人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第四册Unit 3 Sea Exploration巩固练习

这是一份人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第四册Unit 3 Sea Exploration巩固练习，共14页。

Section Ⅰ　Reading and Thinking (1)

阅读理解。
A
Jennifer Fish, a weather forecaster, may soon be replaced by something truly fishier—the shark.
Research by a British biology student suggests that sharks could be used to predict storms.
Laura Smith, 24, is close to completing her study on sharks’ ability to sense pressure.
If her studies prove the theory, scientists may be able to monitor the behaviour of sharks to predict bad weather.
Miss Smith had previously studied the behaviour of lemon sharks in the Bahamas.
She then used their close relatives, lesser spotted dogfish(猫鲨), for further research at the University of Aberdeen.
Her work—thought to be the first of its kind to test the pressure theory—resulted from the observation that juvenile blacktip sharks off Florida moved into deeper water ahead of a violent storm in 2001.
Miss Smith said, “I’ve always been crazy about travelling and diving and this led me to an interest in sharks.”
“I was delighted to have been able to research in the area for my degree. I know there’s so much more we need to understand—but it certainly opens the way to more research.”
It has been discovered that a shark senses pressure using hair cells in its balance system.
At the Bimini Shark Lab in the Bahamas, Miss Smith fixed hi-tech sensors to sharks to record pressure and temperature, while also tracking them using BDS (BeiDou Navigation Satellite System) technology.
In Aberdeen, she was able to study the effects of tidal(潮汐的) and temperature changes on dogfish—none of which were harmed. She also used a special lab which can mimic(模拟) oceanic pressure changes caused by weather fronts.
She is due to complete her study and graduate later this year. She says she will be looking for a job, which will give her the chance to enrich her experience of shark research.
1. Where is the text most probably taken from?
A. A short-story collection.
B. A personal diary.
C. A research paper.
D. A popular science magazine.
解析:推理判断题。本文是一篇科普说明文,A项“一本短文集”和B项“一本个人日记”可排除;再从文章的语言来判断,并未出现大量的专业术语,可排除C项“一篇研究论文”。D项“一本畅销的科学杂志”符合题意。故选D。
答案:D
2. What do we learn from the first four paragraphs of the text?
A. Jennifer Fish is not fit for her job.
B. Sharks’ behaviour can be controlled.
C. Sharks may be used to predict bad weather.
D. Laura Smith will become a weather forecaster.
解析:细节理解题。根据第四段“If her studies prove the theory, scientists may be able to monitor the behaviour of sharks to predict bad weather.”可知,科学家们可以通过监控鲨鱼的行为来预测坏天气。故选C。
答案:C
3. How did Laura Smith conduct her research?
A. By monitoring sharks’ reaction to weather changes.
B. By measuring the air pressure of weather fronts.
C. By recording sharks’ body temperature.
D. By removing hair cells from a shark’s balance system.
解析:细节理解题。根据倒数第三段“At the Bimini Shark Lab in the Bahamas ... tracking them using BDS (BeiDou Navigation Satellite System) technology.”可知,劳拉在鲨鱼身上安装高科技感应器来记录压力和温度,并利用BDS技术跟踪鲨鱼,所以她是通过监测鲨鱼对天气变化的反应来进行实验的。故选A。
答案:A
4. What is the text mainly about?
A. Popular ways of forecasting weather.
B. Biologists’ interest in the secrets of sharks.
C. New research effort in predicting storms.
D. Laura Smith’s devotion to scientific research.
解析:主旨大意题。根据第二段“Research by a British biology student suggests that sharks could be used to predict storms.”可知,全文是围绕着鲨鱼可能被用来预测暴风雨天气的研究展开的,所以C项“在预测暴风雨天气方面的新研究尝试”符合题意。故选C。
答案:C
B
An Italian company has created the world’s first underwater farm. The station named Nemo’s Garden consists of five biospheres(生物圈) fixed to the bottom of the sea off the coast of Savona, Italy. They’re being used to grow strawberries, beans, garlic, and lettuces.
“The main target of this project is to create other sources of plant production in areas where environmental conditions make it difficult to grow crops through traditional farming, including lack of fresh water, fertile soil, and extreme temperature changes,” said project spokesperson Luca Gamberini.
The five biospheres, currently floating between depths of 18 and 36 feet, are constantly watched by Ocean Reef Group—a diving equipment company—from a control centre on dry land. According to various news reports, the plants are watered by drips of water on the inner walls of the biospheres. With a constant temperature of 79 degrees day and night, and humidity(湿度) at around 83 percent, the conditions are ideal for plants to grow well. The high amount of carbon dioxide also encourages growth.
Ocean Reef president Sergio Gamberini said he came up with the idea of growing plants underwater during a summer vacation in Italy. In his own words, he wanted to do something that’s different and to show the beauty of the ocean. After two years of failed attempts, they finally were able to get these five biospheres working. Their success may lay the foundation for a new form of crop production that can be done without harming the environment.
In fact, the biospheres seem to be attracting wildlife. Octopuses(章鱼) and endangered seahorses are taking shelter under the structure, while crabs(螃蟹) are climbing up the anchors and into the greenhouses. None of the creatures have damaged the plants so far. “It’s so kind of science fiction to see these two different forms of life interact,” Gamberini said.
5. Why was the underwater farm created?
A. To help explore the sea.
B. To protect sea creatures.
C. To improve the sea environment.
D. To find a new way of growing crops.
解析:细节理解题。根据第二段中“The main target of this project is to create other sources of plant production in areas where environmental conditions make it difficult to grow crops through traditional farming”可知,这个项目的主要目的就是探索新的农作物种植方式,特别是在一些传统种植比较困难的地方。故海底农场的建立就是为了创造新的种植庄稼的方式。故选D。
答案:D
6. How did Sergio Gamberini get the idea of growing plants underwater?
A. By chance.
B. From science fiction.
C. After reading a news report.　　
D. After two years of failed attempts.
解析:推理判断题。根据第四段首句“Ocean Reef president Sergio Gamberini said he came up with the idea of growing plants underwater during a summer vacation in Italy.”可知,Sergio Gamberini是在去意大利度假时偶然产生了水下种植农作物的想法。故选A。
答案:A
7. What can we infer from the last paragraph?
A. The plants in the biospheres are protected.
B. The biospheres are environmentally friendly.
C. Sea creatures may do harm to the biospheres.
D. Sea creatures like the plants in the biospheres.
解析:推理判断题。根据最后一段的描述,尤其是第一句“In fact, the biospheres seem to be attracting wildlife.”可知,海底农场的建立并没有破坏环境,反而吸引来了许多海底的生物。因此,建立的水下生物圈是非常环保的。故选B。
答案:B
8. What is the text mainly about?
A. The undersea exploration.
B. Growing plants without soil.
C. Biospheres that attract wildlife.
D. The world’s first underwater farm.
解析:主旨大意题。文章的第一句就提到了本文的大意“An Italian company has created the world’s first underwater farm.”(第一个海底农场的建立),然后详细介绍了这个海底农场的相关情况。故选D。
答案:D
C
We’ve been producing plastic in huge quantities since the 1940s. Drink bottles, shopping bags, toiletries (洗漱用品) and even clothes are made with plastic. We live in a world full of plastic and only a small part is recycled. What happens to all the rest? 9.　
The film begins as a journey to film the largest animal on the planet—the blue whale. But during the journey the filmmakers make the shocking discovery of a huge, thick layer of plastic floating(漂浮) in the middle of the Indian Ocean. 10. In total, they visited 20 places around the world during the four years to make the film.
There are beautiful shots of the seas and sea life in the film. 11. We see how sea species are being killed by all the plastic we are throwing in the ocean. The message about our use of plastic is painfully obvious.
12. In the second half, the filmmakers look at what we can do to deal with the problem. They present short-term and long-term solutions. These include avoiding plastic containers as much as possible. Reuse and recycle your plastic bags. They also stress the need for governments to work more on recycling programmes.
Over 300 million tons of plastic are produced every year, and at least 8 million of those are thrown into the oceans. 13. Once you’ve seen A Plastic Ocean, you’ll realize the time is now and we all have a role to play.

A. Plastic does great harm to wildlife on the earth.
B. But the film doesn’t only present the negative side.
C. This is the question the film A Plastic Ocean answers.
D. The results are disastrous but it isn’t too late to change.
E. Now, many scientists are paying more attention to the ocean pollution.
F. These are contrasted with scenes of polluted cities and tons of plastic rubbish.
G. This causes them to travel around the world to look at other areas that have been affected.
9. 解析:第一段提出问题,第二段介绍了这部电影,C项承上启下,选项中“the film”和第二段开头的“The film”是关键词。
答案:C
10. 解析:根据上句可知,拍摄者非常震惊地发现在印度洋中部漂浮着一层又厚又大的塑料垃圾;根据下句可知,他们总共访问了世界上20个地方。G项承上启下,其中This指代前一句的内容,“travel around the world to look at other areas”与下句“20 places around the world”相呼应。
答案:G
11. 解析:根据上句可知,影片中有很多美丽的海洋和海洋生物的镜头;根据下句可知海洋生物被我们扔进海里的塑料杀死。由此判断F项符合语境,表示上句的情景与被污染的城市和大量的垃圾形成鲜明的对比。
答案:F
12. 解析:本段主要讲述拍摄者们为了改变这一现象而进行的挽救手段,选项B表示转折,表示“但是这部影片并不仅仅只是把消极的一面展示出来”。
答案:B
13. 解析:根据上句可知,每年至少有800万吨塑料被扔进海洋;根据下句可知,现在是时候了,我们都要做出努力。由此判断应选D,表示“虽然问题很严重,但现在改变还为时不晚”。
答案:D
Reading and Thinking (2)

[基础测评]
Ⅰ. 单句语法填空。
1. The army is 　　　　the command of General Smith. 
2. She withdrew her hand 　　　　his. 
3. How do we deliver new business products through new　
(channel) ?  
4. Air is a 　　　　(mix) of gases. 
5. So what is the best way 　　　　(negotiate) your way into a mobile work lifestyle? 
6. With the new information　　　　 hand, scientists should be able to find better solutions. 
7. There are plans 　　　　(extend) the sports field in our school. 
8. There are some 　　　　(profession) teachers and they can guide you to do certain necessary exercise. 
9. His 　　　　(fleet) of ships were built in Nanjing from where he also set sail on many voyages. 
10. This is the perfect time 　　　　(bond) with your child. 
答案:1. under　2. from　3. channels　4. mixture　5. to negotiate　
6. in　7. to extend　8. professional 9. fleets　10. to bond
Ⅱ. 用方框中所给短语的正确形式填空。
set sail, in a league of one’s own, negotiate with, the aim of,
for the benefit of, develop relations with
1. They 　　　　　　　　the manager for an improvement in working conditions. 
2. 　　　　　　　　banking reform is to establish an independent financial system. 
3. As a high school student, you must study hard　　　　 　 your own. 
4. Everyone has a home and the boat of life 　　　　　　　　from here! 
5. He’s a super basketball player and 　　　　　　　　　　　. 
6. China will continue to improve and 　　　　　　　　　　　other countries. 
答案:1. negotiated with　2. The aim of
3. for the benefit of　4. sets sail
5. in a league of his own　6. develop relations with
Ⅲ. 语法填空。
East or West, people have a strong desire 1. 　　　　(explore) the world. In ancient times, the Silk Road 2. 　　　　(play) a great role in 3. 　　　　(promote) friendly relations and economic and cultural exchanges between China and Asian, European and African countries. In the Ming dynasty, the fleets 4. 　　　　the command of Zheng He were in a league of 5. 　　　　own at that time. Today, the Silk and Road Initiative 6. 　　　　(design) to encourage cooperation and trade, and 7. 　　　　(strength) the bonds between China and the rest of the world, 8. 　　　　will help to improve great development. Besides, China has joined on other important 9. 　　　　(project) to know more about the sea. With 10. 　　　　latest technology in hand, China will reach out across the sea far into the future. 
答案:1. to explore　2. played　3. promoting
4. under　5. their　6. is designed　7. strengthen　8. which　
9. projects　10. the
[提升测评]
Ⅳ. 阅读理解。
A video of dolphins playing in the wake of the waves near a man-made island, east of the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge, has caught the attention from netizens across China.
The 55-km Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge is the world’s longest cross-sea bridge, connecting the mainland province of Guangdong with the country’s two special administrative regions, Hong Kong and Macao.
During the nine-year bridge construction period, researchers have identified and registered a total of 2,367 dolphins, with no injuries of any dolphins reported.
According to local authorities, the Pearl River Estuary Chinese White Dolphin Reserve has supported more than 100 researchers in studying and protecting the mammal and trained thousands of dolphin watchers. Luo Guocai, a certificated dolphin watcher, said his duty was to conduct a 10-minute observation of the sea each time before construction started. The dolphins have to breathe every few minutes above the water, and in order to prevent potential harm, the watchers would knock on their boat a few times to scare them away.
The preservation efforts never stopped even after the construction was completed. “Managerial personnel will continue to monitor the nearby environment and the dolphins via intelligent equipment including the bridge video surveillance(监控) system, the underwater tunnel’s environmental monitoring as well as specially established research and observation stations on the man-made islands,” said Yu Lie, deputy director of the bridge management bureau.
“Currently, Hong Kong, Macao, the country’s two special administrative regions, and Guangdong plan to establish a conservation alliance for the dolphins, involving non-governmental organisations in the routine rescue, information sharing, and scientific research,” said Chen Hailiang, head of the administration of the reserve. “We are constructing a bigger rescue and conservation base as well as increasing tissue samples and gene banks in a bid to better preserve the dolphins for generations to come,” Chen said.
1. What’s the author’s purpose of writing the second paragraph?
A. To show the influence of the bridge.
B. To announce the opening of the bridge.
C. To introduce the topic for discussion.
D. To add some background information.
解析:推理判断题。文章第二段对大桥的简单介绍只是给文章话题增加一些背景知识。故选D。
答案:D
2. According to the text, what does Luo Guocai do?
A. A dolphin researcher.
B. A director of environmental protection.
C. A bridge maintainer.
D. A trained dolphin watcher.
解析:细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Luo Guocai, a certificated dolphin watcher, said his duty was to conduct a 10-minute observation of the sea each time before construction started.”可知,罗国才是一位有执业资格的海豚观察者。故选D。
答案:D
3. What can we learn from Chen Hailiang?
A. The dolphin number is steadily rising.
B. Dolphin protection needs cooperation.
C. A few injuries of dolphins were reported.
D. The bridge has no effect on the dolphin.
解析:推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Currently, Hong Kong, Macao, ... and Guangdong plan to establish a conservation alliance ...”可知,保护海豚需要合作。故选B。
答案:B
Ⅴ. 完形填空。
Many years ago, I was sailing to Europe on a fine sailing ship across the Atlantic. For the greater part of the voyage we had pleasant weather,
　1　 towards the end of our crossing a terrible storm 　2　 and the ship would have sunk with all on board but for the efforts of the captain. 
The ship started to leak and began to fill with water. The sailors were strong, able and willing. But after pumping for one whole night, they were losing the battle against the rising water and were on the 　3　 of giving up.  
The captain, as soon as he realised the 　4　, took charge. He ordered the sailors back to their pumps and encouraged them fiercely to
　5　 the ship. His strong will doubled their efforts. How the men pumped like crazy! When the captain passed by me, I asked him whether there was any hope of saving the ship. He looked at me. “Yes, sir,” he said. “While my feet remain standing above the water 　6　, there is hope. Neither I nor any of the sailors will leave the ship 　7　 it remains above the surface of the sea. We shall do everything we can to save the ship and if we should fail, it will not be our 　8　.” Then he turned to all the passengers and shouted, “To the pumps, every one of you!” 
Three times during that day when we almost wanted to give up, the captain’s courage, determination and iron will forced us to 　9　, and we went back to the pumps. “I will 　10　 you safe in Liverpool,” he cried, “if you stay strong and firm with me.” 
In the end the ship sank soon after it reached the port of Liverpool but the captain did land us safe. The captain stood at the edge of the ship once it was safely tied up to the wall of the port and 　11　the thanks of the passengers as they hurried off the ship. As I expressed to him my
　12　, he held my hand firmly, looked into my eyes and said, “Sir, don’t you 　13　 me?” I told him that I did not. “The boy who you followed when he had so much difficulty in buying a geography book, some thirty years ago in Cincinnati?” “Why yes. I 　14　that boy very well. His name was William Hartley.” “I am that same William Hartley.” “Goodness!” I said, “What good fortune that I travelled with you as my captain! The 　15　 that thirty years ago got you that geography book has today saved our lives.” 
1. A. and B. but
C. however D. so
解析:根据上下文可知,航行时天气一直很好,但是(but)在即将结束的时候,一场可怕的风暴袭来。故应表示转折关系。
答案:B
2. A. came across B. came through
C. came out D. came up
解析:come across 偶遇;come through 经受;come out 出版;come up 出现。根据上下文可知,一场风暴袭来(came up)。
答案:D
3. A. point B. edge
C. time D. end
解析:但抽了一整夜水后,他们在与上涨的水的战斗中失败了,几乎要放弃了。on the point of 正要……的时候,在……之际。分析上下文可知,此处是表示正要放弃之际(point)。
答案:A
4. A. situation B. moment
C. state D. stage
解析:根据下文的“He ordered the sailors back to their pumps and encouraged them fiercely to 　5　 the ship.”可知,船长在意识到战斗失败,水手快要放弃这一情况(situation)时,亲自上阵指挥。故选 A。 
答案:A
5. A. break B. leave
C. save D. settle
解析:根据下文人们安全抵达利物浦可知,此处是船长鼓励水手们去救(save)船。
答案:C
6. A. height B. level
C. altitude D. degree
解析:根据上下文可知,此处表示只要船长的脚还在水面(level)上,就有希望带领大家回到岸边。
答案:B
7. A. so long as B. as far as
C. as well as D. as soon as
解析:so long as 只要;as far as 和……一样远;as well as 也;as soon as 一……就……。根据下文的“We shall do everything we can to save the ship”可知,只要(so long as)船在海面上,船长和水手们就都不会离开,会尽一切努力去救船。
答案:A
8. A. mistake B. concern
C. fault D. reason
解析:根据上下文可知,船长和水手们一直在尽一切努力营救船只。此处表示他们都尽全力了,如果失败了,那将不是他们的错(fault)了。
答案:C
9. A. insist B. remain
C. last D. continue
解析:根据下文他们安全到达岸边可知,是船长的勇气、决心和钢铁般的意志迫使他们继续(continue)前进。
答案:D
10. A. make B. ship
C. land D. sail
解析:根据下文的“In the end the ship sank soon after it reached the port of Liverpool but the captain did land us safe.”可知,船长喊道,他会让他们安全抵达(land)利物浦。
答案:C
11. A. afforded B. achieved
C. received D. admitted
解析:根据上下文可知,是船长的不懈努力拯救了船上所有人的生命,故乘客在下船时表达对船长的感谢,船长得到了(received)他们的感谢。
答案:C
12. A. encouragement B. guidance
C. greeting D. gratitude
解析:根据上文其他乘客表示对船长的感谢可知,此处是作者向船长表达感激之情(gratitude)。
答案:D
13. A. realise B. know
C. recognise D. rescue
解析:根据下文可知,船长和作者认识,故在此船长问作者难道没有认出(recognise)他吗?
答案:C
14. A. remind B. remember
C. recover D. regard
解析:根据下文作者依然记得小男孩的名字可知,作者非常清楚地记得(remember)那个男孩。
答案:B
15. A. choice B. courage
C. determination D. decision
解析:根据上文可知,船长非常想要本地理书,且全文一直在描述船长是一个非常有决心的人,故此处表示小男孩三十年前想要弄到一本地理书的决心(determination),今天拯救了船上所有人的生命。
答案:C