，共11页。试卷主要包含了5分,满分37等内容，欢迎下载使用。

第一单元过关检测(A卷)
(时间:120分钟　满分:150分)
第一部分　听力
第二部分　阅读(共两节,满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
You probably know who Marie Curie was,but you may not have heard of Rachel Carson.Of the outstanding ladies listed below,who do you think was the most important woman of the past 100 years?
JaneAddams(1860-1935)
Anyone who has ever been helped by a social worker has Jane Addams to thank.Addams helped the poor and worked for peace.She encouraged a sense of community(社区) by creating shelters and promoting education and services for people in need.In 1931,Addams became the first American woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize.
RachelCarson(1907-1964)
If it weren’t for Rachel Carson,the environmental movement might not exist today.Her popular 1962 book SilentSpring raised awareness of the dangers of pollution and the harmful effects of chemicals on humans and on the world’s lakes and oceans.
SandraDayO’Connor(1930-present)
When Sandra Day O’Connor finished third in her class at Stanford Law School,in 1952,she could not find work at a law firm because she was a woman.She became an Arizona state senator(参议员) and,in 1981,the first woman to join the US Supreme Court.O’Connor gave the deciding vote in many important cases during her 24 years on the top court.
RosaParks(1913-2005)
On 1 December 1955,in Montgomery,Alabama,Rosa Parks would not give up her seat on a bus to a white passenger.Her simple act landed Parks in prison.But it also set off the Montgomery bus boycott.It lasted for more than a year,and kicked off the civil-rights movement.“The only tired I was,was tired of giving in,” said Parks.
21.What is Jane Addams noted for in history?
A.Her social work.
B.Her teaching skills.
C.Her efforts to win a prize.
D.Her community background.
答案A
解析细节理解题。根据第二段中的“AnyonewhohaseverbeenhelpedbyasocialworkerhasJaneAddamstothank.”可知,任何曾经得到社会工作者帮助的人都要感谢JaneAddams,由此推知,她在历史上以社会工作者而闻名。故选A项。
22.What was the reason for O’Connor’s being rejected by the law firm?
A.Her lack of proper training in law.
B.Her little work experience in court.
C.The discrimination against women.
D.The poor financial conditions.
答案C
解析细节理解题。根据第四段中的“...shecouldnotfindworkatalawfirmbecauseshewasawoman.”可知,她没能在法律事务所找到工作是因为她是一名女性,这是对于女性的歧视。故选C项。
23.Who made a great contribution to the civil-rights movement in the US?
A.Jane Addams.　　　　　　B.Rachel Carson.
C.Sandra Day O’Connor. D.Rosa Parks.
答案D
解析细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“...andkickedoffthecivil-rightsmovement.”可知,RosaParks对民权运动做出了贡献。故选D项。

B
I always feel sorry for world leaders busy dealing with fights between nations.When my three children were young,most days it was hard to keep my house from becoming a battlefield.
It got worse as they grew older.Three years ago,Zack,then 16,couldn’t make it through a day without making his sisters,Alex 11 and Taryn 9,angry.
My husband and I tried to be understanding the boy at such an age.We reasoned,punished,and left heartfelt notes on his bed about how he was hurting our family.His answer was “I say it because it’s true.”
I even tried telling the girls to fight back.Bad idea.Now I had three children at war.Whatever I said to them,they paid no attention.When there was no way out,I told everything to my sister,Mary,in an e-mail.She replied,“Don’t e-mail me.E-mail him.”
Our son was online every day,mailing and talking with his friends.Maybe he would actually hear me this way.I didn’t say anything different,but e-mail just took the tension away.There’d be no shouting or door banging.Zack wouldn’t feel under attack.
Zack didn’t reply for days.When he finally did,his entire message was four small words.I smiled when I read them:“You’re right.I’m sorry.”
The children still fought,of course,but Zack changed.Best of all,I now have a better way to talk with not one but three of them.I like it that they don’t tune me out as much as they used to.They like not having to listen to me shouting to them.Or as Alex says,“You’re so much nicer online.” 
All I know is that the house is quiet.But we’re talking.
24.What was the trouble before the online talk in the family?
A.The children couldn’t get along peacefully.
B.The writer failed to understand her daughters.
C.The family found it difficult to keep the house clean.
D.The parents were not willing to talk with their children.
答案A
解析细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Threeyearsago,Zack,then16,couldn’tmakeitthroughadaywithoutmakinghissisters,Alex11andTaryn9,angry.”可知,在作者给儿子发邮件之前的日子里,孩子们不能和平相处。故选A项。
25.The writer e-mailed her sister 　　　. 
A.to escape from the problem
B.hoping she’d e-mail the boy
C.to tell her about the family problem
D.asking about child-raising
答案C
解析细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Whentherewasnowayout,Itoldeverythingtomysister,Mary,inane-mail.”可知,作者在没有办法解决的情况下,给姐姐发了邮件说这个问题。故选C项。
26.The underlined phrase “tune me out” in the passage probably means “　　　”. 
A.pay no attention to me
B.get angry with me
C.quarrel with me
D.keep me out of their rooms
答案A
解析词义猜测题。根据第四段中的“WhateverIsaidtothem,theypaidnoattention.”可知,在以前孩子们不理会作者说的话,再根据画线词后的“asmuchastheyusedto”可知,本句意思是作者喜欢孩子们不像以前那样忽视她。故选A项。
27.Why does the writer feel sorry for world leaders busy dealing with fights between nations?
A.Because she doesn’t think the leaders are successful.
B.Because she doesn’t think fights can be stopped.
C.Because she has nothing to do with the leaders.
D.Because she can understand that the leaders’ job is hard.
答案D
解析推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Whenmythreechildrenwereyoung,mostdaysitwashardtokeepmyhousefrombecomingabattlefield.”可知,作者之所以理解国家领导人的难处,是因为她难以处理孩子们之间的矛盾。故选D项。

C
When Albert Einstein was young,he was a quiet child who spent much of his time alone.He was slow to talk and had difficulty in learning to read.
When Albert was five years old,his father gave him a compass.Albert was filled with wonder when he discovered that the compass needle always pointed in the same direction—the north.He asked his father and his uncle what caused the needle to move.Their answers were difficult for Albert to understand.Yet he spent a lot of time thinking about them.He said later that he felt something must be hidden behind things.
Albert didn’t like school.The German schools of that time were not pleasant.Students couldn’t ask questions.Albert said he felt as if he were in prison.
One day Albert told his uncle Jacob how much he hated school,especially mathematics.His uncle told him to solve mathematical problems by pretending to be a policeman.“You are looking for someone,” he said,“but you don’t know who he is.Call him ×.Find him by using your mathematical tools.”
Albert learned to love mathematics.He was studying the complex mathematics of calculus(微积分) while all his friends were still studying simple mathematics.Instead of playing with his friends he thought about things such as “What would happen if people could travel at the speed of his light?”
Albert wanted to teach mathematics and physics.He graduated with honours,but it was a pity that he could not get a teaching job.
28.According to paragraph 2,we can learn that Albert Einstein 　　　. 
A.was interested in the compass
B.wanted to be a great scientist
C.was not clever enough
D.didn’t like thinking by himself
答案A
解析推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Albertwasfilledwithwonderwhenhediscoveredthatthecompassneedlealwayspointedinthesamedirection—thenorth.”可知,爱因斯坦对指南针很感兴趣。故选A项。
29.Why did Albert Einstein hate school?
A.He couldn’t play with his friends there.
B.Students were not allowed to ask questions.
C.The schools were like prisons at that time.
D.He had to learn mathematics that he didn’t like.
答案B
解析细节理解题。根据第三段中的“TheGermanschoolsofthattimewerenotpleasant.Studentscouldn’taskquestions.”可知,德国学校不允许学生问问题,因此,爱因斯坦不喜欢学校。故选B项。
30.What does the underlined word “complex” probably mean?
A.Useful. B.Difficult.
C.Boring. D.Interesting.
答案B
解析词义猜测题。根据本句“Hewasstudyingthecomplexmathematicsofcalculuswhileallhisfriendswerestillstudyingsimplemathematics.”说明该词与simple是反义词。difficult“困难的”符合语境。故选B项。
31.We can learn from the passage that 　　　. 
A.Einstein became a mathematics teacher after graduation
B.Einstein gradually loved mathematics with his uncle’s help
C.Einstein’s uncle was a policeman
D.Einstein liked playing with other children
答案B
解析推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二、三段内容可知他的叔叔教他如何学习数学,他是在叔叔的影响下喜欢上数学的。故选B项。

D
“You can use me as a last resort(选择),and if nobody else volunteers,then I will do it.” This was an actual reply from a parent after I put out a request for volunteers for my kids’ lacrosse(长曲棍球) club.
I guess that there’s probably some demanding work schedule,or social anxiety around stepping up to help for an unknown sport.She may just need a little persuading.So I try again and tug at the heartstrings.I mention the single parent with four kids running the show and I talk about the dad coaching a team that his kids aren’t even on ... At this point the unwilling parent speaks up,“Alright.Yes,I’ll do it.” 
I’m secretly relieved because I know there’s real power in sharing volunteer responsibilities among many.The unwilling parent organises the meal schedule,sends out emails,and collects money for end-of-season gifts.Somewhere along the way,the same parent ends up becoming an invaluable member of the team.The coach is able to focus on the kids while the other parents are relieved to be off the hook for another season.Handing out sliced oranges to bloodthirsty kids can be as exciting as watching your own kid score a goal.
Still,most of us volunteers breathe a sigh of relief when the season comes to a close.That relief is coupled with a deep understanding of why the same people keep coming back for more:Connecting to the community(社区) as you freely give your time,money,skills,or services provides a real joy.Volunteering just feels so good.
In that sense,I’m pretty sure volunteering is more of a selfish act than I’d freely like to admit.However,if others benefit in the process,and I get some reward too,does it really matter where my motivation lies?
32.What can we infer about the parent from her reply in paragraph 1?
A.She knows little about the club.
B.She isn’t good at sports.
C.She just doesn’t want to volunteer.
D.She’s unable to meet her schedule.
答案C
解析推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Youcanusemeasalastresort,andifnobodyelsevolunteers,thenIwilldoit.”可知,这位家长让作者最后再考虑她,如果没有其他人当志愿者,她才会做。由此可知,她不想做志愿者工作。故选C项。
33.What does the underlined phrase “tug at the heartstrings” in paragraph 2 mean?
A.Encourage teamwork. B.Appeal to feelings.
C.Promote good deeds. D.Provide advice.
答案B
解析词义猜测题。开头提到这位家长不愿当志愿者,再根据第二段中的“Shemayjustneedalittlepersuading.”以及下文作者提到的两个例子可知,作者是想让她内心有所触动。对比四个选项可知,B项正确。
34.What can we learn about the parent from paragraph 3?
A.She gets interested in lacrosse.
B.She is proud of her kids.
C.She’ll work for another season.
D.She becomes a good helper.
答案D
解析推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Theunwillingparentorganisesthemealschedule,sendsoutemails,andcollectsmoneyforend-of-seasongifts.”可知,这位家长安排就餐时间表、发送电子邮件,并且为季末礼品筹款。这些都可表明她是一位好帮手。故选D项。
35.Why does the author like doing volunteer work?
A.It gives her a sense of duty.
B.It makes her very happy.
C.It enables her to work hard.
D.It brings her material rewards.
答案B
解析细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Connectingtothecommunityasyoufreelygiveyourtime,money,skills,orservicesprovidesarealjoy.Volunteeringjustfeelssogood.”可知,志愿者工作给她带来了快乐。故选B项。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
The most successful people all have certain habits in their daily routines.These habits help contribute to their success.Forming a new good habit can be a struggle,but it is well worth the effort.　36　. 
Setyourgoal
Before you can begin to work on your new habit,it is worthwhile to consider your goal.　37　.Make sure that your goal is specific,measurable and realistic to increase your chances of success. 
　38　 
Choosing the habits that are most likely to help you achieve your goal is important.After you have set your goal and worked out all the specifics of achieving that goal,identify a habit that is part of achieving that goal.Consider what good habit would help you accomplish that goal.
Consideryourmotivation
Once you have identified your goal and the new habit you need to accomplish this goal,take some time to consider your motivation.　39　.Good motivation can be the difference between success and failure in terms of forming a new habit.So take your time to consider your motivation. 
Giveyourselftime
Forming a new habit can take a long time.Some people can form a new habit in as little as a few weeks,while other people will take several months.As you work to form your new habit,just keep in mind that it may be a while before it comes true.　40　. 
A.Identify ways to achieve goals
B.Find the habit you want to form
C.Good habits are sure to make you a success
D.Here are the four steps you can follow to form good habits
E.Figure out exactly what you hope to accomplish
F.Try to be patient with yourself as you form your new habit
G.Your motivation is the reason you want to form this new habit
答案36~40 DEBGF
第三部分　语言运用(共两节,满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
An English man is being praised for his act of kindness.He 　41　 an expensive bike for ￡80 only so he could return it to its 　42　 owner. 
26-year-old Burke was about to leave the 　43　 after finishing his routine physical exercises when he was 　44　 by three men asking if he wanted to buy a bike.Burke was immediately 　45　 of its origin since they were trying to sell the ￡1,350 bike for ￡80.Apart from that,he 　46　 there was a bike lock still 　47　 to the rear wheel(后轮). 
After Burke got the bike,he posted a photo of it on social media to 　48　 its owner.Within hours,Burke was 　49　 by the bike’s owner on the phone,whose house had been burgled(入室盗窃).The man’s 　50　 for its return was beyond words.He tried to 　51　 the money to Burke,but Burke refused,telling 　52　 that he “didn’t feel right taking money from the unfortunate man.” 
Burke has since been reported by social media for his “heroic” deed,although he 　53　 that he did not return the bike for media attention.　54　,Burke was delighted to receive the online 　55　 to his honesty. 
41.A.rented B.purchased
C.sold D.borrowed
答案B
解析设空处与48空前的“got”在语义范畴上一致,表示“购买”。rent“出租,租用”;purchase“购买”;sell“出售”;borrow“借”。故选B项。
42.A.careless B.desperate
C.generous D.original
答案D
解析根据第三段首句“AfterBurkegotthebike,hepostedaphotoofitonsocialmediato　　　itsowner.”可知,Burke买下自行车后,在社交媒体上发布了自行车的照片,希望能够联系上物主。careless“粗心的”;desperate“绝望的;拼命的”;generous“慷慨的;仁慈的;丰富的”;original“原来的;最初的”。故选D项。 
43.A.gym B.office
C.factory D.station
答案A
解析根据设空后信息afterfinishinghisroutinephysicalexercises可知,Burke应是在健身房锻炼身体。gym“健身房”;office“办公室”;factory“工厂”;station“车站”。故选A项。
44.A.persuaded B.required
C.approached D.begged
答案C
解析Burke在健身房结束健身活动准备离开时,三个人走近他问他是否想买自行车。persuade“说服”;require“需要”;approach“接近;走近”;beg“恳求;祈求;乞讨”。故选C项。
45.A.aware B.skeptical
C.confident D.nervous
答案B
解析根据设空后的“...sincetheyweretryingtosellthe￡1,350bikefor￡80.”可知,售价1350英镑的自行车只需80英镑就可以买到,Burke对此感到怀疑。aware“意识到;察觉到”;skeptical“怀疑的”;confident“有信心的;确信的”;nervous“焦虑的;胆怯的”。故选B项。
46.A.ignored B.understood
C.predicted D.noticed
答案D
解析句意:除对价格差距感到怀疑外,他还注意到自行车后轮上还上着锁。ignore“忽视;不予理睬”,understand“理解”;predict“预言;预告;预报”;notice“注意到”。故选D项。
47.A.attached B.exposed
C.compared D.adjusted
答案A
解析句意同上题。attach“把……附在……上”;expose“暴露;揭穿”;compare“比较;对比”;adjust“调整;适应;整理”。故选A项。
48.A.consult B.track
C.protect D.educate
答案B
解析Burke买下自行车后在社交媒体上发布照片,希望能追踪到物主。consult“咨询;查询”;track“追踪”;protect“保护”;educate“教育;训练”。故选B项。
49.A.praised B.visited
C.reached D.reminded
答案C
解析根据语境可知,此处表示几小时内,自行车的主人就通过电话联系了Burke。praise“赞扬”;visit“参观”;reach“(尤指用电话)联系”;remind“提醒;使想起”。故选C项。
50.A.preference B.thankfulness
C.love D.enthusiasm
答案B
解析对于素不相识的Burke买下自行车并设法归还给自己的善举,自行车主人的感激之情自然是难以言表,当他试图偿还Burke购车的费用时,Burke拒绝了。故选B项。
51.A.put in B.get out
C.set aside D.pay back
答案D
解析句意同上题。putin“安装;正式提出(要求等)”;getout“出版,困难地说出”;setaside“省出;把……搁到一旁”;payback“偿还”。故选D项。
52.A.reporters B.owners
C.audiences D.bike-lovers
答案A
解析根据最后一段中的“Burkehassincebeenreportedbysocialmediaforhis ‘heroic’ deed...”可知,社交媒体对Burke的善举进行了报道。reporter“记者”;owner“主人”;audience“观众”;bike-lover“自行车爱好者”。故选A项。
53.A.promised B.denied
C.stressed D.accepted
答案C
解析句意:尽管社交媒体自那以后报道了他的“英雄”事迹,但Burke强调自己将自行车物归原主并不是为了吸引媒体的关注。promise“承诺”;deny“否认;否定;拒绝”;stress“强调”;accept“接受”。故选C项。
54.A.Therefore B.Otherwise
C.Meanwhile D.However
答案D
解析此处表示转折,故选However。therefore“因此,所以”;otherwise“否则,除此以外”;meanwhile“与此同时”;however“然而”。故选D项。
55.A.welcome B.display
C.assessment D.discussion
答案A
解析设空处填入的词应与文章首句“AnEnglishmanisbeingpraisedforhisactofkindness.”中的“praised”在范畴上一致,即受到表扬、受到欢迎。welcome“欢迎”;display“展览”;assessment“评估”;discussion“讨论”。故选A项。
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
In ancient China lived an artist 56. ___________ paintings were almost lifelike.The artist’s reputation had made him proud.One day the emperor wanted to get his portrait(画像) done so he called all great artists to come and present their 57. ___________ (fine) work,in which he could choose the best.The artist was sure he would 58. ___________ (choose),but when he presented his masterpiece to the emperor’s chief minister,the old man laughed.The wise old man told him to travel to the Li River—perhaps he could learn a little from the greatest artist in the world.
Filled with 59. ___________ (curious),the artist packed his bags and left.60. ___________ he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary(传奇的) artist,they smiled and 61. ___________ (point) down the river.The next morning he hired a boat and set out 62. ___________ (find) the well-known painter.As the small boat moved 63. ___________ (gentle) along the river he was left speechless by the mountains being silently reflected in the water.He passed milky white waterfalls and mountains in many shades of blue.And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds 64. ___________ (surround) the mountain tops,he was reduced to tears.The artist was finally humbled(谦卑) by the greatest artist 65. ___________ earth,Mother Nature.
答案56.whose　57.finest　58.be chosen　59.curiosity　60.When/As　61.pointed 　62.to find　63.gently
64.surrounding　65.on
第四部分　写作(共两节,满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
你校正在组织英语作文比赛。请以身边值得尊敬和爱戴的人为题,写一篇短文参赛,内容包括:
1.人物简介;
2.尊敬和爱戴的原因。
注意:
1.词数100左右;
2.可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
参考范文
Mr Zhang,aged 50,is my favourite English teacher.He is so knowledgeable,humorous and responsible that I respect and love him so much.
Honestly speaking,his great patience and assistance have a great impact on me.It was Mr Zhang who made me perceive the importance of learning English well.Had it not been for his guidance and encouragement,I couldn’t have won first prize in the English Contest.Without his aid,I wouldn’t have boosted my integrated skills in English.I’ll definitely remember his kindness and help forever.
Mr Zhang is a very respectable teacher indeed! I do thank him for what he did for me.
第二节(满分25分)
阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写词数应为150左右。
9-year-old Igor lived in a huge forest in the north of Russia.His father was a woodcutter and his mother was a tailor.The boy liked playing with animals in the forest,and knew the names of different birds and their songs.One freezing winter,Igor was seriously ill and the doctor who was from big cities told his parents that only surprise could save him.Lying all day in bed,Igor only wanted his father to catch a bird so he could play with it.But in winter there were no birds in the forest.“You could make him a bird out of wood,”suggested the anxious mother.
The first finished bird was fat and too heavy to fly.He threw it into the fire,head in hands.
It was snowing heavily,and he really didn’t know where to find a bird.Then an idea occurred to him,“The bird needs two pieces of wood.”Eventually,he made it and showed it to his wife.“Beautiful!”she said,taking a needle and thread(线) and sewing the two ends together,like a real bird.She tied a long thread to the bird’s back.And it could be hung above Igor’s bed.Quietly,the woodcutter hung the bird above the boy’s bed.
At daybreak,his son was watching the bird carefully.There was a light in his eyes for the first time in many weeks.“Beautiful!”said Igor.“I’ve never seen it before in the forest.What’s its name?”“That’s a good question.I’ll find out and tell you.”The next morning,when the father entered Igor’s room,he found the boy sitting up in bed,trying to touch the bird.The last time Igor sat up in bed was many weeks ago.“What’s it called?” the boy asked.“Oh,dear,I’m still not sure.”
Late on that night,Igor’s father went into his son’s room quietly and made the thread a little shorter.Then the bird was hanging a little higher above Igor’s head.Three days later,he found Igor kneeling on the bed,trying to touch the bird.His hand was very near it.“Have you decided on the name?”“Not yet.My son,”his father replied.
Again,atnightthefatherwentintohisson’sroom._______________________________
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Severaldayslater,Igor’sfatherwascuttingwoodwhenheheardascreamfromthehouse.
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参考范文
Again,atnightthefatherwentintohisson’sroom.Seeing Igor was asleep,he put the bird a little higher and left.To his joy,Igor was able to stand on the bed and nearly touch the bird the second day.He wanted to make it go round in person.The woodcutter encouraged his son to go on trying and told him it was not as high as he thought.However,Igor still wanted to know the name of the bird.The father said he was trying to figure out the kind of the bird.
Severaldayslater,Igor’sfatherwascuttingwoodwhenheheardascreamfromthehouse.He ran quickly to his son’s bedroom.He couldn’t believe what he saw.Igor was jumping up and down excitedly on his bed.It was above his head that the bird was going round very fast.He showed off his performance to his father.“Please tell me,what’s its name?”“It’s called the bird of surprise,”his father replied excitedly.And his mother,standing at the door,cried tears of joy to see her young son full of life once again.