英语选择性必修 第四册Unit 1 Science Fiction练习题

这是一份英语选择性必修 第四册Unit 1 Science Fiction练习题，共14页。

Section Ⅰ　Reading and Thinking (1)

阅读理解。
A
A team of engineers at Harvard University created the first robotic fly. Designed to do what a fly does naturally, the tiny machine is the size of a fat housefly. Its mini wings allow it to stay in the air and perform controlled flight tasks.
“The added difficulty with a project like this is that actually none of its components is off the shelf and so we have to develop them all on our own,” said Robert Wood, a Harvard engineering professor.
They engineered a series of systems to start and drive the robotic fly. “The seemingly simple system which just moves the wings has lots of interdependence(互相依赖) of the individual components, each of which individually has to perform well, but then has to be matched well to everything it’s connected to,” said Wood.
While this first robotic fly is linked to a small, off-board power source, the goal is eventually to equip it with a built-in power source, so that it might someday perform data-gathering work at rescue sites, in farmers’ fields or on the battlefield. “Basically it should be able to take off, land and fly around,” he said.
Wood says the design offers a new way to study flight mechanics and control at insect-scale. Yet, the power, sensing and computation technologies on board could have much broader applications. “You can start thinking about using them to answer open scientific questions, you know, to study biology in ways that would be difficult with the animals, but using these robots instead,” he said. “So there are a lot of technologies and open interesting scientific questions that are really what drives us on a day-to-day basis.”
1. What is the typical characteristic of the robotic fly?
A. It’s automatic. B. It’s very small.
C. It’s controllable. D. It’s quite powerful.
解析:细节理解题。根据第一段第二、三句可知,这种飞行器的设计初衷是为了能做苍蝇做的事,它的尺寸和肥胖的家蝇一样大,微小的翅膀可以让它停在空中执行受控的飞行任务。据此可知,该飞行器的典型特点是尺寸小。故选B。
答案:B
2. We can infer from the text that the robotic fly can 　　　　. 
A. act as a spy plane
B. help do farm work
C. fly at a very high speed
D. answer many scientific questions
解析:推理判断题。根据第四段第一句“... so that it might someday perform data-gathering work at rescue sites, in farmers’ fields or on the battlefield.”可知,某一天这种飞行器可能用于搜救点、农田、战场信息的收集。据此可推知,该飞行器可以用作间谍飞机。故选A。
答案:A
3. What is Wood’s idea about the robotic fly according to the last paragraph?
A. It is highly questionable.
B. It has wide practical applications.
C. It gives scientists interest in flying machines.
D. It points to a new direction in studying biology.
解析:细节理解题。根据最后一段第二句“Yet, the power ... could have much broader applications.”并结合伍德所说的话可知,伍德认为这种飞行器使用范围很广泛。故选B。
答案:B
4. Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?
A. Harvard’s Study in the Field of Insects
B. Breakthrough in Engineering Science
C. An Interesting Invention—Robotic Fly
D. Robotic Fly—Copy of Real Life Insect
解析:主旨大意题。通读全文可知,本文的主题句是第一段第一、二句。结合全文内容可知,本文主要介绍了哈佛大学的工程师团队研制的一款机器苍蝇飞行器,介绍了其形状、大小、结构及前景等。故选D。
答案:D
B
In the future, when robots can be used both in homes and in other areas, they could improve the living standards of people. Many people consume their energy by doing their day-to-day tasks like cooking, cleaning after work, etc. When robots can complete such jobs, people can spend more time with their families and friends. Experts say that many major problems in the modern world are caused by miscommunication. When people have more time, they can talk freely to solve such issues and eventually create a happy society.
Robots can be used for certain jobs to avoid accidents caused by careless behavior of some people. When robots are used for such work, it does not risk any human life at the workplace. Human resources can be efficiently used by performing tasks which demand human skills like critical thinking and problem-solving. Robots can be used for jobs like moving and lifting heavy things.
While some people talk about how robots can be useful to humans, others voice their concerns. When robots become cheaper to produce, employers may prefer to use more robots than humans. As the technology constantly improves the abilities of robots, it could weaken the value of humans. Many people may rely on robots heavily. Some may even develop the habit of using robots for tasks that they can easily do. This could create a lazy society.
As an ageing society, Japan sees it as a must to build robots that can take care of elderly people at their homes, because without them, the nation’s health care system can’t cope. There will simply be too many elderly people to care for as the nation faces a decreasing birth rate, an ageing population, and the loosening of family ties. However, many of Japan’s elderly people would prefer human helpers rather than robots. Above all, Japan needs to make its dream of domestic robots come true because its immigration policy is anti-immigration.
5. According to the first paragraph, what will happen when robots can be used in homes?
A. People will spend more time on their work.
B. People’s living standards will be improved.
C. There would be more misunderstandings between humans.
D. People may communicate more with robots than with human beings.
解析:细节理解题。根据第一段中的“In the future, when robots can be used both in homes and in other areas, they could improve the living standards of people.”可知,当机器人可以在家里使用时,人们的生活水平将会提高。故选B。
答案:B
6. Which of the following are robots better at compared with humans?
A. Problem solving.
B. Critical thinking.
C. Working safely.
D. Communicating with others.
解析:细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Robots can be used for certain jobs to avoid accidents caused by careless behavior of some people.”可知,机器人可以用于某些工作,以避免人类的一些粗心行为造成的事故。由此可知,与人类相比,机器人在安全工作方面做得更好。故选C。
答案:C
7. What do some people worry when more robots are being used?
A. Robots will be beyond our control.
B. People will be unwilling to work hard.
C. It will be harder to improve the abilities of robots.
D. Human resources won’t be needed at the workplace.
解析:推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“Many people may rely on robots heavily. Some may even develop the habit of using robots for tasks that they can easily do. This could create a lazy society.”可知,一些人担心随着越来越多的机器人被使用,人们将不愿意努力工作。故选B。
答案:B
8. What can we infer from the last paragraph?
A. Japan will try to develop domestic robots.
B. Most Japanese citizens are against domestic robots.
C. The robots are well received by elderly people in Japan.
D. The Japanese government encourages foreigners to move to Japan.
解析:推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Above all, Japan needs to make its dream of domestic robots come true because its immigration policy is anti-immigration.”可知,最重要的是,因为日本的移民政策是反移民的,所以日本需要实现在家庭中使用机器人的梦想。由此可推知,日本将努力开发家用机器人。故选A。
答案:A
C
In the story of The Crow and the Pitcher from Aesop’s Fables, a thirsty crow(乌鸦) drops stones into a narrow jar to raise the low level of water inside so he can take a drink.
Now scientists have evidence to back up that story. Crows actually do understand how to make water displacement(移位) work to their advantage, experiments show. The results suggest that the birds are, at least in some aspects, as smart as first-graders.
Researchers, led by Sarah Jelbert at the University of Auckland in New Zealand, presented six crows with tubes filled with water. Inside the tubes, a worm or piece of meat on a piece of wood was floating, just out of reach of the crows. In front of the tubes, the researchers arranged several rubber erasers that would sink, and some plastic objects that would float. The crows found out that they could drop the erasers into the tubes in order to raise the water level and get their snack.
However, the birds handled awkwardly in experiments in which they could choose to drop objects in either a wide tube or a narrow one to get a snack, the researchers said. Dropping objects into the narrow tube would lift the water level by a greater amount and put the treat within reach after just two drops; while it took around seven drops to raise the snack to the same level in the wide tube. The crows obviously didn’t realise this, and most of them went for the wide tube first. 
Previous studies showed that chimps and human children can solve similar tasks. In a 2011 study, chimps and kids found out that they could put water into a tube to reach a peanut that was floating in a small amount of water at the bottom.
9. How did the crows get the snack in Sarah’s experiment?
A. By breaking the tube.
B. By dropping in erasers.
C. By standing on the wood.
D. By removing the wood.
解析:细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“The crows found out that they could drop the erasers into the tubes in order to raise the water level and get their snack.”可知,乌鸦能够把橡皮擦扔到管子里,使食物浮起,然后吃到食物。故选B。
答案:B
10. What does the author mean by “the birds handled awkwardly” in paragraph 4?
A. They were unable to tell different shapes.
B. They dropped objects only into narrow tubes.
C. They were not aware of the snack at first sight.
D. They mostly avoided the easier way to get the snack.
解析:推理判断题。从第四段可知,实验中的乌鸦在面对粗细不同的管子时,虽然细管比粗管需要更少的水和时间就可以把食物浮起来,但是乌鸦往往先去粗管那边,而没有选择更容易浮起食物的细管。由此可知,这句话的言外之意是“这些鸟儿没有选择更容易的方式得到零食”。故选D。
答案:D
11. What does the text mainly focus on?
A. Stories of Aesop’s Fables.
B. The development of crows.
C. Crows’intelligence.
D. Human-animal communication.
解析:主旨大意题。根据第二段最后一句“The results suggest that the birds are, at least in some aspects, as smart as first-graders.”以及后面的几个实验可知,整篇文章都是围绕乌鸦的智商问题来展开的。故选C。
答案:C
12. What can we learn from the text?
A. Crows are almost as clever as first-graders in some respects.
B. Crows understand water displacement completely.
C. Chimps and children are much smarter than crows.
D. The story of The Crow and the Pitcher lacks evidence.
解析:推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句“The results suggest that the birds are, at least in some aspects, as smart as first-graders.”可知,乌鸦在一些方面几乎跟一年级小学生一样聪明,所以选项A正确。根据第四段的实验可知,乌鸦并不能很好地理解排水量问题,所以选项B错误。根据最后一段的实验可知,黑猩猩和儿童跟乌鸦一样可以解决类似的问题,这不能说明他们比乌鸦聪明,所以选项C错误。根据第二段第一句“Now scientists have evidence to back up that story.”可知,科学家们已经有关于这则寓言的证据了,所以选项D错误。故选A。
答案:A

Reading and Thinking (2)

[基础测评]
Ⅰ. 单句语法填空。
1. The parents felt ashamed of their son when he 　　　　(dismiss) by the boss. 
2. The lawyer claimed that the accused(被告) was not 　　　　(guilt). 
3. All night long he lay awake, 　　　　(think) of the problem. 
4. He tried to make his ideas 　　　　(know). 
5. They usually have the medicine 　　　　(test) out before putting into the market all over the country. 
6. Jane’s pale face suggested that she 　　　　(be) ill, and her parents suggested she 　　　　(have) a medical examination. 
7. The two 　　　　(saleswoman) were busily trying to keep up with the demand. 
8. Let’s appoint a time 　　　　(meet) again. 
9. Angry residents have declared war 　　　　the owner of the factory. 
10. Some people say it is a very easy thing to get up 　　　　a cold morning.  
答案:1. was dismissed　2. guilty　3. thinking
4. known　5. tested　6. was　(should) have
7. saleswomen　8. to meet　9. on　10. on
Ⅱ. 用适当的介/副词填空。
1. You must work 　　　　how much all these things will cost. 
2. His work is to test 　　　　new designs of cars before they are put on the market. 
3. This is the first place in all of China to experiment 　　　　this method. 
4. When we got to the border, the guards made us turn 　　　　and go back. 
5. He looks more 　　　　a businessman than a teen idol. 
6. If you keep on collecting, 　　　　time you’ll have a wealth of data.  
7. There is no need to blame him all day long. He’s a child 　　　　all. 
8. I am not free this afternoon because I have an appointment 　　　　
my dentist. 
9. Several of the members have come up 　　　　suggestions of their own.  
10. 　　　　comparison, the scheme seems superior to the one reported in this paper. 
答案:1. out　2. out　3. with　4. around　5. like
6. in　7. after　8. with　9. with　10. In
Ⅲ. 语法填空。
The company for which Larry worked was to have a newly-made robot 1. 　　　　(call) Tony which was experimented with by his wife Claire at home. At the first sight of Tony, Claire felt 2. (alarm). She thought 3. 　　　　was ridiculous that a robot should look so much like a human 4. his smooth hair, deep voice, tall and handsome body. On the second morning,Tony wanted to help her to dress, which made Claire 5. (embarrass) and she refused him. But later she was glad that Tony could make her home 6. (elegance), give her a new haircut and improve her makeup.7. 　　　　(decorate) her home, he also wrote a list of 8. (item) for her to buy. And finally Tony helped Claire to finish all the work.Tony suggested that she 9.
(invite) Gladys and her friends to the house the night before he was to leave and Larry was to return. 10. 　　　　was unbelievable was that Tony didn’t want to leave Claire in the end! 
答案:1. called　2. alarmed　3. it　4. with
5. embarrassed　6. elegant　7. To decorate
8. items　9. (should) invite　10. What
[提升测评]
Ⅳ. 阅读理解。
Robots performing tasks according to a predetermined set of instructions are nothing new. But robots capable of learning how to do something by watching videos are a completely different thing.
If you have posted a video of your favourite recipe on a popular website, chances are that it will be tried by a robot.
Yiannis Aloimonos, who leads a team that is trying to teach a robot how to reproduce simple tasks by watching videos, said, “There exists a huge amount of video information on the Internet that we can use.”
So far, the robot named Julia can pour ingredients, add dressing and mix a simple salad. It learns by breaking each task into basic parts, such as grasping a spoon, bringing it to the bowl, stirring the salad and observing the results. As Julia can see, hear and remember things and then combine those parts to perform certain tasks, Yiannis said the project can combine all those abilities.
But why teach a robot how to understand a video when it can easily follow a fixed programme? Yiannis said, “You have a system that is done just for this particular task. And so, it can’t generalise(推广). You cannot take it and put it into a different environment. It is not flexible.”
Yiannis said one of the problems the researchers are trying to solve is how to make the robot understand and use what it learns during the performance of a certain task, the so-called feedback(反馈). Another problem will be the introduction of language.
“I believe it will take quite some time before the robots are able to understand metaphorical(比喻性的) language,” he added. But we don’t need that in order to create a new world in which the robots will be working for us.
1. Why is the example of Robot Julia mentioned?
A. To prove it is a wise robot cook.
B. To prove robots can understand a video.
C. To prove there are a lot of videos online.
D. To prove the salad made by it is tasty.
解析:推理判断题。由第四段可知,这款机器人可以通过看视频做一些简单的饭菜,说明它能看懂视频的内容。故选B。
答案:B
2. What does the underlined word “that” in the last paragraph refer to?
A. To get feedback on a certain task.
B. To solve a problem of a language.
C. To use what it learns in doing a task.
D. To understand metaphorical language.
解析:代词指代题。由最后一段画线词前面的“I believe it will take quite some time before the robots are able to understand metaphorical language”可知,这里的that指的是前面提到的“to understand metaphorical language”。故选D。
答案:D
3. What is the main idea of the text?
A. Robots cook for humans by themselves.
B. Robots learn to cook by watching videos.
C. Robots do things without fixed programmes.
D. Robots are fond of watching cooking videos.
解析:主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了现在研究人员正在开发可以通过看视频自己学习做事的机器人的情况。故选B。
答案:B
Ⅴ. 完形填空。
At the doctor’s office, first I log onto a computer to announce my presence. Then I wait until a robotic nurse 　1　 me into the examination room. Soon, in steps the doctor, who is also a robot. He records my 　2　, does a few calculations and then 　3　 out a prescription (处方). Having swiped (刷) the credit card at a machine on the way out, I return home without having come across another human being. This scene is my horrible imagination of the future, which hasn’t come to pass—　4　 not yet now. 
I really do like many aspects of 　5　. I’m a big fan of air conditioners in summer and heat in winter. But I don’t want machines to
　6　. When I call my dentist’s office and actually get a human being on the line, I am pleased. When I call the airport and get the lady-computer who 　7　 asking me to report myself, I want to scream. When I see the slow occupation of self-service check-out stations at the supermarket, I feel like shouting, “When it 　8　 cashiers, make mine humans, please!” 
After all, a human cashier might 　9　 a bag of flour leaking and get you a replacement. Real-life cashiers may have a 　10　 word for an elderly person struggling to pay the bill. Even more than that, they often take an interest in particularly cute children, which can 　11　 a young mother’s day. I don’t want to go back to the Stone Age, but I’m also 　12　 about a completely computerized world, where face-to-face communication is replaced by swiping credit cards and feeding numbers. Self-service check-out stations can be efficient. But they lack a(n) 13
so vital to everyday life. It is something that urges us to offer others a smile or a hug, which may be 　14　 what they need at that moment. Call it the spirit, the soul or the heart. It is something that no 　 15
will ever have. 
1. A. directs　　　　　 B. wheels
C. follows D. pushes
解析:direct指导,引导; wheel用车推; follow跟随; push推。此处描写作者就诊的过程,首先作者在电脑上登录,然后等到一名机器人护士把他领进检查室。故选A。
答案:A
2. A. identity B. character
C. appearance D. symptom
解析:identity身份;character性格;appearance相貌;symptom症状。根据语境可知,作者是来看病的,所以机器人医生记录的应该是作者的症状。故选D。
答案:D
3. A. stands B. prints
C. finds D. calls
解析:stand out突出,脱颖而出; print out打印出; find out发现,查明; call out召集,大声叫喊。机器人在模拟真人医生看病,所以记录完症状,就会打印出一张处方。故选B。
答案:B
4. A. in short B. in particular
C. beyond doubt D. at least
解析:in short简而言之; in particular尤其是; beyond doubt毫无疑问; at least至少。这一幕是作者对未来可怕的想象,但至少现在还没有实现。故选D。
答案:D
5. A. tradition B. civilization
C. technology D. culture
解析:tradition传统;civilization文明;technology技术;culture文化。根据下文“I’m a big fan of air conditioners in summer and heat in winter.”可知,作者在夏天喜欢空调,在冬天喜欢供暖设备,所以作者的确很喜欢技术所带来的便利。故选C。
答案:C
6. A. hand over B. take over
C. turn over D. get over
解析:hand over移交;take over接管;turn over翻过来;get over克服,熬过。根据表示转折意义的but判断,作者虽然喜欢科技的成果,但是不想被机器控制。故选B。
答案:B
7. A. risks B. escapes
C. keeps D. delays
解析:risk冒险; escape逃脱; keep保持; delay拖延。因为电脑是在按照程序工作,所以它会不断地要求作者报告自己的情况。keep doing sth不断做某事。故选C。
答案:C
8. A. comes to B. goes to
C. starts with D. compares with
解析:when it comes to ... 当谈到……的时候,在某个方面。当作者看到超市推出更多的自助收银台时,作者真想大喊:“拜托,还是给我找个真人收银员吧。”故选A。
答案:A
9. A. hear B. bring
C. spot D. stop
解析:hear听到; bring带来; spot看到; stop停止。根据下文“get you a replacement”判断,真人收银员可能会发现面粉漏了,然后给你换一袋。故选C。
答案:C
10. A. joyful B. sympathetic
C. bitter D. regretful
解析:joyful快乐的;sympathetic同情的;bitter痛苦的;regretful后悔的。根据下文“an elderly person struggling to pay the bill”判断,因为老人挣扎着结账时,真人收银员会表示同情。故选B。
答案:B
11. A. shorten B. lengthen
C. broaden D. brighten
解析:shorten缩短;lengthen延长;broaden加宽,扩大;brighten使变亮,使生辉。人与人之间的沟通很重要,真人收银员往往喜欢逗孩子,这是对孩子的喜欢,所以孩子的母亲也会很高兴。brighten one’s day使某人开心。故选D。
答案:D
12. A. unconcerned B. anxious
C. curious D. crazy
解析:句意:我不想回到石器时代,但我也担忧一个完全电脑化的世界,在那里面对面的交流被刷信用卡和输入数字取代。unconcerned漠不关心的; anxious着急的,忧虑的; curious好奇的; crazy疯狂的。此处指作者很担忧一个完全电脑化的世界。be anxious about ... 对……感到担忧。故选B。
答案:B
13. A. element B. function
C. role D. material
解析:句意:但是它们缺少一种对日常生活很重要的元素。 element元素,要素;function作用,功能;role角色;material材料。机器缺乏的是情感元素或者人性元素。故选A。
答案:A
14. A. merely B. partly
C. exactly D. necessarily
解析:句意:正是情感促使我们为他人提供一个微笑或一个拥抱,这也许正是他们此刻所需要的。merely仅仅; partly部分地; exactly恰好,正是; necessarily必然地。exactly用来表示强调。故选C。
答案:C
15. A. human B. cashier
C. doctor D. machine
解析:句意:这是任何机器都不会拥有的东西。human人类; cashier出纳员; doctor医生; machine机器。该句是在说与人类相比,机器不可能拥有的东西。故选D。
答案:D