高中Unit 1 Teenage life精品复习练习题

06 Discovering useful structures

【核心词汇】

survival n.生存；幸存；幸存事物

(教材p.17)We'll learn survival skills.

我们将要学习生存技能。

[佳句]　Much to our joy, all of the 20 people were able to survive the fire, which brought great comfort to their families.

使我们非常高兴的是，20个人全部在火灾中幸免于难，这给他们的家人带来了巨大的宽慰。

[练透]　单句语法填空

①How does the family survive on such a small monthly wage?

②As far as I know, the old lady survived her husband by 5 years.

③If he couldn't find his way out of the forest, there would be little chance of survival (survive).

[写美]　句式升级

④After she had survived that night, she was confident that everything else would be all right.

→Having survived that night, she was confident that everything else would be all right.(分词作状语)

[点津]　survive 表示“幸免于难”时，是及物动词，其后不需要加介词in或from。

【语法解析】

1．Going from junior high school to senior high school is a really big challenge.

2．The first week was a little confusing.

3．First, I had to think very carefully about which courses I wanted to take.

4．My adviser recommended that I should sign up for advanced literature because I like English and I'm good at it.

5．The main purpose of the course is to help improve each student's reading ability.

[我的发现]

(1)句1中名词短语a really big challenge在句中作表语；

(2)句2中形容词短语a little confusing在句中作表语；

(3)句3中副词短语very carefully在句中作状语；

(4)句4中名词短语advanced literature在句中作宾语；

(5)句5中名词短语the main purpose of the course在句中作主语。

一、名词短语(Noun Phrase或NP)

英语中，短语有很多种类型，其中名词短语最为重要，它是英语造句中不可或缺的元素。

1．定义：名词与它的修饰语一起构成的短语。

2．句法功能

(1)名词短语在句中充当主语。

These red roses are for you.

这些红玫瑰是送给你的。

(2)名词短语在句中充当宾语。

I have three close friends.

我有三个要好的朋友。

(3)名词短语在句中充当表语。

He is my best friend.

他是我最好的朋友。

(4)名词短语在句中充当宾语补足语。

We consider him a good teacher.

我们认为他是一位好老师。

[即时演练一]　写出下列句子中画线的名词短语在句中所作的句子成分，并注意其组成。

①These ideas may seem strange to you. 作主语

②We love our great motherland very much. 作宾语

③The man wearing a black coat is our teacher. 作表语

④Those beautiful flowers come from Yunnan. 作主语

⑤We made him capital of our team. 作宾语补足语

⑥He got three gold medals at the 23rd Olympic Games. 作宾语

⑦The tall building was built last year. 作主语

[点津]

(1)名词短语在句中作名词用，一般用作主语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语等。

(2)名词短语由“(限定词)＋(数词、形容词、形容词短语、描述性名词)＋名词＋(介词短语)”组成。

(3)限定词包括冠词(a，an，the)、指示代词(this，that，these，those等)、形容词性物主代词(my，your，his，her，our，their，its等)和不定代词(some，no，neither，both等)。

二、形容词短语(Adjective Phrase或AdjP)

1．定义：由几个形容词或形容词及其修饰语构成的短语。

2．组成

(1)两个或多个形容词由and或but等连接构成形容词短语。

Your room is large and beautiful.

你的房间又大又漂亮。

(2)very等程度副词作修饰语，可与形容词构成形容词短语。

It is very hot today.

今天很热。

(3)介词及其宾语可用在形容词后修饰形容词，可与形容词构成形容词短语。

I am sure of success.

我确信会成功。

(4)不定式在形容词后作修饰语，可与形容词构成形容词短语。

He is sure to come.他一定会来。

[即时演练二]　写出下列句子中的形容词短语

①He is young but clever. young but clever

②The room was very dirty. very dirty

③The road is long enough. long enough

④The bottle is full of water. full of water

⑤She is a girl lively and lovely. lively and lovely

3．句法功能

(1)作表语

The bridge is long and wide.

这座桥又长又宽。

(2)作宾语补足语

I think your answer correct and proper.

我认为你的答案正确且恰当。

(3)用在名词的前面或后面作定语。

We have a small but beautiful room.

我们有一个漂亮的小房间。

He is a worker worthy of praise.

他是一个值得表扬的工人。

[即时演练三]　写出下列句子中画线的形容词短语在句中所作的句子成分，并注意其组成。

①The air today is nice and clean． 作表语

②He found the film very interesting. 作宾语补足语

③This is a subject worthy of careful study. 作定语

④Our English teacher is very nice and patient. 作表语

⑤I found it very hard to get along with foreigners. 作宾语补足语

[点津]

(1)形容词短语在句中当作形容词用，可以修饰名词或代词，还可以用作定语、表语或宾语补足语。

(2)形容词短语由“(副词)＋形容词＋(介词短语)”组成。

三、副词短语(Adverb Phrase或AdvP)

1．定义：由几个副词或副词及其修饰语构成的短语。

2．组成

(1)两个或多个副词可以由and或but等连接构成副词短语。

I tried again and again.

我试了一遍又一遍。

(2)very, extremely等程度副词作修饰语，可以与其他副词构成副词短语。

He runs extremely fast.

他跑得快极了。

(3)介词及其宾语可用在副词后修饰副词，可与副词构成副词短语。

He went on studying deep into the night yesterday.

昨天他一直学习到深夜。

[即时演练四]　写出下列句子中的副词短语

①She types quickly and correctly.quickly and correctly

②He can finish that much quicker.much quicker

③The teacher speaks clearly enough.clearly enough

3．句法功能：副词短语在句中主要用作状语，修饰动词、形容词或副词。

I warned him again and again.

我一再警告他。(副词短语again and again修饰warned)

Don't talk so loudly.

别大声喧哗。(副词短语so loudly修饰talk)

[即时演练五]　写出下列句子中画线的副词短语在句中所作的句子成分及修饰成分，并注意其组成。

①He ran very quickly yesterday. 修饰动词；作状语

②I am much too pleased to see you. 修饰形容词；作状语

③She plays well enough as a beginner. 修饰动词；作状语

④He worked much more carefully on the new design. 修饰副词；作状语

[点津]

(1)副词短语在句中作副词用，可以修饰动词、形容词或副词，作状语。

(2)副词短语由“(副词)＋副词”组成。

1.①a ②big ③with a beautiful garden ④such ⑤house

He lives in  __________ __________ __________ __________ __________.

2.①than ②more ③important ④much

The task is  __________ __________ __________ __________  ever.

3.①beautiful ②the ③of our school ④campus

Look! This is  __________ __________ __________ __________.

4.①of ②afraid ③dog ④the

She doesn't dare to go out alone at night, because she is  __________ __________ __________ __________.

5.①and ②beautiful ③a ④generous ⑤really

She is  __________ __________ __________ __________ __________  girl.

6.He told me a funny story.(属于__________;在句中作__________)

7.She speaks English very fluently.(属于__________;在句中作__________)

8.Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United States.(属于__________;在句中作__________)

9.    Christopher Reeve ①_____(star) in four Superman films from 1978 to 1987. He spent his spare time ②_____ (visit) sick children in hospitals and doing many other good things, and soon gained a big reputation. ③_____, while he was riding a horse, he fell off the horse and broke his neck. Due to the support of his wife, family and ④_____ (friend), he found the will to live again. In order to recover ⑤_____ (quick), he engaged in a range of exercises designed ⑥_____ (rebuild) muscle. Shortly after, he managed to return ⑦_____ his film career. ⑧_____ (he) positive attitude inspired many people ⑨ were stuck in illness. He will ⑩_____ (remember) as a superhero forever.

答案：

1.答案：④①②⑤③

2.答案：④②③①

3.答案：②①④③

4.答案：②①④③

5.答案：⑤③②①④

6.答案：名词短语；直接宾语

7.答案：副词短语；状语

8.答案：名词短语；表语

9.答案： starred; visiting; However; friends; quickly; to rebuild; to; His; who/ that; be remembered

解析：①考查一般过去时。句意：从1978年到1987年，克里斯托弗•里夫主演了四部《超人》电影。时间状语是一个过去的时间段，所以此处用一般过去时。

②考查动名词。句意:他利用业余时间去医院看望患病儿童以及做许多其他好事。spend time in doing sth.为固定搭配，故填visiting。

③考查副词。句意：然而，他在骑马时从马上坠落，摔断了脖子。前后句之间是转折关系，因此用However。

④考查名词复数。句意：由于他的妻子、家人和朋友的支持，他找到了重新生活的意愿。他的朋友不止一个人，且空前无限定词，因此应填复数形式friends。

⑤考查副词。句意:为了快速恢复，他参加了一系列为重建肌肉而设计的锻炼。设空处修饰动词recover,因此用副词形式quickly。

⑥考查不定式。这些锻炼的设计是为了重建肌肉。此处表示目的应用不定式。

⑦考查介词。句意：不久之后，他设法回到了他的电影事业。return to回到……。

⑧考查代词。句意:他的积极的态度鼓舞了很多疾病缠身的人。修饰名词用形容词性物主代词，故填His。

⑨考查定语从句。句意:他的积极的态度鼓舞了很多疾病缠身的人。设空处引导定语从句修饰先行词people,且在从句中作主语，故用who或that。

⑩考查被动语态。句意:他将永远被铭记，作为一个超级英雄。主语和remember之间是被动关系，因此用被动语态，由前面的will可知，此处应填be remembered。

Ⅰ.写出画线部分属于什么短语及其在句中所作成分

1．He is my_best_friend.(属于________；在句中作________)

2．The bottle is full_of_water.(属于________；在句中作________)

3．He is a very_careful worker.(属于________；在句中作________)

4．The_yellow_house is for sale.(属于________；在句中作________)

5．We consider him a_good_teacher.(属于________；在句中作________)

6．I find the problem really_confusing.(属于________；在句中作________)

7．Much_interested, he agreed to give it a try.(属于________；在句中作________)

8．I need some_interesting_Chinese_story_books.(属于________；在句中作________)

9．Paul doesn’t have to be made to learn.He always works very_hard.(属于________；在句中作________)

10．Harvard University is one_of_the_most_famous_universities_in_the_United_States.(属于________；在句中作________)

【答案】1.名词短语；表语　2.形容词短语；表语3．形容词短语；定语　4.名词短语；主语　5.名词短语；宾语补足语　6.形容词短语；宾语补足语　7.形容词短语；状语　8.名词短语；宾语　9.副词短语；状语10．名词短语；表语

Ⅱ.单句语法填空

1．He can speak several languages ______(expert), so he feels very proud.

2．If you want to be an explorer, you must be ______(adventure)．

3．She does well ______ maths, so I often turn to her for help in maths.

4．What is important in learning English is that you should practise ______ (use) it very often.

5．I have been learning English for eleven years but my ______ (speak) English is poor.

6．When we show respect for others, we win the respect of them at ______ same time.

7．In my ______(young), my ambition had been to be an inventor.

8．Over fifty boys came to try out ______ the football team.

9．I have to wash all the ______(plate) and things after meals.

10．Since you have prepared well, let’s get ______ (start) now.

【答案】1.expertly　2.adventurous　3.in　4.using  5．spoken　6.the　7.youth　8.for　9.plates

10．started

Ⅰ.阅读理解

Returns & Refund Guarantee

The “Returns & Refund Guarantee” is a promise provided by sellers for every item they sell on DHgate.com.When you receive an item that was bought and paid for on our site, and you find it is not as described or is of low quality, you can contact the seller to resolve these problems.DHgate will offer additional assistance if the seller is not cooperative.

Scope

The following points should not be included in the “Returns & Refund Guarantee”：

▲The seller didn’t make any promise.

▲The seller can provide evidence to prove the items are as described.

▲You didn’t contact the seller within the promised time.

▲You have released the payment to the seller before asking DHgate for help.

Sellers are able to set up the following promises：

Returning items for any reason

Buyers can return items for a refund within a specific date which has been set up by sellers, such as 3 days, and 7 days from the day when the items are received.The items’ receiving date is the date that is indicated on the shipping carrier’s official website.Buyers should prepay any return shipping cost, which will be given back to the buyers after the seller receives the items as long as the items are returned in the same exact condition as when they were delivered.

Returns or Refunds accepted if the product has quality issues.

Buyers can return the items for a refund when they are not as described or possess quality issues by communicating directly with the seller.The seller is responsible for the return shipping cost.

Buyers can get a refund and keep the items when the items are not as described or possess quality issues by negotiating directly with sellers.

(　　)1.Who can get additional assistance from DHgate in the guarantee?

A．The buyers in physical stores.

B．The buyers on DHgate.com.

C．The sellers on DHgate.com.

D．Both the buyers and the sellers.

(　　)2.Which situation is within the scope of the guarantee?

A．The seller didn’t make any promise.

B．The buyer has paid the seller in advance.

C．The buyer asked for help within the promised time.

D．The seller proves that there is nothing wrong with the item.

(　　)3.Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

A．Not all the sellers make promises.

B．DHgate sometimes will pay the buyers.

C．Sellers should prepay return shipping cost.

D．The buyer can’t keep the items after getting a refund.

【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了DHgate上的“退货和退款保证”。

1．B　细节理解题。根据题干中的关键词“additional assistance”定位到第一段尾句。依据此句可知，如果卖方不合作，DHgate将给买方提供额外的协助。故选B。

2．C　细节理解题。依据Scope部分中的“You didn’t contact the seller within the promised time.”可知，与此情况相反时是在保证范围内的，即买家在承诺期限内求助是可以享受保证服务的。故选C。

3．A　细节理解题。根据Scope部分中的第一条“The seller didn’t make any promise”可知，卖方没有做出承诺时不包括在退货退款保证范围内，据此可推知，不是所有卖方都做出承诺。故选A。

★阅读加油站

return v．/n.退货　refund v．/n.退款

shipping cost 邮费　contact v．/n.联系

When you receive an item that was bought and paid for on our site, and you find it is not as described or is of low quality, you can contact the seller to resolve these problems.

当您收到在我们网站上购买并付款的商品时，发现与描述不符或质量低劣时，您可以联系卖家解决这些问题。

Ⅱ.用所学名词短语、形容词短语和副词短语的知识扩展画线部分

Dear Jason，

I’m happy to hear from you and know about London.Now I’d like to tell you something about Quanzhou.

Quanzhou is a_place for people to live in.Its economy has been developing during the past ten years.New bridges and roads have been built, with buildings standing in many parts of the city.Schools_and_hospitals are useful for people.It is developing into a_city.But there are still some problems, such as heavy traffic in rush hours and air_pollution, which have an_effect on people’s life.I think Quanzhou should develop, so that we could have a_hometown in future.

________________________________________________________________________

One possible version：

Dear Jason，

I’m very/quite_happy to hear from you and know about your_beautiful_home_city_London.Now I’d like to tell you something about my_hometown_Quanzhou.

Quanzhou is a_beautiful_place for people to live in.Its economy has been developing_fast during the past ten years.New bridges and roads have been built, with tall_buildings standing in many parts of the city.Many_schools_and_hospitals are useful for the_native/local_people.It is developing into a_beautiful_and_modern_city.But there are still some problems, such as heavy traffic in rush hours and serious_air_pollution, which have a_bad_effect on people’s daily_life.I think Quanzhou should develop_healthily, so that we could have a_better_hometown in future.