2024版高考英语一轮总复习课时质量评价10Unit4HistoryandTraditions新人教版必修第二册

课时质量评价(十)

必修第二册　UNIT 4

主题语境：重大政治、历史事件，文化渊源

Ⅰ．阅读理解

A

(2023·珠海模拟)An individual from an unknown hominid (原始人类) species walked across a field of wet, volcanic ash in what is now East Africa around 3.66 million years ago, leaving behind a handful of footprints．

Those five ancient footprints, largely ignored since they were partly unearthed at Tanzania's Laetoli site in 1976, show features of upright walking by a hominid, a new study finds．Researchers had previously considered them hard to classify, possibly produced by a young bear that took a few steps while standing．But the latest analysis refutes that suggestion．

McNutt, DeSilva, who started the new investigation as a Dartmouth College graduate student, and their colleagues fully dug out and cleaned the five Laetoli footprints in June 2019．Then they measured, photographed and 3­D scanned the ancient tracks．McNutt's group focused on two footprints that were particularly well­preserved．Foot shapes, sizes, and walking characteristics of the Laetoli individual differed in various ways from those of other hominid individuals at the same site．The prints also didn't match those from modern black bears and modern chimps (黑猩猩) walking upright．

The Laetoli individual possessed a wider, more chimplike foot than humans, the researchers say．Its big toe stuck out slightly from the second toe (脚趾), but not to the degree observed in chimps．On one step, the Laetoli individual's left leg crossed in front of the right leg, leaving a left footprint directly in front of the previous track．People may cross­step in this way when trying to regain balance．And bears and chimps assume a relatively wide standing due to knee and other bone arrangements that prevent them from walking like the Laetoli individual and probably from cross­stepping, the scientists say．

Given that only two of the ancient footprints are complete enough to analyse thoroughly, the possibility that a chimp other than a hominid made the Laetoli footprints can't be ruled out, says William Harcourt Smith, a scientist at Lehman College．But evidence of cross­stepping is enough to prove that it was a hominid track maker, he says．

1．What does the underlined word “refutes”in Paragraph 2 mean?

A．Objects to．　　　 B．Supports．

C．Puts forward．    D．Criticises．

2．Why do researchers think the footprints were unlike those of bears or chimps?

A．They are less chimplike．

B．They have toes sticking out．

C．They show relatively wide standing．

D．They possess features of cross­stepping．

3．What does William think of the new research finding?

A．It's convincing．

B．It's challenging．

C．It's confusing．

D．It's conflicting．

4．What is the purpose of the text?

A．To describe a major event．

B．To share a new discovery．

C．To introduce an unknown species．

D．To settle a huge disagreement．

B

(2022·郴州一模)A child's tooth discovered from a French cave has revealed the earliest evidence of humans — Homo sapiens (智人) — living in western Europe．The discovery of the molar from Grotte Mandrin in southern France, along with hundreds of stone tools dating back about 54，000 years ago, suggests that early humans lived in Europe about 10，000 years earlier than archaeologists had previously thought．

What's more, the Homo sapiens' tooth was sandwiched between layers of Neanderthal remains, showing that the two groups of humans coexisted in the region．These findings challenge the opinion that the arrival of Homo sapiens in Europe caused the extinction of Neanderthals, who lived in Europe and parts of Asia for about 300，000 years before disappearing．

“We've often thought that the arrival of modern humans in Europe led to the pretty rapid death of Neanderthals, but this new evidence suggests that both the appearance of modern humans in Europe and disappearance of Neanderthals is much more complex than that，”said study coauthor Chris Stringer, a professor and research leader in human evolution at the Natural History Museum in London．

It's the first time archaeologists have found evidence of alternating (交替) groups of Homo sapiens and Neanderthals living in the same place, and they took turns rapidly, even abruptly, at least twice, according to the study that published in the journal ScienceAdvances on Wednesday．Previously, the arrival of early humans in Europe was dated to between 43，000 and 45，000 years ago, according to remains found in Italy and Bulgaria — not long before the last surviving Neanderthal remains dating back 40，000 to 42，000 years ago were found．Humans and Neanderthals, who we know from genetic analysis encountered one another and had babies, resulting in Neanderthal traces in our DNA, overlapped (重叠) for a much longer period in Europe, this study suggests．

5．What does the underlined word “molar”mean?

A．Cave．    B．Tooth．

C．Stone．    D．Human．

6．What's the previous opinion about Neanderthals?

A．Neanderthals could date back to 300，000 years ago．

B．Neanderthals once lived in Europe and Africa．

C．Homo sapiens and Neanderthals once lived together．

D．Homo sapiens led to the disappearance of Neanderthals．

7．What can be inferred from Chris Stringer's words?

A．People should analyse the loss of Neanderthals carefully．

B．Modern humans in Europe led to the death of Neanderthals．

C．Homo sapiens in Europe made Neanderthals extinct．

D．The new evidence shows the process of human evolution．

8．What can we learn about Homo sapiens and Neanderthals from the last paragraph?

A．They lived in the same place at the same time．

B．They treated each other as the enemies．

C．They had some sort of complicated relations．

D．They lived in Italy and Bulgaria 40，000 to 42，000 years ago．

Ⅱ．应用文写作

(2022·温州一模)假定你是李华，即将参加学校举办的“用英语讲好中国故事”英语演讲比赛。命题演讲环节要求你介绍一道中国美食。请你写一篇演讲稿。内容包括：

1．菜品介绍；

2．制作过程。

注意：1．词数80左右；

2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

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课时质量评价(十)

Ⅰ．A

【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项新的研究发现，研究人员发现五个古代脚印显示出原始人直立行走的特征。

1．A　词义猜测题。根据画线单词上句“Researchers had previously considered them hard to classify, possibly produced by a young bear that took a few steps while standing．”可知，上文介绍了研究人员对脚印来源的推测，他们认为脚印可能是由一只站着走了几步的小熊产生的，再结合画线单词所在句中的转折连词“But”可知，上下文为转折关系，且根据第三段中的“The prints also didn't match those from modern black bears and modern chimps (黑猩猩) walking upright．”可知，研究证明这些脚印与现代黑熊的脚印不匹配，由此可知，画线单词所在句指的是“但最新的分析驳斥了这一说法”，“Objects to”意为“反对，不赞成”，能够表达画线单词在句中所要表达的意思。故选A。

2．D　推理判断题。根据第四段中的“On one step, the Laetoli individual's left leg crossed in front of the right leg, leaving a left footprint directly in front of the previous track．People may cross­step in this way when trying to regain balance．And bears and chimps assume a relatively wide standing due to knee and other bone arrangements that prevent them from walking like the Laetoli individual and probably from cross­stepping, the scientists say．”可知，这些脚印呈现出人们试图恢复平衡时所进行的交叉步行走，而熊和黑猩猩无法交叉步行走，因此，研究人员认为这些脚印不同于熊或黑猩猩的脚印，由此可知，研究人员认为这些脚印不同于熊或黑猩猩的脚印是因为这些脚印具有交叉步的特点。故选D。

3．A　推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Those five ancient footprints, largely ignored since they were partly unearthed at Tanzania's Laetoli site in 1976, show features of upright walking by a hominid, a new study finds．”可知，新的研究发现，这五个古代脚印显示出原始人直立行走的特征；再结合最后一段中的“But evidence of cross­stepping is enough to prove that it was a hominid track maker, he says．”可知，威廉认为交叉步的证据足以证明五个古代脚印是原始人直立行走留下的足迹，由此可知，威廉认为新的研究发现是很有说服力的。故选A。

4．B　写作意图题。通读全文，根据第二段中的“Those five ancient footprints, largely ignored since they were partly unearthed at Tanzania's Laetoli site in 1976, show features of upright walking by a hominid, a new study finds．”可知，文章主要介绍了一项新的研究发现，研究人员发现五个古代脚印显示出原始人直立行走的特征，由此可知，这篇文章的写作目的是分享一个新发现。故选B。

B

【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了新的发现表明智人的到来并未直接导致尼安德特人的消失，智人和尼安德特人有某种复杂的关系。

5．B　词义猜测题。根据画线单词上文“A child's tooth discovered from a French cave has revealed the earliest evidence of humans — Homo sapiens (智人) — living in western Europe．”可知，从法国的洞穴发现的是一颗儿童牙齿，由此推知，下文中的molar指的就是这颗牙齿，“Tooth”意为“牙齿”，能够表达画线单词在句中所要表达的意思。故选B。

6．D　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“These findings challenge the opinion that the arrival of Homo sapiens in Europe caused the extinction of Neanderthals, who lived in Europe and parts of Asia for about 300，000 years before disappearing．”可知，以前的观点是智人在欧洲的到来导致尼安德特人灭绝。故选D。

7．A　推理判断题。根据第三段的内容可知，克里斯·斯特林格表示，新证据表明，现代人在欧洲的出现和尼安德特人的消失都要比我们认为的复杂得多，所以，从克里斯·斯特林格的话中可以推断出人们应该仔细分析尼安德特人的消失。故选A。

8．C　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Humans and Neanderthals, who we know from genetic analysis encountered one another and had babies, resulting in Neanderthal traces in our DNA, overlapped (重叠) for a much longer period in Europe, this study suggests．”可知，我们从基因分析中了解到人类和尼安德特人彼此相遇并生了孩子，这导致我们DNA中的尼安德特痕迹，由此可推断出，智人和尼安德特人有某种复杂的关系。故选C。

Ⅱ．【参考范文】

Dumplings are traditional Chinese food．On the lunar New Year's Day, most families make a lot of delicious dumplings．It's easy to make them．The first step is to mix the flour with water and make wrappers．When the wrappers are done, it's time to prepare the filling．Usually we use meat and some vegetables for filling．When all these preparations are done, we can start making dumplings．First put a spoonful of filling in the centre of the wrapper．Then stick the two opposite sides together and then the rest．We can eat them after boiling them in the water．They taste so delicious that almost everyone likes them．