高中英语人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第二册Unit 3 Food and Culture同步测试题

这是一份高中英语人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第二册Unit 3 Food and Culture同步测试题，共7页。

Researchers are generally divided nt nly n what causes besity, but als n why we feel hungry and ften fail t stay n a diet.
The cnventinal thinking, held by the majrity f researchers and clinicians I've interviewed ver the years, is that besity is caused by extra calries. They refer t it as an “energy balance” disrder, and s the treatment is t cnsume less energy (fewer calries) and expend mre. When we fail t maintain this gal, the implicatin is that we simply lack willpwer r self­discipline.
The minrity's psitin in this field—ne that Dr. Ludwig hlds, as d I after years f reprting—is that besity is actually a hrmnal regulatry disrder, and the hrmne (激素) that dminates this prcess is insulin (胰岛素). It directly links what we eat t the accumulatin f extra fat and that, in turn, is tied t the fds we lng fr and the hunger we experience. It's been knwn since the 1960s that insulin signals fat cells t accumulate fat, while telling the ther cells in ur bdy t burn carbhydrates (碳水化合物) fr fuel.
If yu prmte insulin levels even a little, says Dr. Rbert Lustig, a pediatric endcrinlgist at the University f Califrnia, San Francisc, the bdy will switch ver frm burning fat fr fuel t burning carbhydrates, by necessity.
“The mre insulin yu release, the mre yu need carbs，” he said. “Once yu're expsed t a little carbhydrate, yu get an insulin rise frm it. And yu cmpensate by particularly getting hungry fr mre carbhydrate. A high insulin level drives a thirst fr carbs.”
The result is that even a bite r a taste f carbhydrate­rich fds can stimulate insulin and create a hunger—a thirst—fr even mre carbhydrates. “There's n questin in my mind，” says Dr. Lustig, “that nce peple wh are ‘carbhlics’ get their insulin levels dwn, they becme less fnd f carbs. And if they fall ff the wagn and start eating carbs, they g right back t where they were befre. I've seen that in numerus patients.”
1．What kind f prblem causes peple's energy unbalance accrding t traditinal thinking?
A．The psychlgical prblem.
B．The bilgical prblem.
C．The scial prblem.
D．The medical prblem.
2．What des the authr think leads t besity?
A．Surplus calries. B．High insulin levels.
C．Lack f exercise. D．Lw hrmne levels.
3．Accrding t Dr. Lustig，taking carbhydrate­rich fds may result in ________.
A．fat accumulatin
B．desire fr mre fd
C．fat cnsumptin
D．less insulin releasing
4．What may researchers f bth sides think imprtant in fighting besity?
A.Training ur willpwer.
B．Keeping energy balance.
C．Staying n a chsen diet cnsistently.
D．Maintaining hrmnal regulatry rder.
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Pliteness is the practical applicatin f gd manners, the gal f which is t make all f the parties relaxed and cmfrtable. It's a flexible management f wrds and actins, by which we make ther peple have a better pinin f us and themselves. It seeks t build a psitive relatinship. __1__.
Hwever, in the rush f daily life being plite is scial behaviur that we find rare nwadays. __2__. They dn't even take the time t lk arund. This has led t the lss f simple scial rules sme might take fr granted and that are particularly pwerful.
__3__， peple becme less and less attentive t thers' feelings, fr human interactin (互动) is almst lst. Take fr instance the rudeness we tlerate when a persn is lking at his phne when talking t us.
Being plite is nt just a simple scial elegance. __4__. These days “Please” and “Thank yu” are frgtten. And nt many peple are aware that these tw simple wrds can easily pen r clse any dr t us. Unfrtunately, they ften frget t say these wrds.
Hpe is nt lst. There are many ways we can imprve ur behaviur t achieve skills in pliteness. There are simple things we can d t be cnsidered as a plite and well­mannered persn. __5__， they will respect yu back. Just make a change in ur behaviur t start. Use simple wrds like “Excuse me”， “Please” and “Thank yu” every day. Be kind t receive kindness. Care and pliteness will get yu far in all aspects f life.
A．As technlgy prgresses
B．Peple have becme mre self­absrbed
C．As lng as yu shw yur pliteness fr peple
D．Since fr many peple being plite remains a challenge
E．Many languages have specific means t shw pliteness
F．It aims t respect a persn's need t be liked and understd
G．It's als abut being kind, caring and respectful t anther persn
Ⅲ. 完形填空
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
[2023·河北衡水高三质检考试]There are times when we feel as if ur bad circumstances will never change. When we meet trubles r prblems in ur lives, we are __1__ fr a sign that tells us everything will be __2__ and get better.
When in this mindset (心态), I think back t a __3__ I nce heard abut a family having dinner at a Chinese restaurant. At the end f the meal, everyne __4__ their frtune ckie and read their messages ut lud. __5__， the yungest child did nt, she went t get anther frtune ckie. This __6__ several times befre the mm stpped her and asked, “What are yu ding？” The little child respnded, “I am lking fr a ckie with the __7__ frtune fr me.” The mm said, “There is nly ne thing yu need t __8__ and it's nt in a frtune ckie. That is where there is a will there is a way. ”
When __9__ are nt ging ur way, we may __10__ the right frtune. We seek the hpe fr ur __11__ s that it will be better than the present. Once the Israelis were expelled (驱逐) in a freign cuntry against their will. At that time, everything was __12__ fr them, but they didn't lse hpe; instead, they __13__ t their new envirnment psitively. Years later they returned t their hmeland as they had __14__ .
In life we need t take actin and hpe and believe that nthing is impssible t a willing mind. It des __15__ that gd things d cme ut f bad and difficult situatins.
1．A.ready B．grateful
C．respnsible D．desperate
2．A.settled B．hidden
C．defeated D．gne
3．A.message B．stry
C．prblem D．case
4．A.ate B．tasted
C．tuched D．pened
5．A.Anyhw B．Hwever
C．Otherwise D．Therefre
6．A.changed B．ran
C．happened D．shwed
7．A.gd B．bad
C．wrng D．right
8．A.dubt B．guess
C．knw D．hpe
9．A.memries B．things
C．questins D．chances
10．A.search fr B．make up
C．take ut D．wrestle with
11．A.family B．wrk
C．business D．future
12．A.easy B．difficult
C．cmmn D．special
13．A.adjusted B．turned
C．stuck D．agreed
14．A.left B．expected
C．talked D．remembered
15．A.prve B．tell
C．cnsider D．understand
Ⅳ. 语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Fuchsia Dunlp decided t visit China after reading articles abut the cuntry fr several mnths. The ne­mnth backpacking trip expsed the English wman 1.________ a wide range f Chinese fd. “The dishes and sups I had even in the cheapest and plain eateries were better than 2.________ I had in the UK，” Dunlp recalled.
The last stp f her trip was Chengdu, 3.________ capital f suthwest China's Sichuan Prvince. Dunlp learned frm friends that Sichuan fd represents ne f China's 4.________ (gd) cuisines, and when the spicy flavur f Sichuan pepper explded in her muth, smething inside her changed frever.
After she returned t Lndn, Dunlp made the decisin t study in China at Sichuan University. When she wrte dwn “studying Chinese 5.________ (plicy) n ethnic grups” n the 6.________ (apply) frm as the reasn fr a schlarship, what she really had in mind were Sichuan dishes.
Her jurney eventually led her t becme the mst knwledgeable English persn n Chinese fd. She 7.________ (write) many bks n Chinese cuisine since, including Shark's Fin and Sichuan Pepper, which was translated int Chinese in 2018.
Accrding t Chen Xiaqing, 8.________ (knw) fr directing the dcumentary f A Bite f China, Dunlp is the mst insightful freign writer wh 9.________ (vivid) describes Chinese cuisine in an exciting and accurate way. What she presents t the readers is nt just fd, but als the prfund traditins and tremendus changes 10.________ (ccur) in the cuntry behind the flavurs.
Ⅴ.书面表达
某英文网站正在举办一个关于“Fd & Culture”的征文活动。请你用英语写一篇短文介绍中国的饺子文化。内容包括：
1．饺子的历史(1500年左右)；
2．和饺子相关的文化习俗(新年食物，家庭团聚，好运象征等)；
3．饺子的做法。
注意：1.词数80左右；
2．题目和首句已为你写好，不计入总词数。
Chinese Dumplings and Culture
Chinese dumplings r jiazi，________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
课时作业(四) Cmprehensive Test fr Unit 3
Ⅰ.阅读理解
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。主要从大多数人的观点和少数人的观点两个方面对导致肥胖症的原因以及人们感到饥饿和经常没有坚持节食的原因进行了介绍和分析。
1．答案与解析：A 细节理解题。根据第二段的内容，尤其是最后一句“When we fail t maintain this gal, the implicatin is that we simply lack willpwer r self­discipline.”可知，传统的观念认为，当我们不能坚持吃得少且消耗得多这个目标时，就意味着我们缺乏意志力或自律能力。由此可知，传统观念将人们的能量不均衡归结于心理方面的因素。故选A。
2．答案与解析：B 细节理解题。根据第三段第一句中的“ne that Dr.Ludwig hlds, as d I after years f reprting—is that besity is actually a hrmnal regulatry disrder, and the hrmne (激素) that dminates this prcess is insulin (胰岛素)”以及第五段第一句中的“The mre insulin yu release, the mre yu need carbs”可知，作者认为肥胖实际上是一种激素调节紊乱，主导这一过程的激素是胰岛素，并且释放的胰岛素越多，人体就越需要碳水化合物，这样就会让肥胖的可能性增加。故选B。
3．答案与解析：B 推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句“The result is that even a bite r a taste f carbhydrate­rich fds can stimulate insulin and create a hunger—a thirst—fr even mre carbhydrates.”可知，即使食用少量富含碳水化合物的食物也会刺激胰岛素，进而让人渴求甚至更多的含有碳水化合物的食物。由此可推知，答案选B。
4．答案与解析：C 推理判断题。根据第二段第二句中的“the treatment is t cnsume less energy (fewer calries) and expend mre”和第三句话的内容以及最后一段Dr. Lustig所说的“And if they fall ff the wagn and start eating carbs, they g right back t where they were befre.”可推知，在对抗肥胖症的过程中，两种观念都主张选择一种不会引起肥胖的饮食结构，并坚持下去。故选C。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇议论文。礼貌是良好礼仪的表现，但是随着生活节奏的加快人们对礼貌似乎有所忘却，也能够容忍不礼貌的行为。礼貌用语虽小，但能够在很多方面影响我们的生活。
1．答案与解析：F 该空上句提到它试图建立积极的人际关系。F项与上句承接自然，且两句在句式结构上相同。故选F。
2．答案与解析：B 该空下句提到人们甚至不愿意花时间观察周围事物。B项与下句联系紧密，不愿花时间观察周围事物是人们以自我为中心的一种表现形式。故选B。
3．答案与解析：A 该空下句提到人们变得越来越不关心其他人的感受。A项在语境上和下句联系紧密。越来越不关心和随着科学发展都表现出动作的渐变，在逻辑上也能很好地衔接。故选A。
4．答案与解析：G 该空上句提到礼貌不仅仅是一种简单的社会礼仪。G项的意思和上句是递进关系，尤其通过上句的nt just 和本句的 als可以看出两句联系紧密。故选G。
5．答案与解析：C 该空下句提到他们反过来也会尊重你。C项和下句构成条件状语从句，且该主从句的意义符合逻辑关系和题意。故选C。
Ⅲ. 完形填空
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。文章主要通过作者讲述的小故事——一个家庭在中国餐馆吃饭，妈妈告诉最小的孩子，寻找幸运饼干是没有意义的，需要知道的是“有志者事竟成”，从而说明了一个道理，在生活中，我们需要采取行动，怀抱希望，坚信有志者，事竟成。
1．答案与解析：D 根据前文“When we meet trubles r prblems in ur lives”可知，生活中遇到麻烦或问题时，需要一个“告诉我们一切都会变好，变得更好”的信号存在以给予我们希望。respnsible负有责任的；desperate不顾一切的，极度渴望的。
2．答案与解析：A 根据前文“When we meet trubles r prblems in ur lives”可知，遇到的是问题和麻烦，“解决”问题或麻烦。
3．答案与解析：B 根据后文“I nce heard abut a family having dinner at a Chinese restaurant”的讲述，作者应是想到了一个听说过的故事。
4．答案与解析：D 根据后文宾语“frtune ckie”可知，应是中餐馆给客人的，包有预测未来运气小纸条的幸运饼干，因此打开之后才能看到其中的小纸条上的内容。
5．答案与解析：B 前后句是转折关系，所以用Hwever。
6．答案与解析：C 根据“This __6__ several times befre the mm stpped her and asked, ‘What are yu ding？’”可知，这个动作发生了不止一次才引起了妈妈的注意和询问。
7．答案与解析：D 根据后文“When __9__ are nt ging ur way, we may __10__ the right frtune.”可知本句中应是“right frtune”。
8．答案与解析：C 根据后文“That is where there is a will there is a way.”可知，这是妈妈希望这个小孩子能够懂得的道理。
9．答案与解析：B 本句“When __9__ are nt ging ur way, we may __10__ the right frtune.”在表达事情不是按照自己的预想方式发展。
10．答案与解析：A 对应前文“I am lking fr a ckie with the __7__ frtune fr me.”可知，此处应是寻找好运。search fr寻找；make up构成，编造，弥补；take ut除掉，取得，带某人出去(吃饭或看电影等)；wrestle with全力对付，努力克服。
11．答案与解析：D 根据后文“s that it will be better than the present.”可知，应是对未来寻求希望。
12．答案与解析：B 根据前文“Once the Israelis were expelled (驱逐) in a freign cuntry against their will.”可知，他们被驱逐，因此日子不好过。
13．答案与解析：A 根据前文“they didn't lse hpe”可知，他们虽然被驱逐，但是没有放弃希望，相反，他们在新环境中积极调整自己。
14．答案与解析：B 多年以后，他们如预期的那样回到了祖国。
15．答案与解析：A 它证明了好的事情确实会从坏的和困难的情况中产生。
Ⅳ. 语法填空
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了英国女士邓洛普在中国的美食之旅。
1．答案与解析：t 考查介词。为固定词组，意为“把……暴露于……”，故填t。
2．答案与解析：what 考查宾语从句。设空处引导宾语从句，作had的宾语，故填what。
3．答案与解析：the 考查冠词。the capital f...意为“……的首都/省会”。the表示特指。
4．答案与解析：best 考查形容词最高级。ne f后的名词常用形容词最高级修饰，故填best。
5．答案与解析：plicies 考查名词复数。plicy当“政策、方针”讲时是可数名词，用复数表泛指，故填plicies。
6．答案与解析：applicatin 考查名词。根据句意可知，设空处用名词形式作定语。applicatin frm“申请表”。
7．答案与解析：has written 考查动词时态。设空处表示过去的动作对现在的影响，故用现在完成时。
8．答案与解析：knwn 考查非谓语动词。Dunlp与knw构成被动关系。be knwn fr...“因……而出名”，故填knwn。
9．答案与解析：vividly 考查副词。设空处修饰动词，故用其副词形式，所以填vividly。
10．答案与解析：ccurring 考查非谓语动词。changes 与ccur构成主动关系，作后置定语修饰changes，故填ccurring。
Ⅴ. 书面表达
参考范文：
Chinese Dumplings and Culture
Chinesedumplingsrjiazi, mainly with meat and vegetable fillings, is a traditinal Chinese fd, which dates back t abut 1，500 years ag. China has been perfecting the art f dumpling making since the Ming Dynasty.
As the Spring Festival marks the start f a new year, peple chse t eat jiazi t express their wishes fr gd frtune, s it is part f the Chinese culture. Traditinally, family members get tgether t make dumplings n New Year's Eve. Making dumplings is really a team effrt t create harmnius family atmsphere. Ways f cking Chinese dumplings vary frm place t place. Generally, they are steamed, biled r pan­fried. Sme are served dry with vinegar while thers in sup.
As fr details f Chinese dumplings and culture, it's well wrth explring.