高中英语人教版 (2019)必修 第二册Unit 5 Music精品综合训练题

18 Discovering useful structures

【核心词汇】

1．relief n．(焦虑、痛苦的)减轻或消除；(不快过后的)宽慰、轻松或解脱

(教材p.54)．..he found that creating music was a relief and cure for his illness.

……他发现创作音乐是一种对自己疾病的缓解和治疗。

[佳句]

Hearing the news that he had passed the exam, Jack breathed in relief.

 听到考试及格的消息，杰克松了一口气。

2．(教材p.54)cure vt.治愈；治好(疾病)；解决(问题)n.药物；治疗；(解决问题、改善糟糕情况的)措施

[佳句]

Neither its cause nor its cure was understood.

人们既不知道它的病源，也不了解它的治愈方法。

3．absorbed in sth/sb被……吸引住；专心致志

(教材p.54)When he got absorbed in his world of music ...

当他沉浸在他的音乐世界里时……

[佳句]

With the children making so much noise outside, I can't get absorbed in my study.

孩子们在外面吵闹，我无法专心学习。

4．unemployed adj.失业的；待业的

(教材p.54)Dave was unemployed so he had time to consider what job he really wanted.

戴夫失业了，所以他有时间考虑他真正想要的工作。

[佳句]

The problem is that millions of people are unemployed.

问题是大批的人都失业了。

5．impact n．巨大影响；强大作用；冲击力

(教材p.54)Well known as a successful band, the Impact members show quite a few striking qualities.

作为一个成功的乐队，冲击力乐队成员表现出相当多的惊人品质。

　　　 对……产生影响

[佳句]

When I was young, I didn't know much about the harmful impacts of smoking.

在我年轻的时候， 关于吸烟的危害我知道的并不多。

6．aim n．目的；目标 vi.& vt.力求达到；力争做到；瞄准 vt.目的是；旨在

(教材p.54)Filled with team spirit, they act as a whole, always aiming for glory.

拥有团队精神，他们作为一个整体，总是追求荣誉。

[佳句]

As an old saying goes, living without a clear aim is like sailing without a compass.

正如一句老话所说，生活中没有明确的目标就像航海没有指南针一样。

【语法解析】

一、过去分词作表语

1. 过去分词作表语主要表示主语的心理感觉或所处的状态。

After a long run,  you may feel like you ’re in pain,  you may feel tired.

跑一大段距离后, 你或许会感到疼痛, 疲惫。

Jennifer now is married and has three children of her own.

詹尼弗现在结婚了, 并且有了三个孩子。

2. “get + 过去分词”也能用于被动结构和系表结构, 用于被动结构时, 它强调动作的发生; 用于系表结构时, 它强调状态的变化。

I couldn ’t quite believe my luck—it turned out no one got badly hurt.

我简直不敢相信我的运气——没有一个人严重受伤。

 过去分词作表语时与被动语态的区别

　　过去分词作表语时, 强调主语所处的状态; 而动词的被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者, 强调动作。

*The library is now closed.

图书馆现在关闭了。(状态)

*The cup was broken by my little sister yesterday.

昨天我妹妹把杯子打碎了。(动作)

3. 有些过去分词作表语时, 相当于形容词, 且大部分已转化为形容词, 常见的有: delighted, disappointed, discouraged, drunk, amused, astonished, interested, crowded, tired, satisfied, pleased, surprised, worried, excited, married, puzzled等。

*(2020· 天津高考)For people who are interested in sound,  the field of sound technology is definitely making noise. 对于那些对声音感兴趣的人来说, 声音技术行业(领域)肯定就是在制造噪音。

*I am delighted to hear that you will come to China and join me in community service.

我很高兴听说你将要来中国, 加入我的社区服务。

　　充当形容词的动词-ing形式和过去分词的区别: 动词-ing形式一般具有主动意义, 表示“起某种作用”, 多用于说明事物本身的性质、特征及给人的感觉, 常译为“令人……的”; 过去分词一般具有被动意义, 表示“受某种影响”, 多用于形容人的感觉, 常译为“感到……的”。

*We were all encouraged at the encouraging news that COVID-19 had been under control.

我们对于新冠肺炎疫情已经得到控制这个令人鼓舞的消息感到备受鼓舞。

二、过去分词作状语

　　过去分词在句中能作状语修饰谓语动词或整个句子。过去分词在句中作状语时,  可表示时间、原因、条件、方式、伴随、结果、让步等。

1. 原因状语

*Troubled by the great inconvenience,  the old man decided to remove the mountains which blocked the way.

被这一巨大的不便所困扰, 老人决定把挡路的大山移走。

2. 时间状语

*When asked why they skip breakfast,  some students say they think of breakfast as the least important meal of the day. 当被问及为什么不吃早餐时, 一些学生说他们认为早餐是一天当中最不重要的一顿饭。

3. 条件状语

*Given enough time and proper guidance,  the boy is sure to make progress in study. 如果给予足够的时间和适当的指导, 这个孩子在学习上一定会取得进步。

4. 方式或伴随状语

*(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)As requested,  we began to pick strawberries with caution for fear that some plants were destroyed.

按照要求的那样, 我们开始小心地摘草莓, 以免破坏植株。

*Faced with the present situation,  you should respond actively to it.

面对目前的处境, 你应该积极做出反应。

5. 让步状语

过去分词作状语,  表示时间、原因、条件、让步时可转换为相应的状语从句; 表示方式、结果和伴随时可转化为并列分句。

*Given a lot of money,  he lived a better life.

→After he was given a lot of money,  he lived a better life.

给他许多钱后,  他的日子过得好多了。

*The film star got off the train,  surrounded by her fans.

→The film star got off the train and she was surrounded by her fans.

那位电影明星走下火车,  被她的“粉丝”团团围住。

三、过去分词与现在分词作状语的区别

1. 逻辑关系

　　过去分词作状语与现在分词作状语的最主要区别在于: 两者与所修饰的句子主语之间的逻辑关系的区别。

(1)过去分词作状语时, 过去分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系。

*Supported by my parents,  I applied to join the school track team.

得到爸妈的支持, 我申请加入校田径队。

(2)现在分词作状语时, 现在分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的主谓关系。

*Thinking of this,  he felt a little comfortable because he could do something to make up for his mistake.

想起这件事, 他感觉有点舒服, 因为他可以做点事情弥补自己的错误。

(3)部分过去分词来源于系表结构, 作状语时不表示“被动关系”, 其前不用being。常见的这种过去分词及短语有: lost in(陷入某种状态)、seated(坐着的)、hidden(躲着)、lost/absorbed(沉溺于)、 born in(出生于)、dressed in(穿着)、tired of(厌烦了)等。

*Born in a music-loving family, I learned to play the piano as a child.

出生于一个热爱音乐的家庭, 我小时候就学会了弹钢琴。

2. 时间概念

　　过去分词所表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前, 或表示“一种状态”, 与谓语动作同时发生或存在。现在分词的一般式(doing)表示的动作与谓语动作同时发生或在说话时正在进行。

*Written in a hurry, this article was not so good.

因为写得匆忙, 这篇文章不是很好。

*Reading carefully, he found something he hadn ’t known before.

他仔细读书时, 发现了一些从前不知道的东西。

【巧学助记】 分词作状语记忆口诀

分词作状语, 主语是关键。

前后两动作, 共用一主语。

主语找出后, 再来判关系。

主动用-ing, 被动用-ed。

【 知识延伸】

独立主格结构

非谓语动词作状语时, 它的逻辑主语应和句子主语保持一致。但有时非谓语动词带有自己的逻辑主语, 我们称之为独立主格结构, 在句中作状语。

独立主格结构的特点: ①独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子主语不同, 它独立存在; ②独立主格结构中作主语的名词或代词与后面的分词或不定式是逻辑上的主谓或动宾关系; ③独立主格结构一般用逗号与句子隔开。

　　独立主格结构的构成: ①名词/代词+分词; ②名词/代词+不定式; ③with/without+名词/代词+分词/不定式。

*The test finished(=When the test was finished), we began our holiday.

考试结束后, 我们就开始放假了。

*The president assassinated(=Because the president was assassinated), the whole country was in deep sorrow.

总统被暗杀了, 全国上下都沉浸在悲痛之中。

*Weather permitting(=If the weather permits), we are going to visit you tomorrow.

如果天气允许, 我们明天去看你。

*I stood before her with my heart beating fast.

我站在她面前, 心跳得很快。

一、

1.There is a wide ______( various) of patterns to choose from.

2.Modern drugs have made it easier to _______(治疗) a cold or get over the flu.

3.The wallet isn't mine; it must be someone _______. (else)

4.She saw that there was indeed a man immediately behind her; _______, he was observing her strangely.

5.It was you who had me _______(suffer) so much from the experience.

6.It is _______ honour to have been invited to give you a lecture.

7.The aim of the treatment is _______(prevent) the disease from getting worse.

8.Don't relate me _______ the terrible incident; I have nothing to do with it.

答案：

1.variety
解析：考查名词。句意:有种类繁多的图案可供选择。根据a wide可知,此处应填名词单数,即variety。

2.答案：treat

3.答案：else's

4.答案：moreover

5.答案：suffer

6.答案：an

7.答案：to prevent

8.答案：to

二、用方框内所给短语的适当形式填空

1.There's postage and a packing fee _______ the repair charge.

2.You have _______ the entrance examination. In other words, you are admitted to our college.

3.She enjoys _______ new ways of doing things.

4.With his swimming club _______, we could have a place to go swimming.

5._______ he no longer believed in me.

6.A speech contest will take place in our school. Will you _______?

7.I am sure that the meeting of the two presidents will _______ the improvement of relationship between the two countries.

8.I know that you are _______ a period of hard time, but it will come to an end sooner or later.

答案：

1. in addition to      2. got through      3. trying out      4. set up      5. From then on      6. take part      7. have an impact on      8. going through

根据汉语提示, 用本单元的语法完成下列句子, 并组成一篇连贯的短文。

1. 随着新冠肺炎(COVID-19)的扩散, 很多人担心会感染(infect)新冠肺炎。(be/get done)

2. 然而在中国, 无数医生和研究人员努力工作, 旨在控制新冠肺炎疫情(pandemic)。(aimed to do)

3. 受到他们的鼓舞, 我们对未来充满了信心。

4. 面对这种形势, 作为一名高中生, 我们应该努力学习。

　　With COVID-19 spreading,  many people were worried that they might get infected this virus. However,  in China there were many doctors and researchers working hard,  aimed to put the COVID-19 pandemic under control. Inspired by them,  we were confident of our future. Faced with this situation,  as a senior student,  we should study hard.  

Ⅰ.七选五

Music has long been considered to be an enjoyable pastime for many people.   1   The mental health benefits from music can’t be argued. Music could also be helping you with many other health problems behind the scenes.

  2   However, for the same reason, music can be very beneficial if one is in pain. By distracting （分心） the mind from the pain, music, people say, can lower stress and anxiety levels. This, of course, can lead to less pain.

Many people enjoy relaxing music in the evening prior to going to bed.   3   While the validity of the idea is still being assessed, the lowered stress can even be tied back to blood pressure. Similarly, according to researchers, listening to just 30 minutes of soft music every day may help with healthy blood sugar levels, through the lowering of stress and anxiety.

When it comes to heart health, there is speculation （推测） that it’s not the style of music, but rather the tempo that makes it so good for your heart health. In one European study, participants listened to music as the researchers monitored their heart rates and blood pressure.   4   On the other hand, when the music slowed, the participants’ stress and anxiety levels became lower and the effects on heart rates appeared to follow suit.

  5   But there is a whole range of other health issues that turning up the radio could be beneficial to, which is what makes music so valuable.

A. This feeling can also result in many other health problems.

B. Some experts say that music can be harmful if it is too loud.

C. This idea is a little off-the-wall but still has scientific backing.

D. They say it can play a big role in calming the brain enough to sleep.

E. The implications of music on overall well-being are really impressive.

F. It is also highly popular due to the individualized effects on stress and anxiety.

G. Interestingly, the more cheerful the music was, the faster their heart rates were.

1. F

[解析]根据空格后的“The mental health benefits from music can’t be argued.”可知，音乐对心理健康的益处是毋庸置疑的。此处指音乐与健康的关系，F选项中的“由于对压力和焦虑的个性化影响，它也非常受欢迎”符合文意。故选F。

2. B

[解析]根据空格后的“However，for the same reason， music can be very beneficial if one is in pain.”可知，然而，出于同样的原因，当一个人处于痛苦中时，音乐是非常有益的。However表转折，因此空格处为对音乐的负面评价，故B选项“一些专家说，如果声音太大，音乐可能是有害的”符合题意。

3. D

[解析]根据空格前的“Many people enjoy relaxing music in the evening prior to going to bed.”可知，许多人喜欢在晚上睡觉前听些轻松的音乐。D选项“他们说，它在使大脑平静到足以入睡方面发挥着重要作用”符合题意。其中的sleep和原文中的going to bed相呼应。故选D。

4. G

[解析]根据空格前的“In one European study，participants listened to music as the researchers monitored their heart rates and blood pressure.”可知，在欧洲的一项研究中，参与者听音乐，研究人员监测他们的心率和血压，G选项“有趣的是，音乐越欢快，他们的心率就越快”符合题意。其中heart rates和原文的heart rates相照应。故选G。

5. E

[解析]根据空格后的“But there is a whole range of other health issues that turning up the radio could be beneficial to，which is what makes music so valuable.”可知，但是，开着收音机还可以对一系列其他的健康问题有益，这就是音乐如此有价值的原因，因此本段讲的是音乐对身体总的好处。E选项“音乐对整体幸福感的影响确实令人印象深刻”符合题意。故选E。

Ⅱ.完形填空

Nowadays young people in the UK hardly ever go to music shops. In fact, there aren’t many music shops   1  in British high streets and small independent music shops have almost completely disappeared. You could be forgiven（谅解）for  2  that British youngsters are no longer interested in music.  3  , music is still an important part of life for most British people. In a recent survey young people had to imagine what they would  4  if they lived on a desert island and 90 percent of those who  5  chose music first.

The main difference between attitudes to music now and in the past is that lots of young people would  6   the idea of paying for music nowadays.“Music is free,” they say,“and you can get it from the Internet.” So illegal downloading of music is  7  according to the survey, saying that an average teenager has 800 illegally downloaded songs on his or her MP3 player. Another research hasshown that many teenagers listen to music  8  on their computer hard drive, which contains over 8,000 songs  9  .

So, what does this mean for the bands（乐队）that make their money from the  10  of their music. In the past, bands could make some money from T-shirts, CDs and posters but now they need to be more creative. Some of the big names in British music are  11  some interesting ways to make money. For example, you can choose a Gorillaz lamp if you want to brighten up your bedroom. You can  12  dry your Coldplay cups with a Supergrass branded tea towel while listening to music.

If you are thinking of  13  your own band, you have to go to your audience to make yourself known. It is more difficult for bands that are just starting out in the music business to make money but easier for them to find  14  . UKbands is a site devoted to new music, and it gives bands a chance to  15  their music across the web. So dig out your guitar and maybe you could be an Internet star.

1. ( A )

A. left

B. existed

C. opening

D. missing

[解析]根据small independent music shops have almost completely disappeared可知，独立的小型音乐商店几乎消失，街上留存的音乐商店也不多。leave离开，留下;exist存在;open打开;miss错过。故选A。

2. ( A )

A. thinking

B. wondering

C. questioning

D. doubting

[解析]根据Nowadays young people in the UK hardly ever go to music shops.可知，你会认为英国年轻人不再对音乐感兴趣。think认为;wonder想知道;question提问;doubt怀疑。故选A。

3. ( C )

A. Anyhow

B. Besides

C. Actually

D. Somehow

[解析]根据语境可知，你会认为英国年轻人对音乐不再感兴趣，但事实不是这样。anyhow无论如何;besides另外;actually实际上；somehow不知怎么地。故选C。

4. ( D )

A. believe

B. imagine

C. remember

D. miss

[解析]根据if they lived on a desert island可知，如果他们住在荒岛会想念什么。believe 相信;imagine 想象;remember 记得;miss想念。故选D。

5. ( B )

A. took control

B. took part

C. took charge

D. took action

[解析]根据语境可知，参加调查的人中百分之九十的人首先选择音乐。take control 掌控;take part 参加;take charge掌管;take action 采取行动。故选B。

6. ( A )

A. laugh at

B. puzzle over

C. be curious about

D. be upset about

[解析]根据“Music is free,” they say,“and you can get it from the Internet.”可知，网上的音乐是免费的，而音乐商店还要付钱买音乐，年轻人觉得好笑。laugh at 嘲笑;puzzle over苦苦思索;be curious about对……好奇;be upset about对……感到不安。故选A。

7. ( D )

A. harmful

B. appropriate

C. unusual

D. widespread

[解析]根据上下文可知，非法下载音乐很普遍。harmful 有害的;appropriate 合适的;unusual 不寻常的;widespread广泛的，普遍的。故选D。

8. ( C )

A. hidden

B. reserved

C. saved

D. included

[解析]根据on their computer hard drive可知，另一个研究表明很多青少年硬盘里平均储存有八千多首音乐。此处指储存在硬盘里的音乐。hide隐藏;reserve保留;save节省，储存;include包括。故选C。

9. ( A )

A. on average

B. in general

C. as usual

D. above all

[解析]根据contains over 8,000 songs可知，此处指平均储存八千多首音乐。on average 平均;in general一般来说;as usual像平常一样;above all最重要的是。故选A。

10. ( B )

A. share

B. sale

C. service

D. supply

[解析]根据下文In the past, bands could make some money from T-shirts, CDs and posters but now they need to be more creative.可知，乐队要靠出售音乐来赚钱。share 分享;sale 出售;service服务;supply 供应量。故选B。

11. ( D )

A. improving

B. gaining

C. offering

D. trying

[解析]根据For example, you can choose a Gorillaz lamp if you want to brighten up your bedroom. 可知，一些英国音乐界的大牌明星在尝试一些有趣的方式来赚钱。improve提高；gain获得；offer提供；try尝试。故选D。

12. ( C )

A. still

B. ever

C. even

D. nearly

[解析]根据内容可知，本句与上一句为递进关系，用“even”更符合语境。still 仍然;ever 曾经;even 甚至;nearly 几乎。故选C。

13. ( B )

A. developing

B. starting

C. beginning

D. making

[解析]根据you have to go to your audience to make yourself known可知，让观众们认识你是开创乐队必须做的事情。develop发展;start开始，创办;begin开始;make制造。故选B。

14. ( D )

A. friends

B. publishers

C. teens

D. fans

[解析]对于刚开始音乐商业的乐队来说赚钱更难，但是找到粉丝更容易一些。friend朋友;publisher出版商;teen青少年;fan迷，狂热爱好者。故选D。

15. ( C )

A. exchange

B. sell

C. share

D. enjoy

[解析]根据their music across the web 可知，是在网上分享音乐。exchange交换;sell 卖出；share 分享；enjoy 享受。故选C。