2024版新教材高考英语全程一轮总复习Unit5HumansandNature学生用书北师大版必修第二册

UNIT 5　HUMANS AND NATURE
【基础回顾】　 　
►核心词汇——写其形
1．____________ n. 评论；意见
2．____________ n. 灾难；灾祸
3．____________ n. 讲座，讲课；演讲
4．____________ n. 伤害，损伤，损害
5．____________ vt. 估量，衡量；测量
6．____________ vt. 使震惊；使难以置信
7．____________ n. &vt. 努力，尝试，企图
8．____________ vt. 打断讲话
9．____________ n. &vt. 营救；救援
10．____________ vi. &vt. 逃离；逃避

►阅读词汇——知其意
1．drought n. ________________
2．hurricane n. ________________
3．landslide n. ________________
4．whirlpool n. ________________
5．kangaroo n. ________________
6．file n. ________________
7．whale n. ________________
8．dolphin n. ________________
9．shark n. ________________
10．weed n. ________________
11．deer n. ________________

►拓展词汇——通其变
1．anxiety n．焦急，焦虑→________ adj.焦虑的；不安的→________ adv.焦虑地；不安地
2．conduct vt.实施；进行；执行；vi. &vt.指挥→________ n．指挥者；售票员
3．loss n．丧失；死亡→________ v．丢失；丢掉
4．curious adj.好奇的→________ n．好奇，好奇心
5．harm n. &vt.伤害，损害→________ adj.有害的→________ adj.无害的
6．survive vi. &vt.活下来；幸存→________ n．幸存，活下来→________ n．幸存者，生还者
7．ambition n．抱负，雄心；追求，夙愿→________ adj.有抱负的，有野心的，有理想的
8．equal adj.相等的；相同的→________ adv.相等地；同样地；平等地→________ n．平等
9．process n．过程，进程→________ n．(行列的)行进；(人或车辆等的)行列
10．fright n．惊吓，恐怖→________ vt.使害怕，使惊恐→________ adj.受惊的，害怕的

►高频短语——记得牢
1．________________ 对……置之不理，对……撒手不管
2．________________ 在……边缘；某事快要发生(尤指不好的事)
3．________________ 吸气
4．________________ 用完；耗尽

►典型句式——懂其用
1．how引导的宾语从句
You can't imagine ________________ a life that I lived then.
你想象不到那时我过着多么困难的生活。
2．the＋比较级．..，the＋比较级．..越……，就越……
__________we get together, __________ we will be.
我们相聚得越多，我们就越快乐。
3．make sb. do sth.让某人做某事
Wars ________ the peace go away.
战争使和平远离。
We were made ________________ a good job in key construction projects.
要求我们搞好重点项目建设。
4．Sb./Sth. be the first to do sth.某人/某物第一个做某事。
He is the first ____________ the maths problem.
他是第一个算出这道数学题的人。

【核心考点】
►第一版块|重点单词
1．flood n．洪水，水灾；大批，大量v．淹没；(使)泛滥；(洪水般地)涌进/出；挤满，拥满；使大受感动，充满
(1)a flood of 大量的……
a flood of complaints 大量投诉
be in flood (河水)上涨，泛滥
flood water 洪水
in floods of tears 泪如雨下
flood...with... 把……大量送至……； 使……充满……
(2)be flooded with 挤满，拥满；大量收到……
flood in/into 大量涌入
flood back (感觉或回忆)涌上心头，涌现
flood sb. out (洪水)迫使某人离开家园
flood sb. with questions 用大量的问题问某人
◎单句语法填空
①The room was at once flooded ________ light.
②She drew the curtains and the sunlight flooded ________．
③________ (flood) have become more damaging in Bangladesh in recent decades.
④We can't cross the meadow there because the river is________ flood.
⑤Rezwan is creating floating connectivity to replace ________ (flood) roads and highways.
⑥But when he finally reached her, the woman flooded him ________ questions.

2.comment n．评论；意见v．评论；注释　　　　
make comments on/about 对……作出评论
make no comment on/about 对……不做评论
without comment 不予评论
no comment 无可奉告
cause/attract/draw comment 引来/招来评论
ask for comments 征求意见
offer comments 提意见
comment on/upon 评论，对……提意见
comment that... 评论说/称……
◎单句语法填空
①She refused to make a comment ________ the incident.
②This time, however, I just couldn't let an issue go by ________ comment.
③Would you care to comment ________ any troublesome students in your class?
④Make ________ (comment) only on the subjects you know well.

3．crowded adj.拥挤的；挤满人的　crowd vi. &vt.挤满；塞满；聚集；拥挤　n．人群；观众
be crowded with 挤满；拥挤
crowd in 挤进
crowd in (on/upon sb.) (往事)涌现于(某人的) 脑海
crowd sb./sth. into/onto sth.＝crowd sb./sth. in 把……装满……
crowd into/onto sth. 大批涌入(狭小的空间)
a crowd of 一群
in crowds 成群地
follow the crowd 跟大家一样；随大溜
◎单句语法填空
①The girl students came here to buy flowers ________ crowds.
②The roads are ________ (crowd) with vehicles of all kinds.
③Many past memories crowded in ________ him.
④It's impossible ________ (crowd) any more football supporters in.
⑤The street was crowded ________ cars and people.
⑥I was very surprised when all of my friends crowded ________ my room to say happy birthday to me.

4.lecture n．讲座，讲课；演讲　v．训斥；讲课；教导　lecturer n．演讲者；讲师
give a lecture 作演讲，作讲座
go to/attend a lecture 出席讲座
listen to a lecture 听讲座
a lecture on/about... 关于……的讲座
a series of lectures 一系列讲座
a lecture hall/room 演讲厅/室
lecture in/on (sth.) 就(某题目)作报告，办讲座
lecture sb. for sth. 因……教训某人
[误区警示]表示“作演讲”时，动词不能用make，而用deliver或give。
He delivered/gave a lecture to the students.(√)
He made a lecture to the students.(×)
He made a speech to the students.(√)
◎单句语法填空
①She doesn't talk to me. She ________ (lecture) me.
②Two students waited behind to put more questions to the ________ (lecture).
③He lectured ________ Russian literature to his students.
④Elder children don't like ________ (lecture).

5．escape vi. &vt.逃离；逃避　n．逃跑；逃避；泄露
(1)escape to 逃至……
escape from reality 逃避现实
escape from one's mind/memory 某事被某人忘记
escape doing/being done 逃避做……
narrowly escape 九死一生
escape/avoid responsibility 逃避/回避责任
a narrow/lucky escape 死里逃生；幸运逃脱
(2)表示“逃跑”的词汇：
flee from 从……逃离；避免
flee to 逃到……
run away from 从……逃跑
get away from 从……离开
[误区警示]escape作“被……忘记，没有被……注意到”解时，用sth. escape(s) sb.结构。
Her address escaped me.我把她的地址忘了。
◎单句语法填空
①I found no method of escape ________ pain and suffering.
②They are reported to have escaped ________ the other side of the border.
③He narrowly escaped ________ (hurt) in the accident.
④The explosion was caused by ________ escape of gas.
⑤There is no way to escape ________ (do) the work.
⑥He had ________ narrow escape when his car skidded on the ice.

6．survive vi. &vt.活下来；幸存；艰难度过；比……活得长　survival n．生存；幸存；残存物；遗风　survivor n．幸存者，生还者
(1)survive the disaster 幸免于难
survive the attack 在袭击中幸免于难
survive the earthquake 在地震中幸免于难
people who survive cancer 癌症幸存者
survive this crisis 渡过这个危机
survive the difficulties 渡过难关
(2)survive on 靠……活下来；靠 ……生存(＝live on)
survive from... 从……沿袭/保存下来
survive sb. by...year(s) 比某人多活……年
(3)构词法：survive v．(去e)＋-al→survival n．如：
arrive→arrival propose→proposal
refuse→refusal remove→removal
approve→approval
After he survived the earthquake, the old man became one of the few survivors of the family and his survival made his old friends very happy.
这位老人在地震中幸存下来之后，成了这个家庭中少数的幸存者之一，他的幸存使他的老朋友们很欣慰。
◎单句语法填空
①It is one of the greatest books to survive ________ the ancient world.
②About 1.3 billion people currently have to survive ________ less than $1 a day.
③Mr. Tanner ________ (survive) by his wife and two children.
④There was only one ________ (survive) from the plane crash.
⑤Trying to help injured, displaced or sick creatures can be heartbreaking；________ (survive) is never certain.

7．curious adj.好奇的；奇特的　curiously adv.好奇地　curiosity n．好奇心
be curious about... 对……好奇
be curious to do sth. 很想做某事
It is/was curious that... 奇怪的是……
with curiosity 好奇地
out of curiosity 出于好奇
◎单句语法填空
①Don't be too curious ________ things you are not supposed to know.
②The salesgirl in the shop looked at them ________ (curious).
③It was curious ________ she didn't tell anyone.
④She opened her eyes and looked up at me ________ curiosity and hopefulness.
⑤I was curious ________ (find) out what she had said.
⑥We went to the show out of ________ (curious) more than anything else.

8．equal adj.相等的；相同的　vt. 比得上；等于　n．同辈；平等；同等的人或事件　equally adv.平等地；同等(重要)地　equality n．平等；相等　　　　　
(1)equal opportunities/rights 平等的机会/权利
an equal number/amount of 相等数量的……
be equal in size/length 大小/长度相等
be equal to... 与……相等；能胜任/应付……
on equal terms (with sb.) (与某人)地位平等
(2)equal a world record 与世界纪录打平
(3)be without equal/have no equal 无与伦比，无敌
[误区警示]be equal to作“胜任”讲时，其后的to是介词，后接名词或动名词，而不是动词不定式符号。另外介词to也不能错用为as。
◎单句语法填空
①Bill is quite equal ________ running the office.
②All these techniques are ________ (equal) effective.
③All men are not equal ________ ability.
④He is a basketball player ________ equal in the team.
⑤One horse is not equal to ________ (pull) the heavy cart.

9．trap vt.困住；使陷于危险中　n．圈套；陷阱；困境
(1)
(2)
(3)
They were trapped in the burning hotel.
他们被困在发生火灾的旅馆里。
◎单句语法填空
①Thirty miners are still trapped ________ the mine following yesterday's explosion.
②The hunter set ________ trap to catch the fox.
③The thief ________ (trap) by the police in an old house.
④It's easy to fall ________ a trap, but hard to get out again.

10.attempt n. &vt. 努力，尝试，企图　attempted adj.未遂的　　　
attempt to do sth.(＝try to do sth.)
＝make an attempt to do sth./at doing sth. 企图/试图做某事
at one's first attempt 在某人第一次尝试时
in an attempt to do sth. 试图做某事
a futile attempt 徒劳的尝试
attempt a rescue 设法实行营救
attempted crime 犯罪未遂
[词语辨析]attempt与try
attempt较正式用词，侧重已经开始，且希望完成，但常隐含着不一定有预期的结果。
try普通用词，可与attempt换用，但强调努力或尝试，后跟不定式表示努力或争取，跟动名词表示尝试。
◎单句语法填空
①He studied hard ________ an attempt to pass the exam.
②She passed her driving test ________ the first attempt.
③[2020·江苏卷]When Wilson returned home from hospital two months later, his parents attempted ________ (find) a way to deal with the catastrophe that had happened to their lives.
④Some time after 10，000 BC, people made the first real attempt ________ (control) the world they lived in, through agriculture.
⑤[2020·天津二考]This effort is not just an attempt ________ being community minded—it's also a crime cutting measure.

11．damage n．伤害，损伤，损害，损失；损害赔偿金(pl.)v．损害；毁坏　damaged adj.被损坏的，受损伤的　
(1)do/cause damage to 损坏；破坏
damage one's health 损害某人的健康
(2)be completely destroyed by fire 被大火彻底烧毁
destroy the environment 毁坏环境
destroy one's confidence/hope/faith 摧毁某人的信心/希望/信仰
in ruins 成为废墟
[词语辨析]damage, destroy与ruin
damage部分性“破坏”“损坏”，一般还可修复。
destroy彻底地“破坏”“毁坏”，一般不能或很难修复。
ruin严重地“毁坏”，侧重于破坏事物的内在价值。
◎单句语法填空
①The flood did a lot of damage ________ the crops.
②Without oxygen, the brain ________ (damage) quickly.
③Her heart was slightly ________ (damage) as a result of her long illness.
◎辨析填空：damage, destroy, ruin
④An atom bomb would ________ a city.
⑤The politics of the company will ________ their image.
⑥Many houses were ________ by the earthquake.
12．measure vt.估量，衡量；测量n．措施；办法；度量单位；尺度；程度　linkingv．(指尺寸、长短、数量等)量度为　measurement n．测量；尺寸；数量
measure one's height 测量某人的身高
make...to one's measure 为某人量身定做……
take one's measure 给某人量尺寸
take measures to do sth. 采取措施做某事
beyond measure 非常；极其；不可估量
[误区警示]当measure意为“(指尺寸、长短、数量等)量度为”时是连系动词，不能用于进行时态，也不用于被动语态。
The fish measures more that one meter.
这条鱼长一米多。
◎单句语法填空
①Do you make suits ________ your measure?
②The good they have done for me is ______ measure.
③We should take appropriate measures ________ (improve) our teaching.
④They suggested ________ (measure) to overcome current difficulties.
⑤The overall ________ (measure) of this room is 80 square metres.
⑥He ________ (measure) Mrs Brown from top to bottom.

13.process n．过程，进程　v．加工；处理；列队前进　processed adj.加工过的
go over
in the process 与此同时，在此过程中
be in the process of (doing) sth. 在(做)某事的过程中， 在进行……中
process the agricultural products/tea leaves 加工农产品/茶叶
process the data 处理数据
process into 列队走进
processed food 加工过的食品
[误区警示]process用作及物动词时，常接名词、代词作宾语，可用于被动结构；用作不及物动词时，常与介词into连用。
◎单句语法填空
①The administration is in ________ process of drawing up a peace plan.
②The students processed ________ the dining room.
③Grocery stores sell many foods that ________ (process).
④[2019·全国Ⅱ卷]However, if others benefit ________ the process, and I get some reward too, does it really matter where my motivation lies?
⑤They are required ________ (process) the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions.


14．interrupt v．打断讲话；打扰；遮挡　interruption n．打断；打扰
interrupt sb. 打断某人(的讲话)
interrupt sb. with sth. 用某事打断某人
sorry to interrupt... 对不起打扰……
sorry for interrupting 对不起打扰一下
be interrupted by... 受到……打扰
[词语辨析]interrupt，disturb
两词都有“扰”的意思。
interrupt既含“扰”又有“断”之意，侧重“断”之意。
disturb打扰，捣乱，使心神不宁，但没有“断”之意。
◎单句语法填空
①He was angry at being interrupted ________such silly questions in his speech.
②Their conversation ________ (interrupt) by a phone call from Nina.
③Sorry ________ (interrupt), but there's someone to see you.
④[2022·新高考Ⅰ卷改编]The sky was clear when we headed off, but storms move in fast in the mountains, and this one quickly ________ (interrupt) our peaceful morning trip.

15．conduct vt.实施；进行；执行；带领；引导；传导　vi. &vt.指挥　n．行为；举止
conductor n．指挥；职业指挥；售票员；导体
conduct an experiment 进行实验
conduct oneself 表现；举止
conduct an orchestra 指挥管弦乐队
conduct activities 开展活动
conduct sb. around 带领某人参观……
conduct sb. into 领某人进入……
conduct sb. through 领某人穿过……
conduct sb. to the teacher 带某人去见老师
◎单句语法填空
①The way he conducts ________ (he) reflects the family.
②A fire drill will ________ (conduct) in your residence hall every semester.
③It is his duty to conduct the visitors ________ the whole park.
④To return to the problem of water pollution, I'd like you to look at a study ________ (conduct) in Australia in 2012.

16.protection n．保护；防护　protect v．保护；防护　protective adj.保护的；防护的；出于爱护　protector n．保护人；保护装置
under the protection of... 在……的保护下
the protection of... ……的保护
protect sb./sth. from/against... 保护某人/某物免受……的伤害
◎单句语法填空
①I regarded him as my friend and ________ (protect).
②Little children live ________ the protection of their parents.
③Living away from the ________ (protect) of parents, I am growing up in a rapid speed.
④She's too ________ (protect) towards her children; she should let them be more independent.
⑤________ protection of intellectual property rights has been a hot topic in the past few years.
⑥They felt strongly that their products should be protected ________ competition from foreign imports.

17.nearby adv.附近地　adj.附近的
live nearby 住在附近
play nearby 在附近玩
[误区警示]nearby用作形容词的意思是“附近的，不远的”，指位置较近或就在旁边，在句中一般用作定语，可放在被修饰的名词之前或之后。
The hospital nearby is a big one.
附近的这家医院很大。
Her mother lived in a nearby town.
她母亲住在附近的一个小镇上。
◎完成句子
①He works in ____________________________ (附近的警察局).
②He usually trades ________________________ (在附近的超市).
③Small local shops stop being economic when a supermarket _____________________ (在附近开设).

18．ambition n．抱负，雄心；追求，夙愿　ambitious adj.有雄心的；有野心的
a lack of ambition 缺乏抱负
be full of ambition 充满野心
realize/achieve/fulfill one's ambition 实现某人的抱负
have an ambition to do sth./of doing sth. 有做某事的愿望
One's ambition is to be/do... 某人的理想是(做)……
political/literary/sporting ambitions 政治抱负/文学夙愿/运动目标
be ambitious for 渴望
be ambitious to do sth. 渴望做某事
Robert is a very ambitious man and one of his ambitions is to become a great scientist in the future.罗伯特是一位非常有雄心的人，他的目标之一是将来成为一名伟大的科学家。
◎单句语法填空
①Ann has an ambition ________ (be) a professor.
②You will not be able to achieve your ________ (ambitious) if you do not work hard.
③[2020·天津二考]Galileo was not merely ________ (ambition) when he dropped objects of varying weights from the Leaning Tower at Pisa and timed their fall to the ground.

19.cheerful adj.高兴的，兴高采烈的　cheer n．欢呼声；喝彩声　v．欢呼；(为……)喝彩；(使)振奋　cheerfulness n．高兴
a cheerful face 笑脸
a cheerful colour 亮丽的颜色
words of cheer 鼓励的话
cheer for 为……喝彩/叫好；为……鼓劲儿/加油
cheer (sb.) up 使(某人)振作起来；使(某人)高兴起来
cheer on 为……打气；为……加油
◎单句语法填空
①Our friends have a look of ________ (cheerful).
②The audience gave ________ great cheer when he scored.
③This restaurant has a ________ (cheer) atmosphere.
④Let's go to the football game and cheer ________ our favourite team.
⑤We did our best to cheer him ________ when he was about to give up.

20．prove vt.证明；证实　proof n．证据；证明
prove sth. to sb. 向某人证明……
prove sb./sth.＋adj./n. 证明某人/某物是……
prove oneself to be 证明自己是……
prove that/wh-从句 证明……
it is proved that... ……被证明
[误区警示]prove为连系动词时，不用于被动语态中，其后接名词或形容词作表语。
The method proved useful.这种方法证明有用。
◎单句语法填空
①The blood on his shoes was a ________ (prove) of his guilt.
②She may be proved ________ (be) the most suitable person for the job.
③It ________ (prove)that the man stole some money from the shop.
④He proved ________ (he) a worthy successor to the former Prime Minister.
⑤You will have to prove ________ the police that you were at home that night.
⑥Their experiences prove ________ life is full of changes and possibilities.

21．sincerity n．真诚，真挚，诚实　sincere adj.真诚的；诚挚的　sincerely adv.真诚地；真心地
(1)in all sincerity 非常真诚地；衷心地
be sincere in... 在……方面是真诚的
(2)表示“真诚地，衷心地”的短语：from the bottom of one's heart, from the heart。
◎单句语法填空
①Her ________ (sincere) has never been questioned.
②I ________ (sincere) believe that this is the
right decision.
③I can say ________ all sincerity that I knew nothing of these plans.
④She is never completely sincere ________ what she says about people.
⑤I was impressed by her ________ (sincere) so deeply at that time that I decided to make friends with her.

►第二版块|重点短语
1．run out 用完；耗尽
run out of 用完，耗尽
run out of steam 失去动力；精疲力竭
[词语辨析]run out与run out of
run out是不及物动词词组，不用于被动语态。
run out of是及物词词组，后跟宾语，可用于被动语态。
Her money has run out and she is also running out of her patience.
她的钱已经用完了，她的耐心也快耗尽了。
◎单句语法填空
①Their luck had simply run ________. Still, never fear.
②I have run out ________ patience with her.
◎辨析填空：run out, run out of
③It looks as if oil will ________ faster than coal.
④They'll ________ their daily necessities.2.have sb. doing sth. 让某人一直做某事
He had us laughing all through the meal.
他让我们吃饭时一直笑个不停。
I'll have you speaking English in six months.
我将使你在六个月后会说英语。
[归纳拓展]
(1)have sb. do sth. 让某人做某事，宾语与宾补之间为主动关系。
If anyone happens to drop in while I am out, have him or her leave a message.
如果我外出时碰巧有人来拜访，让他或她留个口信。
(2)have sth. done的两层含义：
①使某事被……(主语有意识的行为，可能是主语自己做，也可能请别人做)。
We have your medicine prepared now.
我们现在已经给你准备好药了。
My computer broke down suddenly, and I will have it repaired.
我的电脑突然坏了，我要找人修修它。
②某人遭遇、经历(不好的事)。
He had his leg broken while skiing.
他滑雪时摔断了腿。
◎单句语法填空
①Can I have the parcel ________ (weigh) here?
②We'd be delighted to have you ________ (work) with us.
③He had me ________ (do) all kinds of jobs for him.
④I have a composition ________ (write), so I can't go skiing.
◎完成句子
⑤Mother ______________________________ (让我把信寄了) at once.
⑥He ______________________________ (手烧伤了) in that big fire.
⑦We ____________________________________ (有很多工作要做).
⑧She won't ____________________________ (让孩子们迟到).

3．break down 停止运转，出故障，坏掉；(计划、和谈等)失败；(精神、身体)垮掉；分解；消除；把……拆分；情不自禁地哭起来
The machine must break down at this busy hour.
正忙的时候，机器偏偏又坏了。
John broke down the washing machine.
约翰拆开了洗衣机。
break away (from)　离开；逃脱；脱离
break in 插嘴；打断；闯入
break into 破门而入；突然开始(笑、唱等)
break off 中断；折断
break out (火灾、战争等)突然爆发
break through 冲破；突破
break up (使)破碎；(使)破裂；解散；散会；(学校)期终放假
◎单句语法填空
①When does your school break ________？
②Peter broke ________ and was unable to work for a year.
③They attempted to break ________ to form an independent state.
④The river broke ________ its banks, and flooded the country for many miles around.
⑤We were discussing our plans, but had to break ________ when the telephone rang.
◎写出句中break down的含义
⑥The washing machine seems to have broken down again.________________
⑦She bad been waiting for Simon to break down the barrier between them.________________
⑧Peter broke down and wept when he saw the deer that he had shot.________________
⑨His plan broke down when it was put into practice because he had not given enough attention to details.________________
⑩When the container is full, you can suck the refreshment out through the tube, and won't have to break down the still every time you need a drink.________________

4.hold on to 紧紧抓住；抓住不放；保留
Hold on to your dreams and one day they may come true.
坚持你的梦想，也许有一天它们会实现。
Jane is determined to hold on to her fortune.
简决心要守住自己的财产。
hold back　　　　隐瞒；退缩；抑制；阻止
hold on 别挂断电话；等会儿；坚持住
hold up 支撑，举起；延迟，阻碍
hold out 伸出(手)；维持，坚持
hold one's breath 屏住呼吸
◎单句语法填空
①The manager asked him to hold ________ while he investigated the accident.
②If there's something you'd like to say, please don't hold ________．
③Music was the one thing I could hold on ________ when things got crazy.
④Traffic on the bridge was held ________ for several hours because of the accident.
⑤Seeing her son again after two years' absence, the mother held ________ her arms to embrace him.

5．as...as sb. can 尽可能……地
Find out as much as you can about him and report back to me.尽量查找有关他的资料，向我汇报。
Esteban had been cycling as hard as he could for hours.埃斯特班已经竭尽全力骑了数小时的车。
as much as you can 尽最大可能地
as soon as you can 尽可能快地(时间)
as fast as you can 尽可能快地
as quick as you can 尽可能快地
as hard as you can 尽可能努力地
[学法点拨]as...as one can可与as...as possible进行同义句转换。
This is all urgent document, so you ought to deliver it as soon as you can/as soon as possible.
这是一份紧急文件，因此你应该尽快寄送出去。
◎完成句子
①He is keen on being promoted ______________________________ (尽快).
②Run ________________ (你尽可能快地) so that you can win first place.
③I hope that I can meet you again as soon as possible.
＝I hope that I can meet you again ____________________________．
④你最好尽快为志愿者工作做好准备。
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

6.protect sb. from/against...保护某人不受……
He realized that it was because there weren't enough trees to protect them from the heat.
他意识到这是因为没有足够的树木来保护它们免受高温的伤害。
You'd better wear a pair of sunglasses to protect your eyes from/against being harmed.
你最好戴一副太阳镜来保护你的眼睛不受伤害。


[误区警示](1)keep...from doing sth.中的from不能省略，因为如果省略，意思会发生变化：keep...doing sth.使……一直做某事。
(2)在被动语态中，keep/stop/prevent...from doing sth.结构中的from都不能省略。
People are kept from communicating with one another.人们被阻止彼此交流。
◎单句语法填空
①We must ________ (protect) against sudden attacks.
②They set up a wildlife reserve to protect animals from ________ (hunt).
③What can we do to prevent these animals ________ (die) out?
④This special cream will protect your skin ________ the burning sun.
⑤We were kept ________ going out by the heavy rain.

7.be made up of由……组成
My diet is made up of meat, fish, vegetables, fruit, water and milk.
我的饮食内容包括肉、鱼、蔬菜、水果、水和牛奶。
make up　　　　构成；编写
make up for 补偿
make out 辨认出；明白，理解
make it 及时到达；取得成功
make the best of 充分利用
make up one's mind 下定决心
make good/full use of 好好/充分利用
◎单句语法填空
①He hadn't been able to make ________ to our dinner.
②Encouraged by my parents, I made ________ my mind to study harder.
③I worked last Saturday, so I have today off, to make up ________ it.
④The course ________ (make) up of 12 two-hour sessions.
⑤If you cannot have the best, make the ________ (good) of what you have.
⑥Looking through the mist, I could make ________ the figure of a woman standing under the street lamp.

►第三版块|典型句式
1．It is a common saying that...俗话说……
It is a common saying that we do not value a thing till we lose it.
俗话说，失去一样东西，我们才知道珍惜。
It is a common saying that the weather in the UK is changeable.
俗话说，英国的天气变化多端。
[归纳拓展]类似的结构：
It is a pity/shame that...　　遗憾的是……
It's no wonder that... 难怪……
It is a great pity that he lost the match.
真遗憾他输了这场比赛。
It is no wonder that you're tired. You've been walking for hours.
难怪你会累。你已经走了几个小时了。
[基础练习]完成句子
①俗话说，身正不怕影子斜。
________________________ a clean hand wants no washing.
②很遗憾你昨晚没有参加晚会。
________________________ you didn't attend the party last night.
③俗话说，得朋友难，失朋友易。
________________________ a friend is easier lost than found.
④真遗憾，亨利没参加足球队员的选拔赛。
________________________ Henry didn't try out for the football team.

2．状语从句的省略
If possible, I wish to go there next summer.
如果可能，我希望明年夏天去那里。
[归纳拓展]
某些句式经过长期发展已成为固定结构：
if possible　　　　　　　如果可能的话
if only 要是……就好了
if any 如果有的话
if ever 如果有过的话
if not 不然的话
if necessary 如有必要
Why not? 为什么不呢？
What if...? 如果……怎么办？
What for? 为了什么？
when/where necessary 必要的时候/地方
[学法点拨]
在时间、条件、让步、方式状语从句中，如果从句主语与主句主语一致或从句主语是it，且从句谓语中含有be动词，可以将从句中的主语和be动词一起省略，构成“连词＋分词/形容词/介词短语/名词”结构。
While (I was) walking in the nearby park, I saw a crowd of people dancing.
当我在附近的公园散步时，我看到一群人在跳舞。
If (it is) heated, water will turn into water vapour.
水如果被加热，就会变成水蒸气。
The flowers his friend gave him will die unless (they are) watered every day.
如果不天天浇水他朋友送给他的花就会枯萎。
She went on working though (she was) tired.
她虽然累了，但仍继续工作。
[基础练习]单句语法填空
①While ________ (wander), I saw the boy painting a panda on the wall.
②When ________ (complete), the museum will be open to the public next year.
③Video games can be a poor influence if ________ (leave) in the wrong hands.
④The air in the factory is seriously polluted. If ________ (breathe) in, it may result in illness or even death.
[能力提升]完成句子
⑤如果有必要我可以早点儿来。
I could come earlier，________________．
⑥我没有生气。如果说我有什么反应的话，那就是我感到有点惊讶。
I'm not angry.________________， I feel a little surprised.
⑦她几乎不会——即使有也很少——单独去看电影。
She seldom, ________________， goes to the movies by herself.
⑧我可能明天去看你。如果不是明天，那就是周六。
I might see you tomorrow.________________， then it'll be Saturday.

3.the＋比较级(＋主语＋谓语)，the＋比较级(＋主语＋谓语)越……，就越……(前者表示条件，后者表示结果)
The more you practice, the better you can understand.
你练习得越多，理解得就越透彻。
The more learnt a man is, the more modest he usually becomes.
一个人越博学，他通常就越谦虚。
[归纳拓展]
“比较级＋and＋比较级”和“more and more＋原级”表示“越来越……”。
When spring comes, the weather gets warmer and warmer.
当春天来临时，天气变得越来越暖和。
Learning becomes more and more difficult as we get older.
随着我们年纪变大，学习变得越来越困难。
[基础练习]单句语法填空
①The ________ (high) the ground is, the thinner the air becomes.
②The harder you study, ________ greater you'll be.
③The flames were growing higher ________ higher.
④As the evening wore on, she became more and more ________ (nerve).

4．be doing...when 正在做……，突然……
They were making a plan about the project when the light went out.
他们正在制订这个工程的计划，突然灯灭了。
The artist was working on his sculpture when his friends came to visit him.
这位艺术家正在做他的雕塑，这时他的朋友们来看望他。
[归纳拓展]
be about to do sth. when...
刚要做某事，突然……
had (just) done sth. when...
刚做完某事就……
be on the point of doing sth. when...
刚要做某事，突然……
The family were about to go out when the postman came.
这家人正要出去，这时邮递员来了。
We had just arrived home when it began to rain.
我们刚到家，这时就开始下雨了。
She was on the point of getting the car started when the telephone rang.
她正要发动汽车，这时电话铃响了。
[基础练习]单句语法填空
①He was measuring the length of the sofa ________ his wife walked in.
②He ________ (walk) in the street when it rained cats and dogs.
③Tom was sleeping sound ________ he heard someone screaming.
④The ship was on the point of setting sail ________ it began to rain.
[能力提升]完成句子
⑤They ________________________ (正在海上看风景，突然) the ship began to sink.
⑥He ________________________ (刚吃完晚饭正要出去，这时) one of his best friends dropped in.
⑦I ________________________ (正要看电视，突然) the power was out.

5．as if引导方式状语从句
I remember the whole thing as if it happened yesterday.
我记得整件事，就好像发生在昨天一样。
The child talked to us as if he were a grown-up.
那个孩子跟我们讲话就像个大人一样。
[归纳拓展]
(1)as if引导方式状语从句时的语气：
as if从句可用陈述语气，但更常用的是as if引导的从句用虚拟语气，表示所述的情况与事实不符。as if从句用虚拟语气时，谓语构成如下：

与现在事实不符
过去式(be用were)
与过去事实不符
had done
与将来事实不符
would/could/might/should＋do
(2)look/seem/feel＋as if引导的表语从句
as if引导的表语从句根据具体情况用陈述语气或虚拟语气。
The black clouds are gathering. It looks as if it is going to rain.乌云正在聚集。看起来好像要下雨了。(陈述语气)
She looks as if she got back to her childhood again.
她看上去似乎又回到了她的童年时代。(虚拟语气)
[基础练习]单句语法填空
①Liu Ming speaks English so well as if he ________ (be) an American.
②They looked as if they ________ (not care).
③He opened his mouth as if ________ (say) something.
④They completely ignore these facts as if they never ________ (exist).
⑤After the rain the corn shot up as if ________ magic.
⑥It looks as if he ________ (not see) food for a week.


【跟踪演练】
Ⅰ.短语汉译英　　
1．火山喷发 ________________
2．对……发表评论 ________________
3．数以百万计的 ________________
4．对……置之不理，对……撒手不管 ________________
5．逃离…… ________________
6．在……边缘；某事快要发生(尤指不好的事) ________________
7．损坏，损害 ________________
8．吸气 ________________
9．用完；耗尽 ________________
10．停止运转，出故障 ________________
11．挤满；充满 ________________
12．对……感到震惊 ________________
13．训斥；告诫 ________________
14．朝……挥手 ________________
15．全心全意地 ________________
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．The hurricane did great damage ________ the crops. What's worse, millions of people were affected.
2．The doctors were conducting an ________ (operate) on the man rescued from the traffic accident.
3．In no way can we measure the ________ (suffer) people went through in the natural disaster.
4．It is our duty to take effective measures to raise people's awareness of wildlife ________ (protect).
5．The gas is harmless if you breathe ________ just a little of it.
6．We should make full ________ (prepare) before the horrible hurricane comes.
7．Seeing the wounded dolphin being carried away by the wave, the girl began to cry ________ (anxious).
8．He worked hard overseas, attempting to achieve his ________ (ambitious) of becoming a millionaire.
9．The explorer didn't survive the ________ (explode), for his food supply finally ran out.
10．The children were all ________ (cheer) when they saw the kangaroos jumping here and there at the wildlife base.
11．He didn't make comments ________ the lecture about ecology.
12．The lecture hall is ________ (crowd) with people who attempt to know more about ecology.
13．We were ________ (shock) to learn that his brother was lost in the volcanic eruption.
14．It is a pity that the kangaroo didn't escape ________ the hunter's shot.
15．Walking alone in the jungle with the horrible sounds around her, the girl was ________ (frighten).
Ⅲ.单句写作
1．这个男孩对生态学的一切都很好奇，在这门学科上无人能及。(be curious about, ecology, have no equal)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
2．这名妇女在吸入过量浓烟之前被从着火的房子里救了出来。(breathe in, rescue...from...)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
3．尽管他们做了充分的准备，印刷机在印刷的过程中还是坏了。(make full preparations, break down, in the process of)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
4．他不愿对那起可怕的事故作任何评论。(make comments on, horrible)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
5．上周末我们去滑雪时，滑雪场挤满了十几岁的孩子。(go skiing, be crowded with)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
6．被困在笼子里的老虎试图逃跑。(be trapped in, make an attempt to do sth., escape from)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
7．这个国家数百万居民受到了火山爆发的影响。(millions of, volcanic eruption)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
8．当她看到那只猫站在高楼边缘时，她被眼前的情景吓坏了。(be frightened at, observe, on the edge of)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
9．我们保护野生动物的资金已经用完了。我们不知道下一步该做什么。(wildlife protection, run out, at a loss)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
10．我们将采取措施减少飓风对这个城市造成的损失。(take measures, do damage to)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________






UNIT 5　HUMANS AND NATURE
基础回顾·自主排查区
核心词汇
1．comment　2.disaster　3.lecture　4.damage　5.measure
6．shock　7.attempt　8.interrupt　9.rescue　10.escape
阅读词汇
1．旱灾，干旱　2.飓风　3.滑坡；塌方　4.漩涡　5.袋鼠
6．档案，卷宗　7.鲸　8.海豚　9.鲨(鱼)　10.野草；海藻　11.鹿
拓展词汇
1．anxious　anxiously　2.conductor　3.lose　4.curiosity
5．harmful　harmless　6.survival　survivor　7.ambitious
8．equally　equality　9.procession　10.frighten　frightened
高频短语
1．turn one's back (on sb./sth.)　2.on the edge of
3．breathe in　4.run out
典型句式
1．how difficult　2.The more　the happier　3.make　to do　4.to work out
核心考点·互动探究区
第一版块|重点单词
1．①with　②in　③Floods　④in　⑤flooded　⑥with
2．①on/about　②without　③on/upon　④comments
3．①in　②crowded　③on/upon　④to crowd　⑤with　⑥into
4．①lectures　②lecturer　③in/on　④being lectured
5．①from　②to　③being hurt　④an　⑤doing　⑥a
6．①from　②on　③was survived　④survivor　⑤survival
7．①about　②curiously　③that　④with　⑤to find　⑥curiosity
8．①to　②equally　③in　④without　⑤pulling
9．①in　②a　③was trapped　④into
10．①in　②at　③to find　④to control　⑤at
11．①to　②is damaged　③damaged　④destroy　⑤ruin　⑥damaged
12．①to　②beyond　③to improve　④measures
⑤measurement　⑥measured
13．①the　②into　③have been processed　④in
⑤to process
14．①with　②was interrupted　③to interrupt
④interrupted
15．①himself　②be conducted　③around　④conducted
16．①protector　②under　③protection　④protective
⑤The　⑥against/from
17．①the nearby police station　②at the nearby supermarket
③opens up nearby
18．①to be　②ambition　③ambitious
19．①cheerfulness　②a　③cheerful　④for　⑤on
20．①proof　②to be　③was proved　④himself　⑤to　⑥that
21．①sincerity　②sincerely　③in　④in　⑤sincerity

第二版块|重点短语
1．①out　②of　③run out　④run out of
2．①weighed　②work　③do　④to write　⑤had me post the letter　⑥had his hand burnt　⑦have a lot of work to do
⑧have the children arriving late
3．①up　②down　③away　④through　⑤off　⑥出故障　⑦消除，打破　⑧(精神)垮掉　⑨(计划)失败　⑩拆分
4．①on　②back　③to　④up　⑤out
5．①as soon as possible　②as fast as you can　③as soon as I can　④You'd better be well prepared for the voluntary job as soon as you can/as soon as possible.
6．①be protected　②being hunted　③dying　④from/against
⑤from
7．①it　②up　③for　④is made　⑤best　⑥out

第三版块|典型句式
1．①It is a common saying that　②It is a great pity that
③It is a common saying that　④It is a great pity that
2．①wandering　②completed　③left　④breathed　⑤if necessary　⑥If anything 　⑦if ever　⑧If not
3．①higher　②the　③and　④nervous
4．①when　②was walking　③when　④when
⑤were enjoying the scenery at sea when
⑥had just finished supper and was about to go out when
⑦was on the point of watching TV when/was about to watch TV when
5．①were　②didn't care　③to say　④existed　⑤by
⑥hadn't seen
跟踪演练·强化提升区
Ⅰ.
1．volcanic eruption　2.make a comment on　3.millions of　4.turn one's back (on sb./sth.)　5.escape from　6.on the edge of　7.do damage to　8.breathe in　9.run out　10.break down　11.be crowded with　12.be shocked at　13.lecture on
14．wave at　15.heart and soul
Ⅱ.
1．to　2.operation　3.suffering　4.protection　5.in
6．preparations　7.anxiously　8.ambition　9.explosion
10．cheerful　11.on　12.crowded　13.shocked　14.from　15.frightened
Ⅲ.
1．The boy is curious about everything about ecology and has no equal in this subject.
2．The woman was rescued from the burning house before she breathed in too much heavy smoke.
3．Though they had made full preparations, the printing machine broke down in the process of printing.
4．He was unwilling to make any comments on the horrible accident.
5．The ski resort was crowded with teenagers when we went skiing last weekend.
6．The tiger which was trapped in the cage made an attempt to escape from it.
7．Millions of residents in this country were affected by the volcanic eruption.
8．She was frightened at the scene when she observed the cat standing on the edge of the high building.
9．Our fund for wildlife protection has run out and we are at a loss what to do next.
10．We'll take measures to reduce the damage the hurricane will do to the city.