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人教版高考英语一轮总复习课时质量评价10 必修第二册 UNIT 4 HISTORY AND TRADITIONS含答案
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这是一份人教版高考英语一轮总复习课时质量评价10 必修第二册 UNIT 4 HISTORY AND TRADITIONS含答案，共12页。试卷主要包含了 n 考查固定搭配， where 考查定语从句， gradually 考查副词， a 考查冠词， evident 考查形容词等内容，欢迎下载使用。
A组·基础巩固
Ⅰ. 语法填空
A
A teahuse is a special huse which primarily serves tea and ther light refreshments (茶点). Its functin varies widely depending 1. ________ the culture. In China, a teahuse is a place 2. ________ peple gather t enjy tea, chat and scialise. It 3. ________ (cnsider) as a symbl f Chinese tea culture and peple's leisure lives.
Chinese teahuses enjy a lngstanding histry. They develped frm tea 4. ________ (stand) in the Western Jin dynasty, tk shape in the Tang dynasty, develped 5. ________ (gradual) in the Sng, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties and became bming in mdern times.
In the Sng dynasty, teahuses existed all ver cities and villages, 6. ________ a rate cmparable with that f restaurants. The wners preferred t decrate their teahuses with paintings f celebrities and rare and precius plants 7. ________ (attract) custmers. In the Ming and Qing dynasties, the number f teahuses went beynd that f restaurants, gaining mre 8. ________ (ppular) and becming mre famus. Later, the acculturatin(文化移入) f western culture frced traditinal Chinese teahuses t take n 9. ________ new lk. After refrm and peningup, with the rapid develpment f the ecnmy and 10. ________ (evidence) imprvement f peple's living standards, teahuses flwered in China.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国茶馆的作用及其发展历程。
1. n 考查固定搭配。depend n意为“取决于”，是固定搭配。
2. where 考查定语从句。空处引导定语从句，先行词为a place，并结合句子成分可知，空处在从句中作地点状语，故填where。
3. is cnsidered 考查动词的时态和语态。空处与主语It为被动关系，且此处为客观性描述，故用一般现在时的被动语态。
4. stands 考查名词的单复数。分析句子成分可知，stand在此用作名词，意为“货摊，售货亭”，且此处表示不止一个货摊，故要用名词复数形式。
5. gradually 考查副词。修饰动词develped要用副词gradually。
6. at 考查介词。此处表示茶馆的分布率可与饭馆相比。at a rate为固定搭配，意为“以……速度/比率”。
7. t attract 考查非谓语动词。此处用动词不定式作目的状语，表示该句中的“decrate their teahuses with ... plants”的目的，故填t attract。
8. ppularity 考查词性转换。gain意为“获得”，为及物动词，后接名词作宾语，故填ppularity。
9. a 考查冠词。此处初次提到“lk”(样子)这个词，且new以辅音音素开头，故用a。take n a new lk意为“呈现新面貌”。
10. evident 考查形容词。修饰名词imprvement要用形容词，故填evident“明显的”。
B
Why des autumn have tw names? Accrding t MerriamWebster, “autumn” appeared first in English in the 1300s, cming frm the Latin wrd “autumnus”. “Autumn” caught n quickly, likely because it replaced the 1. ________ (rigin) name — “harvest”. As yu might imagine, when crps were cllected frm the fields, calling the seasn “harvest” might make peple 2. ________ (cnfuse) because “harvest” is als the name fr the act 3. ________ (it)．
S “autumn” appeared instead f “harvest”. Then the term, “autumn”， 4. ________ was referred t the seasn between summer and winter, lasted fr a cuple f 5. ________ (century)．
“Fall” as a name fr the seasn came abut smetime in the 1500s, a shrtened versin f the very petic phrase fr “the fall f leaves”. The English phrase had true meaning f the seasn withut leading 6. ________ any cnfusin. Nt even a century later, the phrase became a simple wrd: fall.
Arund this same time, the English language was travelling acrss the glbe as Britain expanded, and it was 7. ________ (g) thrugh sme changes, as many languages did. This was 8. ________(particular) true in the American clnies (殖民地).Sme English wrds changed in the US, whether in terms f spelling 9. ________ in terms f general usage. In the mid1800s, British and American English speakers further develped in different ways and “fall” was the cmmn wrd fr “autumn” in the US, while “autumn” 10. ________ (regard) as the wrd fr “fall” in England.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。英文中“秋天”有两个名字。文章介绍了这两个名字的由来。
1. riginal 考查词性转换。根据空后的名词“name”可知，此处应该填入形容词riginal“最初的”作定语。故填riginal。
2. cnfused 考查形容词。形容词cnfused修饰人，意为“感到迷惑的”。故填cnfused。
3. itself 考查代词。反身代词itself在此处作“the act”的同位语。故填itself。
4. which 考查定语从句。此处“autumn”作先行词，指物，关系代词which在此处引导非限制性定语从句，且在从句中作主语，that不能引导非限制性定语从句。故填which。
5. centuries 考查名词的单复数。根据空前的a cuple f“几个”，修饰可数名词复数可知应填复数形式。故填centuries。
6. t 考查介词。lead t为固定短语，意为“导致”。故填t。
7. ging 考查非谓语动词。根据语境可知，此句应该用过去进行时。故填ging。
8. particularly 考查副词。副词particularly在此处修饰形容词“true”。particularly true意为“特别真实”。故填particularly。
9. r 考查让步状语从句。分析句子结构可知，“whether in terms f spelling r in terms f general usage”意为“无论是在拼写方面，还是在一般用法方面”。whether ... r意为“无论……还是……”，引导让步状语从句，故填r。
10. was regarded 考查一般过去时态的被动语态。根据上文中的时态，再结合autumn和regard是动宾关系可知，此处应该用一般过去时的被动语态，且主语autumn是第三人称单数形式，故填was regarded。
Ⅱ. 根据提示补全句子
1. 被一组年轻人围着，这位老人感到非常高兴和满足。(surrund)
Surrunded_by_a_grup_f_yung_peple,the ld man felt very happy and satisfied.
2. 这只狗挣脱了它的主人，跑了。(break away frm)
The dg brke_away_frm its wner and ran away.
3. 那位已经教了三十年书的老师，在负责学校工作。(in charge f)
The teacher, wh has taught fr ver 30 years, is_in_charge_f_the_schl_ wrk.
4. 由于老板对他所做的事情很满意，于是在办公室表扬了他。(过去分词短语作状语)
Satisfied_with_what_he_did,the bss praised him in the ffice.
5. 这份菜单有受欢迎的传统菜，也有较为吸引人的菜肴。(as well as)
The menu cntained traditinal favurites as_well_as_mre_attractive_dishes.
B组·能力提升
Ⅰ. 阅读理解
The ryal family is filled with rules, and ne in particular might explain why Princess Charltte is a princess, but her kids likely wn't be.
When it cmes t the British ryal family, ne thing is almst always true: they have a pretty cnfusing set f fficial rules and prtcls. Fr instance, the ryal family desn't have a last name. And dn't frget the fact that Queen Elizabeth celebrates tw birthdays every year.
If yur head isn't swimming yet, cnsider the traditin f ryal titles. As a British custm, nly the daughter f a prince r a prince's wife may be cnsidered a frmal “princess”. The latter applies t Kate, wh is bth a princess and the Duchess f Cambridge thanks t her marriage t Prince William, the Duke f Cambridge. And their children, Prince Gerge and Princess Charltte, als bear fficial ryal titles because their father is Prince William.
Hwever, while Prince Gerge's future children will als carry their father's ryal status, any children that Princess Charltte has will nt autmatically be cnsidered princes r princesses. Why? Ryal custm dictates that ryal titles are passed dwn via sns, but nt daughters.
“Ryal titles are inherited thrugh sns, s if Princess Charltte has children they wuld nt autmatically inherit the titles (his r her ryal highness) HRH, Prince, r Princess，” Lucy Hume, assciate directr f Debrett's, tld Twn & Cuntry.
Of curse, exceptins can (and will！) be made. (Learn abut every time the British ryal family brke their wn prtcl.) The Queen has ffered HRH status t ther ryal ffsprings in the past, including the children f Queen Elizabeth's daughter, Anne. Althugh Princess Anne and her husband, Captain Phillips, declined, perhaps Princess Charltte will be extended the same ffer when her wn children are brn.
1. What's the meaning f the underlined wrd “prtcls” in the secnd paragraph?
A. Prmises.B. Behaviurs.
C. Manners.D. Cnnectins.
2. What kind f child is regarded as “princess”？
A. The sn f a princess.
B. The daughter f a prince.
C. The daughter f a princess.
D. The wife f a king.
3. Wh is Charltte's father?
A. Prince Gerge.B. Elizabeth.
C. Prince William.D. Captain Philips.
4. What des the last paragraph mainly tell us?
A. Any persn can break traditinal rules.
B. Nt every persn must bey traditinal rules.
C. Any British ryal family member has their wn title.
D. Maybe the British ryal family will break their wn rules.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了英国王室头衔传承的规则。按照英国的习俗，只有王子的女儿或王子的妻子才可以被视为正式的公主。公主拥有的任何子女都不会自动被视为王子或公主。因为皇室习俗规定皇室头衔是由儿子传下来的而不是女儿。
1. C 词义猜测题。画线词和上文中的rules是并列的，因此在词义上与rules(规则)接近，根据第二段中的“Fr instance, the ryal family desn't have a last name. And dn't frget the fact that Queen Elizabeth celebrates tw birthdays every year.”可知，王室成员没有姓氏。伊丽莎白女王每年庆祝两个生日，这是一种“规矩”。该句是在解释rules和prtcls，因此画线单词的意思是“规矩”。故选C。
2. B 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“As a British custm, nly the daughter f a prince r a prince's wife may be cnsidered a frmal ‘princess’．”可知，按照英国的习俗，只有王子的女儿或王子的妻子才可以被视为正式的公主。因此选项中只有“王子的女儿”才被认为是公主。故选B。
3. C 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Prince Gerge and Princess Charltte, als bear fficial ryal titles because their father is Prince William.”可知，乔治王子和夏洛特公主也有官方的王室头衔，因为他们的父亲是威廉王子。因此夏洛特的父亲是威廉王子。故选C。
4. D 段落大意题。根据最后一段可知，当然，可能会有例外。女王过去曾向其他王室后代，包括伊丽莎白女王女儿安妮的子女提供过HRH身份(注：HRH身份指的是皇室身份中的王子或公主。)，但是安妮公主和她的丈夫菲利普斯上尉拒绝了。也许夏洛特公主在自己的孩子出生后也会得到同样的待遇。因此最后一段主要告诉我们的是：也许英国王室会打破自己的规矩让公主的孩子也可以享有正式的王室头衔。故选D。
Ⅱ. 七选五
Art galleries are places in which artists can display all types f wrks f art, including paintings, drawings, phtgraphs, sculptures, etc. 1 At the same time, hwever, each artwrk must be prtected frm expsure t t much light since that can cause wrks t fade and therefre get ruined. 2
The mst cmmn frm f lighting used t light up artwrks is indr sptlights n tracks attached t the ceiling near where the wrk is being displayed. 3 It permits the lights t be mved mre easily when the light patterns require adjusting. Recessed(嵌入的)lights in walls and ceilings can be useful s lng as they are nt fixed in place but can instead be easily mved t create ideal light patterns. Mst art gallery directrs state that a cmbinatin f tracked and recessed light equipment is ideal because the tracked lights fcus directly n the artwrk while the recessed lights are used n the nearby walls t prvide a surrunding light surce. 4
Hw t angle the lights depends upn the height f the ceiling and the size f the artwrk. Cautin must be taken t avid creating t many areas with shadws r t have the lights cause a glare n the artwrk. Besides, the lights shuld nt be bare bulbs burning directly n the artwrk but shuld be made in sme way t make the lighting sfter. Accrding t experts, lw vltage (电压)bulbs are the best t use when lighting artwrk. 5 Thus artwrks shuld be placed in a rm where sunlight can't directly hit them.
A. It can make the displays attractive.
B. Using tracked lighting is beneficial.
C. Light plays a key rle in art galleries.
D. This light surce can better imprve the md surrunding the wrk.
E. T better imprve their appearance, the display area needs t be well lit.
F. Finding a happy medium between nt enugh light and t much f it requires cnsiderable skill and experience.
G. Abve all, natural light shuld be avided since direct sunlight will damage artwrks, particularly paintings, ver time.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了美术馆是艺术家可以展示各种艺术作品的地方，包括油画、绘画、照片、雕塑等，但美术馆的灯光也是十分重要的。
1. E 根据空后的“At the same time, hwever, each artwrk must be prtected frm expsure t t much light”可知，选项E中的“be well lit”和“t much light”相呼应，且选项E承接下文，故选E。
2. F 根据空前的“At the same time, hwever, each artwrk must be prtected frm expsure t t much light since that can cause wrks t fade and therefre get ruined.”可知，为了完善美术馆艺术作品的陈列效果，就需要良好的照明，而过多地暴露在光线下，会有损作品，所以需要在光线不足和光线过多之间找到一个适合的平衡点，这就需要相当多的技巧和经验，选项F可以承接上文，故选F。
3. B 根据空前的“The mst cmmn frm f lighting used t light up artwrks is indr sptlights n tracks attached t the ceiling near where the wrk is being displayed.”可知，该句中的“tracks”和选项B中“tracked”相呼应，且句意(使用履带式照明是有益的。)承接下文，这种履带式照明的灯光更容易移动，故选B。
4. D 根据空前的“... a cmbinatin f tracked and recessed light equipment is ideal because the tracked lights fcus directly n the artwrk while the recessed lights are used n the nearby walls t prvide a surrunding light surce.”可知，选项D能更好地顺承下文，故选D。
5. G 根据空后的“Thus artwrks shuld be placed in a rm where sunlight can't directly hit them.”可知，选项G中“sunlight”和下文中的“sunlight”相呼应，且句意承接下文，故选G。
Ⅲ. 完形填空
As is knwn t all, mst stries f kindness d nt begin with frmerly drugaddicted celebrity (名人) bad bys. Mine des.
When this 1 tk place, I was accmpanying my grandmther at a huge garden party. Suddenly, Rbert Dwney Jr., in a nice creamclured suit, came in. I pinted ut this big mvie star t Grandma 2 ，but she was far mre interested in piling her paper plate with cheese.
As my 80yearld grandmther rse fr the 3 after the party, she fell int a wheelchair ramp (坡道) nearby. The sharp ramp 4 her leg pen and it was bleeding.
I shuld have quickly taken cntrl f the situatin — but due t my bld faint, I didn't. Luckily, Rbert Dwney Jr. 5 .
He called an ambulance immediately, and asked smene t 6 a blanket. He tk ff his suit and 7 his suit arund her leg. The cream clur turned dark red. Rbert surely knew hw t speak t her, 8 ，distract her. He stayed with my grandmther until the ambulance came, 9 her hand and telling her she was breaking his heart by leaving s early. I hurried int the ambulance withut a wrd, feeling t shy t thank him.
Sme 15 years after that garden party, and five years since he'd been set free frm prisn fr pssessin f drugs in his car, I came acrss Rbert in a fancy restaurant. I was 10 t respect peple's privacy and never 11 smene having a meal. But n this day, I decided t 12 the cde.
“I dn't have any 13 if yu remember this ...” and I tld him the stry. “I just wanted t tell yu that it was simply the kindest act I've ever 14 .”
It's never t late t express ur appreciatin fr kindness which lies in everyne, even a celebrity bad by. 15 ， appreciatin itself is a srt f kindness.
1. A. party B. kindness
C. accidentD. stry
2. A. excitedlyB. surprisingly
C. frtunatelyD. successfully
3. A. gardenB. wheelchair
C. starD. exit
4. A. treB. brke
C. cutD. pushed
5. A. gt acrssB. turned up
C. gt readyD. calmed dwn
6. A. buyB. rent
C. lendD. fetch
7. A. tiedB. cvered
C. placedD. pulled
8. A. insteadB. fr example
C. therwiseD. r rather
9. A. shakingB. waving
C. hldingD. pressing
10. A. persuadedB. brn
C. raisedD. frced
11. A. btherB. talk t
C. stare atD. upset
12. A. abandnB. set
C. fllwD. imprve
13. A. ideaB. truble
C. dubtD. interest
14. A. calledB. witnessed
C. heardD. perfrmed
15. A. But frB. After all
C. As a resultD. On the cntrary
【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者的奶奶被一位名人搭救，十多年后作者对恩人表示感谢的故事。
1. D 根据下文内容可知，文章讲述的是作者的奶奶在大型花园派对上被搭救的故事。故选D。
2. A 根据语境可知，作者看到名人，便激动地指给奶奶看。故选A。
3. D 结合下文“after the party”可知，派对结束了，奶奶在走向出口的途中摔入坡道。故选D。
4. C 根据下文“it was bleeding”可知坡道划破了奶奶的大腿。故选C。
5. B 根据上文“I shuld have quickly taken cntrl f the situatin — but due t my bld faint, I didn't.”可知，作者晕血，无法控制局面，但是幸运的是小罗伯特·唐尼出现了。故选B。
6. D 句意：他立刻叫了救护车并且让一个人取来一张毯子。根据语境，小罗伯特·唐尼出现了应是让别人取来一张毯子，取毯子应用动词fetch。故选D。
7. A 根据下文“The cream clur turned dark red.”可知他将西服系在了奶奶的腿上。故选A。
8. D 句意：罗伯特当然知道和她说什么，或者更确切地说，怎样使她分心。 根据语境可知，罗伯特同奶奶说话，更确切地说是为了让她分心减少痛苦。故选D。
9. C 句意：他和我的祖母待在一起，直到救护车来了，他握着祖母的手，告诉她这么早就离开让他很伤心。hld her hand，意为“握住她的手”。故选C。
10. C 句意：我从小就被教育要尊重别人的隐私，从不打扰别人吃饭。结合下文“respect peple's privacy”可知，作者从小被教育要尊重别人的隐私”。故选C。
11. A 句意同上。结合上文“I came acrss Rbert in a fancy restaurant.”可知，小罗伯特在吃饭，作者从来不打扰别人。故用bther，故选A。
12. A 句意：但是在这一天，我决定抛弃约束。结合上文作者十五年后与他相见，为了表达感谢，作者此时抛弃自己被教养的约束去和小罗伯特打招呼。故选A。
13. A 句意：我不知道你是否记得这件事……然后我就告诉他这个故事。have n idea，意为“不知道”。故选A。
14. B 根据语境可知，这是作者所见过的最善良的行为，应该用witness。故选B。
15. B 句意：毕竟，感激本身就是一种善良。根据句意可知此句顺承上句“even a celebrity bad by”，应用after all。故选B。
Ⅳ. 语法填空
Dujiangyan is the ldest manmade water system in the wrld, and a wnder in the develpment f Chinese science. 1. ________ (build) ver 2,200 years ag in what is nw Sichuan Prvince in Suthwest China, this amazing engineering 2. ________ (achieve) is still used tday.
In ancient times, the regin in which Dujiangyan nw stands 3. ________ (suffer) frm regular flds caused by verflw frm the Minjiang River. 4. ________ (help) the victims f the flding, Li Bing, the regin gvernr, tgether with his sn, decided t find a slutin. Li designed a series f channels built at different levels alng Munt Yulei that wuld take away the fldwater while leaving the river flwing naturally. 5. ________ (gd) still, the extra water culd be directed t the dry Chengdu Plain, making 6. ________ suitable fr farming.
Once the system was finished, n mre flds ccurred and the peple were able t live 7. ________ (peaceful). Tday, Dujiangyan is admired by scientists frm arund the wrld because f ne feature. Unlike mdern dams 8. ________ the water is blcked with a huge wall, Dujiangyan still lets water flw thrugh the Minjiang River naturally, 9. ________ (enable) the ecsystem (生态系统) and fish ppulatins t exist 10. ________ harmny.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国古代水利工程都江堰的历史及其所起的作用。
1. Built 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，“1. ________ (build) ver 2,200 years ag in what is nw Sichuan Prvince in Suthwest China, this amazing engineering ...”为省略句，其逻辑主语是主句的主语“this amazing engineering”，动词build与它是被动关系。根据时间状语“ver 2,200 years ag”推断出，动作已发生并表被动。故要用过去分词built。故填Built。
2. achievement 考查名词。“this amazing engineering 2. ________ (achieve) is still used tday”中，空格所在处在句中作主语，所以要用名词形式。而achieve是动词，故用其名词形式achievement。
3. suffered 考查谓语动词。根据本句中的时间状语“In ancient times”可知，要用一般过去时。故用suffered。
4. T help 考查非谓语动词。本句表示目的，用动词不定式。故填T help。
5. Better 考查固定搭配。句意：更好的是，多余的水可以直接送到干旱的成都平原…… better still为固定搭配，意为“更好的是”，所以用gd的比较级better。故填Better。
6. it 考查代词。分析句子成分可知，本空指的是前面“the extra water (多余的水)”，water是不可数名词，故填it。
7. peacefully 考查副词。分析“n mre flds ccurred and the peple were able t live 7. ________ (peaceful)”可知，本句的形容词peaceful在句子中修饰动词live，修饰动词要用副词，故填peacefully。
8. where 考查定语从句的关系词。分析“Unlike mdern dams 8. ________ the water is blcked with a huge wall”可知，句中的mdern dams是先行词，在后面的定语从句中作地点状语，因此要用where。故填where。
9. enabling 考查非谓语动词。句意：……都江堰仍然允许水自然流经岷江，使生态系统…… 分析空格处所在句子可知，“Dujiangyan still lets water flw thrugh the Minjiang River naturally”是主句，自然而然导出下面的内容，而enable与前面的句子是主动关系，要用v.ing形式作结果状语。故填enabling。
10. in 考查固定搭配。in harmny为固定搭配，意为“和谐无间地，和谐地”。故填in。
A组·基础巩固
Ⅰ. 语法填空
A
A teahuse is a special huse which primarily serves tea and ther light refreshments (茶点). Its functin varies widely depending 1. ________ the culture. In China, a teahuse is a place 2. ________ peple gather t enjy tea, chat and scialise. It 3. ________ (cnsider) as a symbl f Chinese tea culture and peple's leisure lives.
Chinese teahuses enjy a lngstanding histry. They develped frm tea 4. ________ (stand) in the Western Jin dynasty, tk shape in the Tang dynasty, develped 5. ________ (gradual) in the Sng, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties and became bming in mdern times.
In the Sng dynasty, teahuses existed all ver cities and villages, 6. ________ a rate cmparable with that f restaurants. The wners preferred t decrate their teahuses with paintings f celebrities and rare and precius plants 7. ________ (attract) custmers. In the Ming and Qing dynasties, the number f teahuses went beynd that f restaurants, gaining mre 8. ________ (ppular) and becming mre famus. Later, the acculturatin(文化移入) f western culture frced traditinal Chinese teahuses t take n 9. ________ new lk. After refrm and peningup, with the rapid develpment f the ecnmy and 10. ________ (evidence) imprvement f peple's living standards, teahuses flwered in China.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国茶馆的作用及其发展历程。
1. n 考查固定搭配。depend n意为“取决于”，是固定搭配。
2. where 考查定语从句。空处引导定语从句，先行词为a place，并结合句子成分可知，空处在从句中作地点状语，故填where。
3. is cnsidered 考查动词的时态和语态。空处与主语It为被动关系，且此处为客观性描述，故用一般现在时的被动语态。
4. stands 考查名词的单复数。分析句子成分可知，stand在此用作名词，意为“货摊，售货亭”，且此处表示不止一个货摊，故要用名词复数形式。
5. gradually 考查副词。修饰动词develped要用副词gradually。
6. at 考查介词。此处表示茶馆的分布率可与饭馆相比。at a rate为固定搭配，意为“以……速度/比率”。
7. t attract 考查非谓语动词。此处用动词不定式作目的状语，表示该句中的“decrate their teahuses with ... plants”的目的，故填t attract。
8. ppularity 考查词性转换。gain意为“获得”，为及物动词，后接名词作宾语，故填ppularity。
9. a 考查冠词。此处初次提到“lk”(样子)这个词，且new以辅音音素开头，故用a。take n a new lk意为“呈现新面貌”。
10. evident 考查形容词。修饰名词imprvement要用形容词，故填evident“明显的”。
B
Why des autumn have tw names? Accrding t MerriamWebster, “autumn” appeared first in English in the 1300s, cming frm the Latin wrd “autumnus”. “Autumn” caught n quickly, likely because it replaced the 1. ________ (rigin) name — “harvest”. As yu might imagine, when crps were cllected frm the fields, calling the seasn “harvest” might make peple 2. ________ (cnfuse) because “harvest” is als the name fr the act 3. ________ (it)．
S “autumn” appeared instead f “harvest”. Then the term, “autumn”， 4. ________ was referred t the seasn between summer and winter, lasted fr a cuple f 5. ________ (century)．
“Fall” as a name fr the seasn came abut smetime in the 1500s, a shrtened versin f the very petic phrase fr “the fall f leaves”. The English phrase had true meaning f the seasn withut leading 6. ________ any cnfusin. Nt even a century later, the phrase became a simple wrd: fall.
Arund this same time, the English language was travelling acrss the glbe as Britain expanded, and it was 7. ________ (g) thrugh sme changes, as many languages did. This was 8. ________(particular) true in the American clnies (殖民地).Sme English wrds changed in the US, whether in terms f spelling 9. ________ in terms f general usage. In the mid1800s, British and American English speakers further develped in different ways and “fall” was the cmmn wrd fr “autumn” in the US, while “autumn” 10. ________ (regard) as the wrd fr “fall” in England.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。英文中“秋天”有两个名字。文章介绍了这两个名字的由来。
1. riginal 考查词性转换。根据空后的名词“name”可知，此处应该填入形容词riginal“最初的”作定语。故填riginal。
2. cnfused 考查形容词。形容词cnfused修饰人，意为“感到迷惑的”。故填cnfused。
3. itself 考查代词。反身代词itself在此处作“the act”的同位语。故填itself。
4. which 考查定语从句。此处“autumn”作先行词，指物，关系代词which在此处引导非限制性定语从句，且在从句中作主语，that不能引导非限制性定语从句。故填which。
5. centuries 考查名词的单复数。根据空前的a cuple f“几个”，修饰可数名词复数可知应填复数形式。故填centuries。
6. t 考查介词。lead t为固定短语，意为“导致”。故填t。
7. ging 考查非谓语动词。根据语境可知，此句应该用过去进行时。故填ging。
8. particularly 考查副词。副词particularly在此处修饰形容词“true”。particularly true意为“特别真实”。故填particularly。
9. r 考查让步状语从句。分析句子结构可知，“whether in terms f spelling r in terms f general usage”意为“无论是在拼写方面，还是在一般用法方面”。whether ... r意为“无论……还是……”，引导让步状语从句，故填r。
10. was regarded 考查一般过去时态的被动语态。根据上文中的时态，再结合autumn和regard是动宾关系可知，此处应该用一般过去时的被动语态，且主语autumn是第三人称单数形式，故填was regarded。
Ⅱ. 根据提示补全句子
1. 被一组年轻人围着，这位老人感到非常高兴和满足。(surrund)
Surrunded_by_a_grup_f_yung_peple,the ld man felt very happy and satisfied.
2. 这只狗挣脱了它的主人，跑了。(break away frm)
The dg brke_away_frm its wner and ran away.
3. 那位已经教了三十年书的老师，在负责学校工作。(in charge f)
The teacher, wh has taught fr ver 30 years, is_in_charge_f_the_schl_ wrk.
4. 由于老板对他所做的事情很满意，于是在办公室表扬了他。(过去分词短语作状语)
Satisfied_with_what_he_did,the bss praised him in the ffice.
5. 这份菜单有受欢迎的传统菜，也有较为吸引人的菜肴。(as well as)
The menu cntained traditinal favurites as_well_as_mre_attractive_dishes.
B组·能力提升
Ⅰ. 阅读理解
The ryal family is filled with rules, and ne in particular might explain why Princess Charltte is a princess, but her kids likely wn't be.
When it cmes t the British ryal family, ne thing is almst always true: they have a pretty cnfusing set f fficial rules and prtcls. Fr instance, the ryal family desn't have a last name. And dn't frget the fact that Queen Elizabeth celebrates tw birthdays every year.
If yur head isn't swimming yet, cnsider the traditin f ryal titles. As a British custm, nly the daughter f a prince r a prince's wife may be cnsidered a frmal “princess”. The latter applies t Kate, wh is bth a princess and the Duchess f Cambridge thanks t her marriage t Prince William, the Duke f Cambridge. And their children, Prince Gerge and Princess Charltte, als bear fficial ryal titles because their father is Prince William.
Hwever, while Prince Gerge's future children will als carry their father's ryal status, any children that Princess Charltte has will nt autmatically be cnsidered princes r princesses. Why? Ryal custm dictates that ryal titles are passed dwn via sns, but nt daughters.
“Ryal titles are inherited thrugh sns, s if Princess Charltte has children they wuld nt autmatically inherit the titles (his r her ryal highness) HRH, Prince, r Princess，” Lucy Hume, assciate directr f Debrett's, tld Twn & Cuntry.
Of curse, exceptins can (and will！) be made. (Learn abut every time the British ryal family brke their wn prtcl.) The Queen has ffered HRH status t ther ryal ffsprings in the past, including the children f Queen Elizabeth's daughter, Anne. Althugh Princess Anne and her husband, Captain Phillips, declined, perhaps Princess Charltte will be extended the same ffer when her wn children are brn.
1. What's the meaning f the underlined wrd “prtcls” in the secnd paragraph?
A. Prmises.B. Behaviurs.
C. Manners.D. Cnnectins.
2. What kind f child is regarded as “princess”？
A. The sn f a princess.
B. The daughter f a prince.
C. The daughter f a princess.
D. The wife f a king.
3. Wh is Charltte's father?
A. Prince Gerge.B. Elizabeth.
C. Prince William.D. Captain Philips.
4. What des the last paragraph mainly tell us?
A. Any persn can break traditinal rules.
B. Nt every persn must bey traditinal rules.
C. Any British ryal family member has their wn title.
D. Maybe the British ryal family will break their wn rules.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了英国王室头衔传承的规则。按照英国的习俗，只有王子的女儿或王子的妻子才可以被视为正式的公主。公主拥有的任何子女都不会自动被视为王子或公主。因为皇室习俗规定皇室头衔是由儿子传下来的而不是女儿。
1. C 词义猜测题。画线词和上文中的rules是并列的，因此在词义上与rules(规则)接近，根据第二段中的“Fr instance, the ryal family desn't have a last name. And dn't frget the fact that Queen Elizabeth celebrates tw birthdays every year.”可知，王室成员没有姓氏。伊丽莎白女王每年庆祝两个生日，这是一种“规矩”。该句是在解释rules和prtcls，因此画线单词的意思是“规矩”。故选C。
2. B 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“As a British custm, nly the daughter f a prince r a prince's wife may be cnsidered a frmal ‘princess’．”可知，按照英国的习俗，只有王子的女儿或王子的妻子才可以被视为正式的公主。因此选项中只有“王子的女儿”才被认为是公主。故选B。
3. C 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Prince Gerge and Princess Charltte, als bear fficial ryal titles because their father is Prince William.”可知，乔治王子和夏洛特公主也有官方的王室头衔，因为他们的父亲是威廉王子。因此夏洛特的父亲是威廉王子。故选C。
4. D 段落大意题。根据最后一段可知，当然，可能会有例外。女王过去曾向其他王室后代，包括伊丽莎白女王女儿安妮的子女提供过HRH身份(注：HRH身份指的是皇室身份中的王子或公主。)，但是安妮公主和她的丈夫菲利普斯上尉拒绝了。也许夏洛特公主在自己的孩子出生后也会得到同样的待遇。因此最后一段主要告诉我们的是：也许英国王室会打破自己的规矩让公主的孩子也可以享有正式的王室头衔。故选D。
Ⅱ. 七选五
Art galleries are places in which artists can display all types f wrks f art, including paintings, drawings, phtgraphs, sculptures, etc. 1 At the same time, hwever, each artwrk must be prtected frm expsure t t much light since that can cause wrks t fade and therefre get ruined. 2
The mst cmmn frm f lighting used t light up artwrks is indr sptlights n tracks attached t the ceiling near where the wrk is being displayed. 3 It permits the lights t be mved mre easily when the light patterns require adjusting. Recessed(嵌入的)lights in walls and ceilings can be useful s lng as they are nt fixed in place but can instead be easily mved t create ideal light patterns. Mst art gallery directrs state that a cmbinatin f tracked and recessed light equipment is ideal because the tracked lights fcus directly n the artwrk while the recessed lights are used n the nearby walls t prvide a surrunding light surce. 4
Hw t angle the lights depends upn the height f the ceiling and the size f the artwrk. Cautin must be taken t avid creating t many areas with shadws r t have the lights cause a glare n the artwrk. Besides, the lights shuld nt be bare bulbs burning directly n the artwrk but shuld be made in sme way t make the lighting sfter. Accrding t experts, lw vltage (电压)bulbs are the best t use when lighting artwrk. 5 Thus artwrks shuld be placed in a rm where sunlight can't directly hit them.
A. It can make the displays attractive.
B. Using tracked lighting is beneficial.
C. Light plays a key rle in art galleries.
D. This light surce can better imprve the md surrunding the wrk.
E. T better imprve their appearance, the display area needs t be well lit.
F. Finding a happy medium between nt enugh light and t much f it requires cnsiderable skill and experience.
G. Abve all, natural light shuld be avided since direct sunlight will damage artwrks, particularly paintings, ver time.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了美术馆是艺术家可以展示各种艺术作品的地方，包括油画、绘画、照片、雕塑等，但美术馆的灯光也是十分重要的。
1. E 根据空后的“At the same time, hwever, each artwrk must be prtected frm expsure t t much light”可知，选项E中的“be well lit”和“t much light”相呼应，且选项E承接下文，故选E。
2. F 根据空前的“At the same time, hwever, each artwrk must be prtected frm expsure t t much light since that can cause wrks t fade and therefre get ruined.”可知，为了完善美术馆艺术作品的陈列效果，就需要良好的照明，而过多地暴露在光线下，会有损作品，所以需要在光线不足和光线过多之间找到一个适合的平衡点，这就需要相当多的技巧和经验，选项F可以承接上文，故选F。
3. B 根据空前的“The mst cmmn frm f lighting used t light up artwrks is indr sptlights n tracks attached t the ceiling near where the wrk is being displayed.”可知，该句中的“tracks”和选项B中“tracked”相呼应，且句意(使用履带式照明是有益的。)承接下文，这种履带式照明的灯光更容易移动，故选B。
4. D 根据空前的“... a cmbinatin f tracked and recessed light equipment is ideal because the tracked lights fcus directly n the artwrk while the recessed lights are used n the nearby walls t prvide a surrunding light surce.”可知，选项D能更好地顺承下文，故选D。
5. G 根据空后的“Thus artwrks shuld be placed in a rm where sunlight can't directly hit them.”可知，选项G中“sunlight”和下文中的“sunlight”相呼应，且句意承接下文，故选G。
Ⅲ. 完形填空
As is knwn t all, mst stries f kindness d nt begin with frmerly drugaddicted celebrity (名人) bad bys. Mine des.
When this 1 tk place, I was accmpanying my grandmther at a huge garden party. Suddenly, Rbert Dwney Jr., in a nice creamclured suit, came in. I pinted ut this big mvie star t Grandma 2 ，but she was far mre interested in piling her paper plate with cheese.
As my 80yearld grandmther rse fr the 3 after the party, she fell int a wheelchair ramp (坡道) nearby. The sharp ramp 4 her leg pen and it was bleeding.
I shuld have quickly taken cntrl f the situatin — but due t my bld faint, I didn't. Luckily, Rbert Dwney Jr. 5 .
He called an ambulance immediately, and asked smene t 6 a blanket. He tk ff his suit and 7 his suit arund her leg. The cream clur turned dark red. Rbert surely knew hw t speak t her, 8 ，distract her. He stayed with my grandmther until the ambulance came, 9 her hand and telling her she was breaking his heart by leaving s early. I hurried int the ambulance withut a wrd, feeling t shy t thank him.
Sme 15 years after that garden party, and five years since he'd been set free frm prisn fr pssessin f drugs in his car, I came acrss Rbert in a fancy restaurant. I was 10 t respect peple's privacy and never 11 smene having a meal. But n this day, I decided t 12 the cde.
“I dn't have any 13 if yu remember this ...” and I tld him the stry. “I just wanted t tell yu that it was simply the kindest act I've ever 14 .”
It's never t late t express ur appreciatin fr kindness which lies in everyne, even a celebrity bad by. 15 ， appreciatin itself is a srt f kindness.
1. A. party B. kindness
C. accidentD. stry
2. A. excitedlyB. surprisingly
C. frtunatelyD. successfully
3. A. gardenB. wheelchair
C. starD. exit
4. A. treB. brke
C. cutD. pushed
5. A. gt acrssB. turned up
C. gt readyD. calmed dwn
6. A. buyB. rent
C. lendD. fetch
7. A. tiedB. cvered
C. placedD. pulled
8. A. insteadB. fr example
C. therwiseD. r rather
9. A. shakingB. waving
C. hldingD. pressing
10. A. persuadedB. brn
C. raisedD. frced
11. A. btherB. talk t
C. stare atD. upset
12. A. abandnB. set
C. fllwD. imprve
13. A. ideaB. truble
C. dubtD. interest
14. A. calledB. witnessed
C. heardD. perfrmed
15. A. But frB. After all
C. As a resultD. On the cntrary
【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者的奶奶被一位名人搭救，十多年后作者对恩人表示感谢的故事。
1. D 根据下文内容可知，文章讲述的是作者的奶奶在大型花园派对上被搭救的故事。故选D。
2. A 根据语境可知，作者看到名人，便激动地指给奶奶看。故选A。
3. D 结合下文“after the party”可知，派对结束了，奶奶在走向出口的途中摔入坡道。故选D。
4. C 根据下文“it was bleeding”可知坡道划破了奶奶的大腿。故选C。
5. B 根据上文“I shuld have quickly taken cntrl f the situatin — but due t my bld faint, I didn't.”可知，作者晕血，无法控制局面，但是幸运的是小罗伯特·唐尼出现了。故选B。
6. D 句意：他立刻叫了救护车并且让一个人取来一张毯子。根据语境，小罗伯特·唐尼出现了应是让别人取来一张毯子，取毯子应用动词fetch。故选D。
7. A 根据下文“The cream clur turned dark red.”可知他将西服系在了奶奶的腿上。故选A。
8. D 句意：罗伯特当然知道和她说什么，或者更确切地说，怎样使她分心。 根据语境可知，罗伯特同奶奶说话，更确切地说是为了让她分心减少痛苦。故选D。
9. C 句意：他和我的祖母待在一起，直到救护车来了，他握着祖母的手，告诉她这么早就离开让他很伤心。hld her hand，意为“握住她的手”。故选C。
10. C 句意：我从小就被教育要尊重别人的隐私，从不打扰别人吃饭。结合下文“respect peple's privacy”可知，作者从小被教育要尊重别人的隐私”。故选C。
11. A 句意同上。结合上文“I came acrss Rbert in a fancy restaurant.”可知，小罗伯特在吃饭，作者从来不打扰别人。故用bther，故选A。
12. A 句意：但是在这一天，我决定抛弃约束。结合上文作者十五年后与他相见，为了表达感谢，作者此时抛弃自己被教养的约束去和小罗伯特打招呼。故选A。
13. A 句意：我不知道你是否记得这件事……然后我就告诉他这个故事。have n idea，意为“不知道”。故选A。
14. B 根据语境可知，这是作者所见过的最善良的行为，应该用witness。故选B。
15. B 句意：毕竟，感激本身就是一种善良。根据句意可知此句顺承上句“even a celebrity bad by”，应用after all。故选B。
Ⅳ. 语法填空
Dujiangyan is the ldest manmade water system in the wrld, and a wnder in the develpment f Chinese science. 1. ________ (build) ver 2,200 years ag in what is nw Sichuan Prvince in Suthwest China, this amazing engineering 2. ________ (achieve) is still used tday.
In ancient times, the regin in which Dujiangyan nw stands 3. ________ (suffer) frm regular flds caused by verflw frm the Minjiang River. 4. ________ (help) the victims f the flding, Li Bing, the regin gvernr, tgether with his sn, decided t find a slutin. Li designed a series f channels built at different levels alng Munt Yulei that wuld take away the fldwater while leaving the river flwing naturally. 5. ________ (gd) still, the extra water culd be directed t the dry Chengdu Plain, making 6. ________ suitable fr farming.
Once the system was finished, n mre flds ccurred and the peple were able t live 7. ________ (peaceful). Tday, Dujiangyan is admired by scientists frm arund the wrld because f ne feature. Unlike mdern dams 8. ________ the water is blcked with a huge wall, Dujiangyan still lets water flw thrugh the Minjiang River naturally, 9. ________ (enable) the ecsystem (生态系统) and fish ppulatins t exist 10. ________ harmny.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国古代水利工程都江堰的历史及其所起的作用。
1. Built 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，“1. ________ (build) ver 2,200 years ag in what is nw Sichuan Prvince in Suthwest China, this amazing engineering ...”为省略句，其逻辑主语是主句的主语“this amazing engineering”，动词build与它是被动关系。根据时间状语“ver 2,200 years ag”推断出，动作已发生并表被动。故要用过去分词built。故填Built。
2. achievement 考查名词。“this amazing engineering 2. ________ (achieve) is still used tday”中，空格所在处在句中作主语，所以要用名词形式。而achieve是动词，故用其名词形式achievement。
3. suffered 考查谓语动词。根据本句中的时间状语“In ancient times”可知，要用一般过去时。故用suffered。
4. T help 考查非谓语动词。本句表示目的，用动词不定式。故填T help。
5. Better 考查固定搭配。句意：更好的是，多余的水可以直接送到干旱的成都平原…… better still为固定搭配，意为“更好的是”，所以用gd的比较级better。故填Better。
6. it 考查代词。分析句子成分可知，本空指的是前面“the extra water (多余的水)”，water是不可数名词，故填it。
7. peacefully 考查副词。分析“n mre flds ccurred and the peple were able t live 7. ________ (peaceful)”可知，本句的形容词peaceful在句子中修饰动词live，修饰动词要用副词，故填peacefully。
8. where 考查定语从句的关系词。分析“Unlike mdern dams 8. ________ the water is blcked with a huge wall”可知，句中的mdern dams是先行词，在后面的定语从句中作地点状语，因此要用where。故填where。
9. enabling 考查非谓语动词。句意：……都江堰仍然允许水自然流经岷江，使生态系统…… 分析空格处所在句子可知，“Dujiangyan still lets water flw thrugh the Minjiang River naturally”是主句，自然而然导出下面的内容，而enable与前面的句子是主动关系，要用v.ing形式作结果状语。故填enabling。
10. in 考查固定搭配。in harmny为固定搭配，意为“和谐无间地，和谐地”。故填in。
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